搜索结果：Naples

The bays of Naples and Pozzuoli host volcanic areas that have been active within recent history. In addition, the vicinities areas around the Vesuvius volcano and the Campi Flegrei caldera are extremely densely inhabited. Over the past decade, this situation has prompted several active seismic experiments focused on the Vesuvius volcano. More recently, the Serapis active seismic survey covered the entire Bay of Naples, with particular attention to Pozzuoli Bay. The processed Serapis P wave travel time collection, extended with a previously acquired data set, has allowed the computation of the most comprehensive three‐dimensional P wave velocity distribution for the Bay of Naples, which includes a small‐scale high‐resolution model of the Campi Flegrei caldera. The joint interpretation of the velocity distribution together with both the available gravity measurements and models and the geothermal drilling information has allowed us to locate and map lithological units at depths. We propose a model of the Campi Flegrei caldera in relation to the underlying Mesozoic limestone unit. In this model, no magma chamber exists in the upper 6 km beneath the Bay of Naples. The feeding system of the Campi Flegrei caldera is directly controlled by the tectonic structures affecting the limestone unit beneath the Bay of Naples. Two NE‐SW normal faults run beneath the Vesuvius volcano and Campi Flegrei, which are related to the pre‐Pleistocene Apenninic tectonics.

The present study focuses on determining the relationship of estimated land surface temperature (LST) with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) for Florence and Naples cities in Italy using Landsat 8 data. The study also classifies different land use/land cover LU–LC) types using NDVI and NDBI threshold values, iterative self-organizing data analysis technique and maximum likelihood classifier, and analyses the relationship built by LST with the built-up area and bare land. Urban thermal field variance index was applied to determine the thermal and ecological comfort level of the city. Several urban heat islands (UHIs) were extracted as the most heated zones within the city boundaries due to increasing anthropogenic activities. The difference between the mean LST of UHI and non-UHI is 3.15°C and 3.31°C, respectively, for Florence and Naples. LST build a strong correlation with NDVI (negative) and NDBI (positive) for both the cities as a whole, especially for the non-UHIs. But, the strength of correlation becomes much weaker within the UHIs. Moreover, most of the UHIs (85.21% in Naples and 76.62% in Florence) are developed within the built-up area or bare land and are demarcated as an ecologically stressed zone.

I am often reminded of the famous saying of Goethe: "Vedi Napoli e poi muori! - See Naples and die!". Sadly, Naples is now confronted with a number of serious, ongoing problems with a need to alleviate pressure on the worsening environment. One serious problem facing the environment is the presence of the potentially hazardous persistent organic pollutants (POPs), although few systematic studies at regional scale have been conducted. In this study, samples of soil, air, and bulk deposition were collected in Naples metropolitan area (NMA) to characterize the status of POPs, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results obtained showed that most of these compounds are pervasive in all the studied environmental matrices, especially in some hotspot areas, such as the Bagnoli Brownfield Site and the infamous "Triangle of the Death", where unwanted ecological risk conditions for PAHs and Endosulfan were determined, respectively. The interactional complexity between urban and the surrounding rural areas was also confirmed, as is the role that urban areas play in the migration and transformation process of POPs. High urban-rural gradients for atmospheric PAHs and PCBs were observed in the NMA, and the urban areas were identified as the emission source of these contaminants. Similarly, the OCP residues, historically originated from the nearby agricultural regions, experience long-term soil re-emission and continuously influence the connected urban environment via atmospheric transport processes.

The genus Pseudo-nitzschia includes several species capable of producing domoic acid, the causative agent of Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning. Some of these species have been recorded frequently in the Gulf of Naples. For one of the species, P. multistriata, which has been recurrently found in our sampling area since 1995, this is the first report for European waters. Here we provide further details on the fine structure of this species. Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata was the only one found to produce domoic acid among all the Pseudo-nitzschia species from the Gulf of Naples, and this finding raises the number of potentially toxic species in this genus to nine. Phylogenetic relationships among several Pseudo-nitzschia species were assessed using the hypervariable domains (D1–D3) of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA. The match between the phylogeny obtained and important taxonomic characters used in this genus are discussed. Results show that P. multistriata clusters with wider species lacking a central larger interspace in the raphe. Close genetic relationships were determined between P. fraudulenta and P. subfraudulenta, and between P. pungens and P. multiseries. Genetic differences among these pairs of species are comparable to those among isolates of P. pseudodelicatissima from the Gulf of Naples, indicating high intraspecific genetic diversity of Pseudo-nitzschia species in the relatively conserved LSU region. This could explain the problematic results obtained when testing a match between species-specific Pseudo-nitzschia LSU probes and our sequences.

Cities accessible in 15 minutes represent a new possibility for reorganizing the urban system (times, spaces and activities) to try to respond to many current challenges, including ageing populations, energy saving and, more recently, Covid-19. A renewed concept of urban accessibility, together with the redefinition of public spaces and "soft" ways of moving (pedestrian and cycle) to reach neighbourhood services, represent a starting point not only from which to face new challenges but also to rediscover the sense of community, especially at the neighbourhood scale. The 15-minute city draws its origins from the concept of the "neighbourhood unit", developed in 1923 in a competition for the city of Chicago, to define compact residential neighbourhoods where the proximity between services and homes contributed to set out the identity character of that part of the city and to create "the sense of belonging" of a community to a place. The events of the last year strongly re-propose experimentation with this approach, also following the proposal by the mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, aimed at giving a new face to Paris starting from the creation of extensive pedestrian green areas on the large boulevards that are now crossed by the cars and, therefore, to allow the inhabitants to reach, by walking, essential urban services within the 15-minute threshold. Other cities, such as New York and Milan, have also begun to work to make their neighbourhoods, especially peripheral ones, accessible in 15 minutes on foot or by bicycle, without neglecting the goal of transforming these neighbourhoods into attractive places for social gathering for local communities. In this perspective, the research work aims at identifying the urban characteristics that define a 15-minute city, starting from the cities that are launching this experimentation. Among the urban characteristics, the geomorphological, physical (concerning both the spaces and the paths, such as the geometry of the pedestrian and cycle networks), functional (distribution and location of services), socio-economic (of the population) and settlement ones are taken into consideration. According to the weights of the variables identified as significant, the work defines different areas accessible in 15 minutes based on users’ willingness to walk and the geomorphological, physical, settlement and functional characteristics identified in each urban area. The work is carried out in selected districts of the city of Naples which, due to their demographic, morphological and settlement characteristics, make them a significant area of experimentation.

Examining the cultural history of Renaissance Naples with an emphasis on humanism, the author also evaluates Naples in the broader context of fifteenth-century Italy and Renaissance Europe in general. He addresses several prominent themes of Renaissance history: patron- client relationships, the development of a realistic, Machiavellian approach to matters of statecraft and diplomacy, and the influence of Neapolitan humanists on European culture in general. Originally published in 1987. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Henry Charles Lea's account of the Inquisition in Italy, Spain and South America was first published in 1908. Drawing on primary source material, the American historian gives a detailed account of the workings of the Inquisition and its individual tribunals in Sicily, Naples, Sardinia and Milan. He also describes the Inquisition in Malta, the Canary Islands, Mexico, Peru, New Granada and the Philippines. According to Lea the Inquisition persisted from the sixteenth right up to the nineteenth century. He demonstrates how some of the individuals entrusted with implementing the Inquisition abused their powers, and how the Inquisition in the Spanish colonies prevented the efficient running of governmental administrations. He focuses on some of the consequences of the Inquisition: Jews were banished from Naples, there were moves to exclude new Christians from the Church in Mexico, and the mysticism practised in New Granada was considered a grave threat to the Church.

In several countries, urban regeneration programmes have become associated with wider policy changes to the governance and social improvement of local communities. These developments have become central to policy implementation in the UK where regeneration planning attempts to use 'social capital' from local networks and associations in new systems of governance connecting central government agencies, local councils and local voluntary and community groups. This article reports on comparative research aimed at assessing whether the new approaches significantly influence democracy and transparency and, correspondingly, responsiveness to power relations and conflicts, and the needs and interests of the previously excluded and often disadvantaged groups. The analysis derives from a contrast between Bristol, a propitious case for the new governance in the UK, and the Italian city of Naples. Similar and problematic developments are identified in both cases despite the pursuit of a radically different 'dirigiste' strategy by the Naples council. The findings suggest that more autonomous local government and greater civil society participation may still be needed to meet local expectations.

Eukaryotic ultraphytoplankton (<5 μm) are an important component of phytoplankton populations, Dot blot hybridisation analysis using class level 16S rRNA gene probes as well as clone libraries were used to investigate the diversity of these ultraphytoplankton during a 15 mo period (2003 to 2004) in the Gulf of Naples. Hybridisation data showed the presence of 3 main classes, Cryptophyceae, Chrysophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae, along with lower signals from the Pelagophyceae. Clone libraries also contained these 4 classes as well as sequences from the Dictyochophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Prasinophyceae. However, the Prymnesiophyceae gave the dominant hybridisation signal and constituted the majority of each clone library. Their diversity, with a total of 190 sequences belonging to 114 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), probably allows them to dominate the ultraphytoplankton throughout the whole year under differing environmental conditions. Over 100 of these OTUs were unique to different libraries, suggesting a succession of different taxa during the year. The Cryptophyceae were present most of the year with 1 OTU, corresponding to a Plagioselmis prolonga strain from the Gulf of Naples, being the dominant taxon (28 % of sequences). A striking result was the high hybridisation signal from the Chrysophyceae, which showed a preference for the summer months. The Pelagophyceae were present between December and March. Most (80 %) of the sequences found in the clone libraries were not identical to available 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicating a high amount of hidden diversity for these algal classes. However, sequences from Prasinophyceae Clade II (Mamiellales) were not detected in the clone libraries.
\n

Purpose This paper aims to analyse online reviews to explore the experiences of tourists related to cultural attractions. Furthermore, the study identifies similarities and differences between cultural attractions and identifies tourists’ preferences. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis and principal component analysis are applied to 12.592 online reviews, in Italian, posted on TripAdvisor by tourists who visited 58 cultural attractions of Naples (Italy) between 2011 and 2014. Findings Findings reveal five critical components of tourists’ experience related to cultural attractions: wonder, authenticity, relaxation, discovery and knowledge. Findings show that tourists can interpret cultural attractions in different ways. Research limitations/implications This study makes advancements on the relationships between tourists’ experience and cultural attractions. Research limitations are related to the geographical context and to the database, which presents a strong standardisation of evaluations, almost never negative. Furthermore, the analysis is limited to online reviews written in Italian language. Future studies will be dedicated to explore reviews in other languages and on other cultural destinations. Practical implications The study draws managerial implications at local and general level. Locally, findings provide suggestions and practical implications to support the tourism policies and marketing of Naples. At general level, the paper provides implications for destination manager organisations and policy makers to strengthen the attractiveness of cultural attractions, develop destination marketing strategies and offer more satisfying cultural experiences. Originality/value This is one of the first studies that uses online reviews to explore the experiences of tourists who visit cultural attractions.

The annual cycle of plankton was studied over 14 years from 1984 to 2000 at a coastal station in the Gulf of Naples, with the aim of assessing seasonal patterns and interannual trends. Phytoplankton biomass started increasing over the water column in February-early March, and generally achieved peak values in the upper layers in late spring. Another peak was often recorded in autumn. Diatoms and phytoflagellates dominated for the largest part of the year. Ciliates showed their main peaks in phase with phytoplankton and were mainly represented by small (< 30 mm) naked choreotrichs. Mesozooplankton increased in March-April, reaching maximum concentrations in summer. Copepods were always the most abundant group, followed by cladocerans in summer. At the interannual scale, a high variability and a decreasing trend were recorded over the sampling period for autotrophic biomass. Mesozooplankton biomass showed a less marked interannual variability. From 1995 onwards, phytoplankton populations increased in cell number but decreased in cell size, with intense blooms of small diatoms and undetermined coccoid species frequently observed in recent years. In spite of those interannual variations, the different phases of the annual cycle and the occurrence of several plankton species were remarkably regular.

Jean-Yves Girard. Proof theory and logical complexity. Volume I. Studies in proof theory, no. 1. Bibliopolis, Naples 1987, also distributed by Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, N.J., 503 pp. - Volume 54 Issue 4

Italo Pardo has produced a thoughtful and original account of the moral life of Naples, a city in which the ethics of work, family and neighbourhood exist in complex relationship with the teachings of the church and, crucial to key processes of democracy, with the power and limitations of law, bureaucracy and government. Dr Pardo identifies the importance of strong continuous interaction between material and non-material aspects in the entrepreneurial strategies of the ordinary Neapolitan and shows the ways in which different ethical systems are negotiated in everyday life. Success is measured not only by material gain, but also by satisfying spiritual obligations and meeting the claims of intimate loyalties. This is one of the very few ethnographic studies of a European city; it questions old assumptions and raises fresh issues in the field of urban studies, demonstrating the significance of empirical analysis to mainstream debates in social theory.

Abstract This article analyses the role played by immigrants’ associations in local policy networks in Italy. The aim is to find out if differences in the political opportunity structure have an impact on the development of immigrant organisations and on their influence in the policy-making process. In the first part of the article I describe the evolution of immigrants’ associations in Italy by focusing on the institutional opportunity structure, defined here as the resources granted by national legislation to support immigrants’ associations. In the second part I focus on three cases that represent different areas of the country: Milan, Bologna and Naples. These cities have been governed by different political majorities since the mid-1980s, and are thus characterised by differences in the political opportunity structure. The question I ask is: do different configurations of power, right-wing or left-wing, provide different institutional opportunities for immigrants’ associations? And how do these different opportunities influence levels of immigrant organisation? My analysis shows that immigrants’ associations are poorly organised and play a marginal role in the local decision-making process in the three cities considered. Left-wing administrations have attempted to open some opportunities, but these were scarce and often of a contradictory nature. Local governments seem in general to prefer Italian pro-immigrant associations, especially as far as access to funding and running for public contracts is concerned. As a consequence, in all the three cities considered, national welfare associations appear to have crowded out immigrants’ own initiatives. Keywords: ItalyPro-Immigrant AssociationsPolicy-Making ProcessInstitutional Opportunity Structure The data presented above were collected in the context of a broader research project—supervised by Professor Giovanna Zincone—on local policy-networks in Italy carried out during my PhD in Political Science at the University of Florence, and with the contribution of the Young Researchers Programme of the Department of Social Sciences of the University of Turin. The main sources utilised were official documents (minutes of municipal councils and executives) and in-depth interviews with the main actors. Notes 1. Immigrants from Egypt were probably among the first to arrive in Milan in the early 1980s (Palidda 2002: 107). Initially employed in industry as factory workers, they were able to start a process of social mobility through the opening of small businesses such as carpet shops and restaurants. 2. ‘First-accommodation’ services translates, albeit not very satisfactorily, the Italian Servizi di prima accoglienza, including ‘emergency’ housing offered to new arrivals. 3. ‘Adjoined’ councillors were voted in the mid-1990s in Rome and Ancona. They are not allowed to vote in the Town Council, and have a mere consultative function. Other cities allowed for the direct election of consultative committees, the ‘consulte’. This was the case of Turin in 1995 (only until 1999), Modena (1999), Palermo (2001) and Bergamo (1999). 4. Five legalisations have been approved so far: in 1986, 1990, 1995, 1998 and 2002. Additional informationNotes on contributorsTiziana Caponio Tiziana Caponio is Research Assistant in the Department of Educational Sciences at the University of Bologna

This article examines mobile phone use among migrants in the Naples region to consider how this mediated technology enables them to mitigate or resolve uncertainties of everyday working life in relation with others. In particular, I am interested in precarity, which has been understood as both an analytical concept and an emergent subjective form of identification for citizens in Europe to express anxiety about work conditions and social alienation. Precarity emerges from the reconfigurations of political economies in neoliberal regimes that force flexible and temporary labour contracts, in contrast to the ‘certainties’ of welfare state labour markets and social arrangements. ICTs recently introduced in European states, such as biometric analysis tools and computer software and networks used to harmonize border entry across EU member states, can create an impediment to legal status and increase the surveillance and exclusion of others, but at the same time ICTs are vital to a forced migrant’s sense of security and wellbeing.

Muography is an imaging technique based on the measurement of absorption profiles for muons as they pass through rocks and earth. Muons are produced in the interactions of high-energy cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere. The technique is conceptually similar to usual X-ray radiography, but with extended capabilities of investigating over much larger thicknesses of matter thanks to the penetrating power of high-energy muons. Over the centuries a complex system of cavities has been excavated in the yellow tuff of Mt. Echia, the site of the earliest settlement of the city of Naples in the 8th century BC. A new generation muon detector designed by us, was installed under a total rock overburden of about 40 metres. A 26 days pilot run provided about 14 millions of muon events. A comparison of the measured and expected muon fluxes improved the knowledge of the average rock density. The observation of known cavities proved the validity of the muographic technique. Hints on the existence of a so far unknown cavity was obtained. The success of the investigation reported here demonstrates the substantial progress of muography in underground imaging and is likely to open new avenues for its widespread utilisation.

暂无摘要（点击查看原文获取完整内容）

IN THE control of the concentration of blood cholesterol the diet clearly has a marked and ubiquitous effect, but the picture differs in various species. Man does not compare with the rabbit and the chick in sensitivity to exogenous cholesterol, but his response to total fats in the diet appears to be greater.* Obviously, quantitative information on the effect of the diet on the blood cholesterol level in man must be sought from man himself. Experiments on this problem in man generally have several defects. The studies reported so far have largely ignored the important factor of age⁷and have been limited to a few weeks or months of drastic change from previous lifelong subsistence on the relatively high-fat diet that is almost universally used in the United States at the present time. The present paper reports findings on clinically healthy men in Naples, where the habitual diet, like

Delille Gérard. Famille et propriété dans le royaume de Naples (XVe-XIXe siècle) Rome : Ecole française de Rome, 1985. 508 p. (Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome, 259)