To examine how organizations assess their innovation readiness (IR) maturity using the Maastricht Innovation Readiness Approach (MIRA) Questionnaire. Cross-sectional study in 21 Dutch long-term care organizations. Health care professionals with insight into their organization's IR completed the questionnaire, including those in care, management, human resource management, communication, and client representation. Data were collected using the MIRA Questionnaire, based on the IR framework, containing 4 domains: strategic direction, organization of innovation, leadership for innovation, and learning climate. The response options include 5 IR positions: "not," "informal," "occasionally," "consistently," and "optimally," reflecting a progression in IR maturity and a "no insight" position. The MIRA Questionnaire was completed by 409 participants in 21 long-term care organizations. Across nearly all (n = 20) organizations, "consistently" was most frequently selected (mean [after which is M] = #21, 38%), particularly within the "strategic direction" domain (M = #21, 43%). In the "learning environment" domain, however, the "not" and "informal" positions were most frequently chosen (M = #21, 34%), suggesting that these factors were either not implemented or put in practice or only implemented without formalization. Questions about the active involvement of managers and intended end users (clients and family members) received more frequent responses in the "not and informal" positions (M = #21, 47%, 21%) and fewer responses in the "occasionally, consistently, and optimally" positions (M = #21, 25%, 59%). The main findings indicate that most health care organizations' attention goes to strategy and organizing for innovation but less to leadership and the learning climate. This might indicate a temporal order in organizing the IR factors. Improving IR requires balanced attention to all factors of the IR framework. MIRA can support organizations by identifying specific steps to improve IR. Additional research is necessary to longitudinally track whether and how organizations translate MIRA use into actions that improve their IR. Policymakers can utilize these findings to develop sector-wide programs that promote learning for sustainable IR.
Novel goose astrovirus (NGAstV) and goose circovirus (GoCV) are two major pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in goslings, causing substantial economic losses to the goose farming industry. In this study, two duplex multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) assays were developed for the simultaneous detection of NGAstV and GoCV, and the specificity and sensitivity of these detection methods were evaluated. Both MIRA assays demonstrated high specificity for NGAstV and GoCV, with no cross-reactivity observed with six waterfowl pathogens, including duck enteritis virus, goose parvovirus, fowl adenovirus serotype 4, H9 subtype avian influenza virus, Muscovy duck reovirus and duck Tembusu virus. The basic duplex MIRA assay completed amplification within 25 min under a constant temperature of 25 °C, with minimum detection limits of 1 × 102 copies/µL for NGAstV and 1 × 103 copies/µL for GoCV. In contrast, the duplex MIRA-qPCR assay reduced the reaction time to 20 min at 39 °C, and increased the sensitivity to 1 × 101 copies/µL for NGAstV and 1 × 10² copies/µL for GoCV. Fluorescence imaging technology enables differentiation of infection types based on color variations: mixed infections appear yellow, single NGAstV infections show green fluorescence, and single GoCV infections exhibit red fluorescence. In the clinical sample testing, the detection rates of the two pathogens were relatively high, with a mixed infection rate of up to 18%. This method significantly improves pathogen detection efficiency and serves as an effective tool for the rapid identification of NGAstV and GoCV.
In this study, a novel nucleic acid detection method based on multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) combined with the Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo) cleavage system (MIRA-PfAgo) was developed for the detection of Tembusu virus (TMUV), an important pathogen threatening the waterfowl industry. The method targets the highly conserved NS5 gene of TMUV. Target nucleic acids are rapidly enriched by MIRA under isothermal conditions at 39 °C, followed by PfAgo-mediated cleavage guided by sequence-specific guide DNA (gDNA), enabling visual detection through fluorescence signal output. Systematic optimization identified 0.5 μM gDNA, 1 μM PfAgo, and 5 mM Mn²⁺ as the optimal reaction conditions. The assay exhibited excellent specificity for TMUV, with no cross-reactivity observed with common waterfowl pathogens, including H9 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV-H9), duck enteritis virus (DEV), goose parvovirus (GPV), Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and duck circovirus (DuCV). The sensitivity reached as low as 10⁰ copies/μL. In the analysis of 21 clinical samples, the results of the MIRA-PfAgo assay were fully consistent with those obtained by RT-PCR. This method does not require complex thermal cycling equipment and combines high sensitivity, strong specificity, and operational simplicity, providing a reliable and practical technical tool for rapid on-site monitoring of TMUV.
Global warming has resulted in frequent droughts worldwide, significantly affecting plant normal growth and development. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), a copper-containing redox enzyme in plants, serves multiple functions. However, limited research has investigated the role of PPO in regulating plant drought adaptation. In this study, PmPPO was isolated from Prunus mira Koehne, the wild ancestor of cultivated peaches, which is a rare tree species known for its high stress tolerance under extreme conditions. Our results indicated that PmPPO was preferentially expressed in young roots, with its expression significantly induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of PmPPO in plants demonstrated enhanced tolerance to drought stress. Under drought stress, transgenic plants exhibited increased antioxidant enzyme activity, improved reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, and reduced cellular damage compared to wild-type (WT). Moreover, PmPPO overexpression facilitated anthocyanin accumulation by regulating the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis following drought treatment. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and Luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assays confirmed interactions between PmPPO and both PmRad23d and PmRGLG2. These findings introduce new molecular targets for genetic manipulation in peach germplasm improvement and present potential candidate genes for screening stress tolerance through molecular breeding.
Given the continuous threat posed by emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases worldwide, a rapid, sensitive, and practical molecular detection technology is urgently required for timely point-of-care (POC) diagnosis. Although the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) based technologies exhibit high sensitivity and specificity compared with traditional pathogen detection methods, they are not applicable for POC detection scenarios. Based on the photocontrolled principle, this study established a universal photoactivation strategy for LbCas12a by modifying four sites in the repeat region of LbCas12a crRNA with the photocleavable protecting group 6-nitropiperonyloxymethyl (NPOM). This strategy was integrated with multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) to develop a photocontrolled one-pot rapid detection method for monkeypox virus (MPXV), termed the temporally controlled MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a (TC-MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a) assay. The TC-MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay exhibited a 100-fold improvement in detection sensitivity over the conventional one-step assay, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.9 copies per reaction, which was comparable to stepwise detection assay. The entire assay can be completed within 40 min, faster than the widely used qPCR. In clinical sample detection, this method showed good consistency with qPCR, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.980 (P < 0.001), a sensitivity of 98.4%, and a specificity of 100%. This method effectively avoids amplicon contamination while maintaining high sensitivity, and exhibits excellent universality and expandability. It enables detection of other pathogens simply by modifying the spacer sequence of crRNA, providing a novel technical approach and research perspective for POC detection of MPXV and other pathogens.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two plaque disclosing agents on the color stability of four different restorative materials. Twenty disc-shaped specimens (8 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) were prepared for each material: Z250 (3M ESPE), Charisma Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer), Estelite Universal Flow Medium (Tokuyama Dental Corporation Inc.), and Beautifil II (Shofu Inc.). Baseline color measurements were conducted using the VITA Easyshade Compact after numbering the specimens and immersing them in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Two plaque disclosing agents were applied to the specimens: Mira-2-Ton (Hager & Werken) to 10 specimens and ProPind plaque indicator gel (Promida Co.), containing erythrosin dye, to the remaining 10 specimens. Ten seconds after the application, each specimen was rinsed under running water for 30 seconds and air-dried. Color changes in the specimens were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05). The color changes were perceptible (ΔE00 > 0.8) in all experimental groups. Clinically unacceptable color changes (ΔE00 >1.8) were observed in all groups following Mira-2-Ton application, with Charisma Diamond exhibiting the highest color change (7.18 ± 2.65) and Z250 the lowest (2.98 ± 1.13). In contrast, all groups stained with ProPind gel showed clinically acceptable color changes (ΔE00 <1.8), with no statistically significant differences among materials (p>0.05). Plaque disclosing agents can significantly impact the color stability of restorative materials. Understanding the chemical composition of plaque disclosing agents is essential for clinicians to ensure the long term aesthetic stability of restorative materials. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to assess the underlying mechanisms of discoloration caused by disclosing agents.
Large language models (LLMs) show great potential for clinical decision-making, yet most applications remain narrow, task-specific chat tools rather than systems integrated into clinical workflows1,2. However, building physician copilots will require models that operate within the electronic health record (EHR), with governed access to patient data and the ability to initiate permitted EHR actions within defined safety constraints. Yet it remains unproven whether such a system can manage patient cases with physician-level performance. Here we show that MIRA (Medical Intelligence for Reasoning and Action), an autonomous artificial intelligence agent operating in a sandboxed EHR environment, can navigate a large clinical action space to obtain patient histories; order and interpret laboratory, imaging and microbiology tests; generate differential diagnoses; and formulate treatment plans such as prescribing medications, scheduling surgical procedures and planning admissions. In simulations on real patient cases spanning multiple diagnoses, MIRA outperformed physicians in diagnostic accuracy and made guideline-concordant, medication-safe and appropriate admission decisions. Compared with previous LLM applications that addressed isolated subtasks or provided free-text advice, these results suggest that an EHR-integrated artificial intelligence agent can turn clinical intent into structured, actionable EHR operations, possibly making it a more effective decision-support partner for physicians. Further work is needed to establish generalization, safety and governance through prospective, real-world studies.
In recent years, the detection rates of bovine astrovirus (BoAstV) and bovine norovirus (BNoV) in Chinese farms have continued to rise, resulting in significant economic losses to the livestock industry. To meet the need for rapid on-site screening, this study established a dual nucleic acid detection system capable of simultaneously detecting BoAstV and BNoV using the multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification technology. Its specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability were further validated using clinical samples. The experimental results showed that the established MIRA method specifically amplified the target nucleic acids of BoAstV and BNoV, while exhibiting no cross-reaction with other common diarrhea-associated pathogens, such as bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine coronavirus, indicating good specificity. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with detection limits of 920 copies/μL for BoAstV and 6,100 copies/μL for BNoV. In the repeatability tests, all the coefficients of variation were below 10%, confirming the high stability of the method. In clinical sample testing, the method showed strong agreement with conventional dye-based quantitative PCR results (Kappa value = 0.887), while offering shorter detection time and higher detection rates. In summary, the detection method established in this study demonstrated high sensitivity, strong specificity, and a short turnaround time, making it suitable for the rapid detection of bovine astrovirus and bovine norovirus in clinical samples of cattle.
Previous efforts to link Palaeolithic cultural records to specific populations through DNA analysis have focused on materials from archaeological floor deposits such as bones, sediments, and artefacts. In this study, we explore whether rock art, a spatially distinct expression of human activity, can also preserve DNA traces from its creators. We analyse DNA preservation in pigment samples collected in and around 24 rock art panels from 11 caves across Spain and Portugal, including simple marks (from nine sites), hand stencils (Maltravieso Cave, Extremadura, Spain), and figurative paintings (Cave of Altamira, Cantabria, Spain). We recover traces of ancient human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, unaccompanied by faunal DNA, from a pigmented calcite crust at Escoural Cave (Portugal), as well as from an unpigmented cave wall sample from the same site. The absence of faunal DNA in both samples suggests direct DNA deposition through human contact. In contrast, three additional unpigmented samples, from Escoural and Covarón Cave (Asturias, Spain), yielded mixtures of human and faunal DNA, suggesting indirect deposition. Although our results do not conclusively link ancient human DNA preservation to the generation of cave art, we show that traces of human DNA can persist on cave walls for thousands of years.
From preclinical promise to clinical translation in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Robust preclinical evidence supports a range of biologic therapies, with consistent improvements in imaging, extracellular matrix composition, inflammation, and behavior. However, a substantial translational gap persists, driven by key challenges including the discordance between IDD and pain, patient heterogeneity, inadequate phenotyping, placebo effects, limitations of preclinical models, hostile disc microenvironment, and practical/clinical trial barriers. A precision medicine framework is crucial to overcome these limitations, based on improved patient stratification, definition of molecular and clinical endotypes linked to targeted therapies, integration of advanced biomarkers, development of more sensitive outcome measures, and optimization of clinical trial design, ultimately aiming to enable successful clinical translation. Biologic therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) have shown strong preclinical promise, yet clinical translation for discogenic low back pain (LBP) remains limited. This gap reflects the inconsistent relationship between degeneration and pain, compounded by heterogeneous patient populations, insufficient phenotyping, and inadequate selection of truly discogenic LBP patients in current trials. Emerging evidence indicates that IDD and LBP comprise distinct biological endotypes, requiring matched therapeutic strategies, or “theratypes”, rather than uniform approaches. In this narrative review, we critically examined the current evidence on biologic therapies for IDD, focusing on the translational gap between preclinical success and clinical outcomes. We analyzed key methodological and biological limitations, including patient heterogeneity, pain misclassification, inadequate phenotyping, and suboptimal trial design. Additionally, we reviewed emerging concepts such as disease phenotyping, mechanism‐based patient selection, and stage‐adapted therapeutic approaches. Multiple barriers hinder clinical translation of biologic therapies for IDD, including incomplete understanding of disc biology, limited intrinsic regenerative capacity, and a hostile tissue microenvironment. Preclinical models frequently fail to replicate the complexity of human pathology and pain, while clinical trials rely heavily on subjective outcomes and are often confounded by strong placebo effects. Furthermore, regulatory, logistical, and economic challenges limit widespread clinical adoption. Progress in the field will require a shift toward precision medicine approaches to align therapies with specific endotypes, pain phenotypes, and stages of IDD. Greater standardization, transparency, and community‐wide reporting practices are also essential to improve reproducibility. Advancing biologic therapies for IDD will depend on the development of more precise and biologically informed clinical strategies. Improved patient stratification, better alignment between therapeutic mechanisms and disease biology, and the adoption of standardized and clinically meaningful outcome measures are critical. Despite recent progress, key pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood, underscoring the need for rigorous and multidisciplinary research efforts.
Accurate quantification of carbohydrates in dairy products is essential for regulatory compliance and process control. Conventional chromatographic and colorimetric techniques, although reliable, are often limited by long analysis times, complex sample preparation, and high operational costs. In this study, data-driven automated chemometric FTIR analysis developed in the Google Colab computational environment was evaluated as an alternative for carbohydrate quantification in milk powder. The approach is based on automated spectral preprocessing by baseline correction, Savitzky-Golay smoothing, and normalization, feature extraction within the 899-955 cm-1 region associated with lactose, glucose, and galactose, and univariate regression analysis. Calibration was performed using mixtures of solely standards in an inert matrix (KBr), ranging from 0% to 100%, and validated against high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The FTIR approach demonstrated strong analytical performance for carbohydrate quantification, particularly for lactose, with a coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 0.98, accuracy values of 114.95%, and high precision (%RSD < 0.1), comparable to reference methods under controlled conditions. It was observed that during the analysis of commercial milk powder samples, lactose quantification remained accurate; however, matrix effects and spectral overlap influenced glucose quantitative performance in the presence of starch. These results indicate that FTIR spectroscopy combined with automated spectral processing is better suited as a rapid screening and decision-support tool for dairy quality control. Furthermore, the chemically informed preprocessing strategy established in this study provides an analytical foundation for the future development of advanced predictive models for multicomponent food analysis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Automated data-processing-assisted FTIR spectroscopy provides a rapid, non-destructive approach for monitoring carbohydrate content in milk powder with minimal sample preparation. This method enables faster decision-making in quality control compared to conventional techniques and can be implemented as a routine screening tool in dairy processing environments. It is particularly useful for verifying product consistency and supporting process monitoring, while complementing established analytical methods.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary composition, physical activity, and body mass index on gallbladder recovery time following food consumption and to identify alternative scan preparation strategies for patients unable to fast before abdominal ultrasound. A quasi-experimental study involving 26 participants was conducted using four ultrasound sessions under different conditions: consumption of each dietary item with and without moderate physical activity. Gallbladder wall thickness and volume were measured hourly following standardised ultrasound protocols. Measurement reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient on 30 randomly selected scans reviewed by two independent observers. Recovery time significantly varied among meal types (χ²(2) = 18.42, p < .001), with wholemeal bread yielding the fastest and yogurt the slowest recovery. Physical activity significantly enhanced wall recovery (p = 0.002) but did not affect volume (p = 0.317). Body mass index showed no significant effect. Moderate and excellent intraclass correlation coefficients were achieved for gallbladder wall thickness (0.52) and volume (0.88), respectively. Wholemeal bread and postprandial physical activity serve as effective alternatives for ultrasound preparation when assessing gallbladder wall recovery. These findings promote patient-specific ultrasound protocols to improve diagnostic efficiency and comfort.
Correction for 'Push-pull derivatives based on CF3-substituted pyrimidines as solvatofluorochromic materials for OLEDs' by L. I. Valiulina et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2026, https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cp01376g.
Informal caregivers play a crucial role in medication safety and daily care at home, yet they often lack training and support. Caregiving errors in home settings remain under-recognised and can compromise patient safety. To evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention in reducing caregiving and medication-related errors among informal caregivers. A randomised controlled psychoeducational intervention was conducted in Spain with 141 informal caregivers of highly dependent individuals on multiple medications. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (N = 71) or control group (N = 70). The intervention included two participatory sessions combining theoretical content and practical training on safe care and medication management. Outcomes included self-reported errors, video-based error recognition, and emotional burden of caregiving tasks. Data were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. The experimental group showed a significant reduction in self-reported errors (from 0.84 to 0.34 errors per caregiver; p < 0.001), while errors increased in the control group. The odds of reporting no errors post-intervention were significantly higher in the intervention group (OR = 4.05). Error recognition improved in 67.6% of participants (Cohen's d = 0.55). Emotional burden declined significantly, and perceived caregiving competence remained high, with nearly all participants reporting improved task performance and satisfaction. A brief psychoeducational intervention can enhance home care safety and caregiver confidence. Supporting informal caregivers is key to preventing avoidable harm and ensuring safer care for individuals with chronic and complex conditions.Trial Registration Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05247801, first registered on 18/02/2022.
In this study, we developed ML algorithms to predict fragility fractures, considering the occurrence of fractures at different skeletal sites, using the data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) with participants aged 50 years or older. We considered 73 baseline features, and the outcome was the first incidence of fracture at any of the following sites: hip, spine, pelvis, ribs, shoulder, and forearm. The ML algorithms were evaluated in terms of the ROC_AUC. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was performed to identify the important features and to investigate the interaction among these features. In total, 7753 subjects were included in the study. Approximately 72% were female, and the average age was 67 years. We found that the XGBoost algorithm had a slightly better ROC_AUC (0.70; 95% CI 0.67, 0.73). From the SHAP analysis, we found that BMD was the most important feature and the total hip BMD interacted the most with femoral neck BMD. This study demonstrated that XGBoost was a marginally superior ML algorithm for predicting fragility fractures. In addition, we identified important features that contribute to the prediction of fragility fractures. Intervention focusing on these features will help to prevent the incidence of these fractures.
Understanding wildlife responses to both anthropogenic pressures and natural environmental gradients requires large-scale and standardized surveys across broad spatial extents, enabling the identification of general patterns to assist tailored management strategies. Here, we aimed to identify the main environmental drivers shaping the occupancy patterns of widespread medium-sized mammals across multiple contrasting regions to support broad-scale inference on species-environment relationships. Using a well-replicated camera-trap dataset from 15 study areas distributed across three macrobioclimatic regions in mainland Portugal, we assessed how species occupancy was influenced by land-use composition and configuration, elevation, human footprint, seasonality, prey availability and hunting regimes, while accounting for spatial dependencies through nested random effects. Hierarchical modelling revealed that species detectability was weakly affected by covariates, whereas occupancy was primarily associated with broad-scale patterns of land-use composition and configuration, with additional effects of elevation for some species. In contrast, human footprint, hunting regimes and seasonality showed little or no detectable influence on occupancy across species at the broad spatial scale considered. Responses to land-use patterns differed among taxa, with lagomorphs showing strong but contrasting occupancy patterns along gradients of agricultural habitat structure, and carnivores exhibiting weaker and more variable responses associated with landscape heterogeneity. Overall, our results revealed consistent species-specific effects of land-use composition and configuration on broad-scale occupancy patterns of medium-sized mammals. These findings demonstrate the value of large-scale monitoring frameworks for moving beyond site-specific inference and informing transferable conservation strategies guided by land-use management across multiple regions and environmental contexts.
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is associated with bacterial dysbiosis, particularly in patients with immune dysregulation, but the contribution of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) remains poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional, multi-compartment study in 41 adults with CVID (24 with immune dysregulation, dCVID; 17 with infectious-only manifestations, iCVID) and 15 matched healthy controls. Saliva, sputum and stool samples were analyzed using ITS1 amplicon sequencing with amplicon sequence variant-based taxonomic assignment, followed by α/β-diversity analyses, multivariate modeling, differential abundance testing and machine learning approaches for biomarker identification. Across all three niches, mycobiome composition differed significantly between CVID and controls, whereas dCVID and iCVID did not separate. Fungal richness and evenness were reduced in CVID, most prominently in respiratory and oral samples. ANCOM-BC revealed a reproducible "Candida-skewed" configuration in both phenotypes, with marked enrichment of Candida albicans in sputum, stool and saliva, accompanied by increased abundance of other opportunistic yeasts such as Nakaseomyces glabratus. In contrast, environmental or putatively commensal taxa were consistently depleted. Random forest models based on fungal profiles accurately discriminated CVID from controls, with AUC up to 0.96 (95% CI 0.91-0.99) in saliva and 0.94 (95% CI 0.88-0.99) in stool, whereas classification of dCVID versus iCVID was modest. Together, these findings provide the first integrated view of mycobiome alterations across multiple ecological niches in CVID, highlighting consistent enrichment of opportunistic yeasts over commensals. The expansion of C. albicans supports a potential pathobiont role, and the strong discriminatory performance of fungal signatures underscores their promise as non-invasive biomarkers in this immunodeficiency.
Improving people's well-being is one of the most important goals of public policy, as well as one of the tasks of psychology as an applied branch of knowledge. To effectively implement these tasks, it is necessary to clearly understand what the well-being of people of different ages consists of. The study of the well-being of the elderly and senile people is especially relevant due to the entry of society into the phase of super-aging, also due to the fact that psychology goes beyond the ideas of aging as regression and decline. Analysis of the emotional component of the image of well-being in elderly and senile people allows us to identify the most subjectively significant components of well-being. Objective - to identify the features of the emotional component of the image of well-being in the perceptions of elderly and senile people. The study involved 264 elderly and senile people. The data were collected using the method of limited associations using the following instructions: provide 9 associations for the word «well-being» (3 words in the form of a verb, noun, adjective). The resulting associations were examined through the prism of the thesaurus of emotive vocabulary by L.G.Babenko. As a result, the most frequent associations were identified, from which only associates related to emotive vocabulary were subsequently selected. Comparison of older and younger people shows that the most frequent associations of emotive vocabulary are similar. Differences are found in less frequent associations. Semantic groups of associations are unique to elderly and senile people: successful, kindness, cheerful, live, vigorous, communicate. Emotive vocabulary in the thesaurus of elderly and senile people is less represented than in young people, which indicates a lower intensity of needs. The features of the emotional component of the image of well-being, manifested in the associations of elderly and senile people, are described. The emotional component of the image of elderly people is represented mainly by positive emotions. The emotions of the core zone of the image are happiness, joy, calm; the emotions of the middle zone are friendship, love, attraction; the emotions of the peripheral zone of the image are kindness and anxiety. Повышение благополучия людей является одной из важнейших целей государственной политики, а также одной из задач психологии как прикладной отрасли знания. Для эффективной реализации этих задач необходимо ясно понимать, в чем состоит благополучие людей разного возраста. Исследование благополучия у людей пожилого и старческого возраста особенно актуально в силу вхождения общества в фазу сверхстарения, а также в силу того, что психология выходит за пределы представлений о старении как о регрессии и упадке. Анализ эмоциональной составляющей образа благополучия у людей пожилого и старческого возраста позволяет выделить наиболее субъективно значимые компоненты благополучия. Цель работы — выявить особенности эмоциональной составляющей образа благополучия в представлениях людей пожилого и старческого возраста. В исследовании участвовали 244 человека пожилого и старческого возраста. Был применен метод ограниченных ассоциаций по инструкции — привести девять ассоциаций на слово «благополучие» (по три слова в форме глагола, существительного, прилагательного). Полученные ассоциации рассматривали через призму тезауруса эмотивной лексики Л.Г.Бабенко. В результате были выделены наиболее частотные ассоциации, среди которых впоследствии были отобраны только ассоциаты, относящиеся к эмотивной лексике. Сравнение людей пожилого и старческого возраста и молодых людей показывает, что наиболее частотные ассоциации эмотивной лексики у них сходны. Различия обнаруживаются в менее частотных ассоциациях. Уникальными для людей пожилого и старческого возраста являются семантические группы ассоциаций: успешный, доброта, веселый, жить, бодрый, общаться. Эмотивная лексика в тезаурусе людей пожилого и старческого возраста представлена меньше, чем у молодежи, что, возможно, указывает на меньшую напряженность потребностей. Эмоциональная составляющая образа благополучия у людей пожилого и старческого возраста представлена преимущественно положительными эмоциями. В качестве эмоций ядерной зоны образа благополучия выступают счастье, радость, спокойствие; средней зоны — дружба, любовь, влечение; периферийной зоны — доброта и беспокойство.
Food waste generation has reached 1.3 billion tons annually, contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions and placing considerable strain on conventional waste management systems. Though pyrolysis-mediated conversion of food waste to biochar is a suitable thermochemical approach within circular economy frameworks, a rigorous, quantitative mapping of this research domain has been lacking. This study bridges this gap by presenting the first bibliometric review with an in-depth qualitative synthesis. A systematic literature search was conducted using the Scopus database, guided by the PRISMA framework, and analyzed using Bibliometrix (RStudio) and VOSviewer. A total of 543 publications from 2010 to 2025 were examined to map publication trends, collaboration networks, and thematic structures. The findings show an exponential growth in research output, with an annual growth rate of 29.08% and strong international collaboration (34.62%). China, the United States, and South Korea are the major contributors. However, contributions from Sub-Saharan Africa remain limited. Thematically, the research domain is focused on production optimization, environmental remediation (e.g., heavy-metal and pollutant adsorption), and agricultural applications (e.g., soil amendment). Feedstock characteristics exerted a stronger influence on biochar performance than pyrolysis conditions. Emerging areas include co-pyrolysis, machine learning optimization, and multifunctional biochar composites. The study highlights critical knowledge gaps in pore formation mechanisms, contaminant-selective adsorption, and regional research disparities. The findings provide actionable insights for researchers to prioritize future studies, for policymakers to design circular-economy strategies, and for industry stakeholders to optimize scalable biochar production and application pathways.