The effects of surface functionalization and metal ordering on the structural, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of two-dimensional transition metal carbide MXenes remain insufficiently understood, particularly for double-metal systems. Nb2TaC2 and Ta2NbC2 monolayers, in bare and oxygen-functionalized forms, are studied using density functional theory to determine how these factors affect lithium adsorption, diffusion, and storage performance. Oxygen functionalization increases in-plane stiffness (Young's modulus up to 384.7 N/m) and stabilizes Poisson's ratios, while lithium preferentially adsorbs at metallic sites on bare MXenes and at carbon sites on O-functionalized surfaces, with adsorption energies reaching -3.70 eV. Nudged elastic band calculations show that oxygen functionalization slightly increases diffusion barriers, from 0.05 to 0.21 eV for Nb2TaC2 and from 0.06 to 0.24 eV for Ta2NbC2, while fast Li-ion mobility is maintained. Open-circuit voltage analysis indicates average voltages of 0.74 to 0.95 V with capacities up to 412 mAh/g. These results provide design guidelines for tuning surface chemistry and metal ordering in double-metal MXene anodes for Li-ion batteries.
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening pathology characterized by the progressive delamination of adjacent lamellar units within the aortic media. Because this internal damage propagates predominantly along the radial direction of the arterial wall, radial tensile testing has emerged as a particularly relevant experimental configuration to reproduce the mechanical conditions associated with dissection. Several experimental studies have reported the mechanical response of arterial tissues under radial tension, highlighting pronounced viscoelasticity, fluid-driven effects, and progressive damage. However, despite these advances, a coherent constitutive framework capable of reproducing the full mechanical response of arterial tissue subjected to radial tensile loading is still lacking. In this study, we propose a computational model specifically designed to describe arterial tissue behavior under radial tensile testing. The model combines a biphasic formulation, accounting for fluid-solid interactions, with a reactive viscoelastic damage framework to capture time-dependent response and progressive mechanical degradation. Implemented within the FEBio environment, the model is calibrated using experimental radial tensile tests on aortic tissue. The proposed formulation accurately reproduces key experimental features, including stress relaxation, nonlinear stiffening, and damage progression. These results demonstrate that the model provides a physically consistent description of arterial tissue behavior under radial tension and represents a relevant tool for investigating the mechanical mechanisms preceding aortic dissection.
Ecdysone, the major steroid hormone in insects, coordinates developmental progression by coupling systemic hormonal pulses to tissue-specific cellular responses. In this review, we explore its multifaceted roles in regulating organ growth and patterning, highlighting how a single hormone can elicit diverse - and sometimes opposing - outcomes depending on cell type, developmental stage, and hormone concentration. These context-dependent responses are shaped by cell-specific chromatin landscapes, stage-specific transcription factors, and dynamic changes in cellular competence over time, ensuring that successive ecdysone pulses trigger appropriate developmental programs across tissues and life stages. Understanding how such precise spatial and temporal control is achieved remains a central and fascinating question, providing key insight into how a single hormonal signal can orchestrate the remarkable complexity of animal development.
Empowering children and young people (CYP) to actively participate in research development is essential to ensure impactful outcomes. Meaningful involvement helps researchers to pose relevant questions, design acceptable methodologies, and disseminate findings effectively. However, the inclusion of CYP in research, particularly in paediatric intensive care (PIC), is rarely reported. This is partly due to the challenging PIC environment, and most patient and public involvement and engagement activities (PPIE) focus only on the parents' experience and perspective. The Intensive-Share group was established in Scotland in 2022 to facilitate PPIE activity in PIC research. The group includes family members with a range of lived experiences with the youngest member aged 7 years. They meet regularly to contribute to various aspects of research including research design, study materials and procedures, and public engagement. This article describes the co-production approach adopted in the 'What is data?' Project, which was co-created with researchers based on an idea from the Intensive-Share group. The project aimed to co-develop a short-animated video to explain healthcare data research to CYP in an engaging and accessible format. CYP meaningfully participated in all stages of the project and were integral to its success. Initial evaluations indicated the animation was well-received by families and they self-reported improved understanding of and willingness to participate in research. Co-production with CYP can be resource-intensive and challenging, but this project demonstrated it was feasible and incredibly valuable. Meaningful and authentic involvement challenged the research teams assumptions on inclusive language and the nature and level of involvement CYP preferred. Adopting a broader approach to PPIE in PIC research to include paediatric patients and siblings, perhaps on a national level, could facilitate similar initiatives in research communication and co-production. The open-source animated video is available as a resource to the wider research community to aid communication about paediatric healthcare data research. Actively involving children and young people (CYP) in research development is essential for research to have an impact. CYP can help ensure communication about research is understandable, engaging and addresses what is important to them. However, there are very few reports of involving CYP in developing research information, particularly in paediatric intensive care (PIC). Most examples focus on parents, not on the valuable perspectives of paediatric patients and their siblings. To address this, the Intensive-Share group was established in Scotland in 2022. The group includes families with a range of experiences of PIC. Members meet regularly to contribute to various aspects of research development including project questions, the way projects are carried out (methodology), and sharing research findings with the public. This article shares experiences from the ‘What is data?’ Project which was created through a partnership between researchers and the Intensive-Share group. The project took a co-production approach to develop a short-animated video to help CYP understand how healthcare data is used for research. CYP had important roles in all stages of the project, particularly in ensuring the language in the animation was accessible and relevant. The animation was well-received by families and they reported it improved their understanding of healthcare data research. The project underscores the value of involving CYP in research communication, not just parents, and research teams would benefit from resources to support such initiatives. The animation is an open-source resource to aid researchers communicating with families about healthcare data research.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) represent one of the most common and burdensome manifestations. No approved pharmacological treatment exists. Preclinical studies are essential to evaluate candidate therapies, but reliable outcome and endpoint measures for cNFs in animal models remain limited. We developed and validated a standardized methodology to assess drug efficacy in the Prss56Cre Nf1-KO mouse model which recapitulates key features of cNFs. In this model, Nf1 inactivation and tdTomato (Tom) reporter expression were specifically targeted to Schwann cells (SCs) responsible for cNF development. This approach enables real-time monitoring, isolation, and manipulation of tumor SCs at any time. We defined macroscopic (tumor count, total Tom+ fluorescent surface area, fluorescence intensity) and microscopic (cell-type composition defined by immunolabeling with a panel of specific markers, area quantification) endpoints, developed dedicated ImageJ scripts for automated image analysis, and compared the results with those obtained using the conventional manual method. Both automated measurements showed excellent reproducibility (ICC = 1) and strong correlation with manual analysis (Spearman's coefficient > 0.90), while significantly reducing analysis time (up to 100-fold faster). Bland-Altman analyses confirmed the absence of systematic bias compared with manual scoring. The standardized image naming and metadata integration further facilitated data consolidation and statistical analysis. This validated approach provides a reliable, reproducible, and time-efficient framework for evaluating drug effects on cNFs in preclinical studies. It establishes a foundation for robust efficacy testing of candidate therapies, facilitates cross-study comparability, and accelerates therapeutic development and clinical translation.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rising public health issue that compromises human, animal and environmental health. This study assessed AMR in the swine production chain in Costa Rica using commensal Escherichia coli as an indicator microorganism. Sampling of feces, carcass and lymphoid tissue at exporting swine abattoirs yielded 269 presumed E. coli isolates identified by lactose-positive growth on MacConkey agar and indole production. A subset of isolates (n=40) was confirmed as E. coli by VITEK® 2 GN testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 18 antibiotics was performed using the antibiotic disk agar diffusion method in 242 recovered isolates, and resistance to all antimicrobial classes evaluated was detected. The highest resistance levels were observed for ampicillin, cefazolin and chloramphenicol, and notable resistance to quinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and β-lactam combination agents. Resistance to clinically-important drugs including ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam and imipenem was observed, as well as selected β-lactamase genes. Overall, 50 distinct AMR profiles were identified, and more than half of the isolates displayed multidrug-resistance. A subset of isolates (n=30) underwent uidA PCR and ERIC-PCR analysis, revealing evidence of fecal and cross-contamination as plausible routes for dissemination of resistant bacteria during slaughter. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by VITEK®2 automated system and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 27 isolates further characterized phenotype-genotype concordance, AMR determinants, virulence factors, serotypes and sequence types of public health relevance. These findings provide insight into current AMR trends in the Costa Rican swine production system and highlight the role of abattoir-level contamination in AMR transmission, supporting targeted interventions to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of AMR along the pork production chain.
In the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Rheumatology Associations 2010 classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) are assigned the same weight, although ACPA have proven more specific than RF. We aimed to refine the serological weight factors for RA classification. Diagnostic samples from 398 patients with RA and 448 diseased controls (DC) were evaluated with RF and ACPA assays from five different manufacturers. A grid search was conducted across all possible integer score pairs for RF and ACPA to identify the weighting combination that optimised the specificity of RA classification. This combination was applied in a refined scoring system (RSS) for three confirmatory cohorts comprising, respectively, 67, 157 and 132 patients with RA and 441, 153 and 193 DC. In the investigative cohort, the optimal combination of weighting scores was characterised by higher scores for ACPA, higher antibody levels and double RF/ACPA positivity.Applying the optimal combination of weighting scores decreased misclassification compared with the 2010 RA classification criteria, minimally affecting sensitivity. For seropositive patients, RSS significantly lowered misclassification from 38.3-55.8% to 15.0-26.9%.The improved specificity of RSS (compared with the 2010 criteria) was validated in the confirmatory cohorts. Considering only seropositive patients, the RSS significantly decreased RA misclassification (8.6-36.8% vs 20.0-78.9%), minimally affecting the sensitivity (86.7-97.3% vs 86.7-96.0%). Serological weight factors for RA classification can be improved by taking into account the antibody type, the antibody levels and single or combined positivity. The application of an RSS reduced the number of RA misclassifications.
Children must feel seen, safe, and supported! Laura Gould, MS, joins host, Raisa Amiruddin, MBBS, to discuss the value of soft language, gentle validation, and impacts from giving children a voice in their own care. Discover how simple human connection transforms imaging suites into warm safe spaces for kids.
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Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in breast radiotherapy has seen limited uptake in routine care. Barriers to adoption include concerns regarding toxicity, dosimetry and low dose wash. There is a lack of modern data to address these concerns. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report on real-world outcomes from a single-class solution implementation of VMAT planned with knowledge-based planning (KBP). A retrospective review of all breast cancer patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy at Royal North Shore Hospital (Sydney, Australia) from June 2020 to June 2023 inclusive was undertaken. All patients were treated with a VMAT technique and planned with KBP. Prospectively collected dosimetry and toxicity data was collated. We identified 484 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria. Doses to constraints easily met international guidelines. For breast/chest-wall alone patients (n = 349), the median average heart dose was <2 Gy for standard fractionation (SF), <1.05 Gy for hypofractionated (HF) and <0.7 Gy for ultrahypofractionated (UHF) patients. The median average ipsilateral lung dose was <7.7 Gy for SF patients, <5.3 Gy for HF patients and <3.6 Gy for UHF patients. Nearly all patients (99%) achieved at least D95% ≥ 95% of the prescribed dose (TD) to the CTV primary. For acute toxicity, there were no clinician-reported high grade (Grade ≥ 3) toxicities and no pneumonitis recorded. This study demonstrates the technical feasibility, excellent dosimetry, and low clinician-reported acute toxicity of a standardised KBP-VMAT approach within a large, real-world cohort. Our approach easily met constraints set in recent international guidelines and randomised controlled trial protocols. While limited by its retrospective, single-arm nature and lack of long-term toxicity outcomes, this study adds to a growing body of literature on the use and outcomes of modern VMAT in breast radiotherapy.
Abortion is a common reproductive healthcare process that is often stigmatised. Research on abortion stigma has grown significantly since the last major review over a decade ago, and there is a pressing need for an updated, comprehensive systematic review. The purpose of this review is to examine the extent and subjective experiences of abortion stigma among those seeking an abortion in high-income countries. We aim to explore the theoretical conceptualisations of abortion stigma in relevant studies. We conducted a mixed-method systematic review following the JBI and PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, CINHAL, PsychINFO, LIVIVO, and the Cochrane Library were searched for peer-reviewed articles. Quantitative studies were summarised narratively. Qualitative studies were synthesised using the JBI meta-aggregative approach. We included 41 qualitative, nine quantitative, and three mixed methods studies. Most studies lacked a substantial theoretical conceptualisation of abortion stigma. Quantitative studies reported prevalence rates of perceived abortion stigma ranging from 37% to 60%, suggesting that stigma remains a common experience among abortion seekers. Findings also indicate associations between abortion stigma and various sociodemographic factors (e.g., religion, race, age), as well as adverse mental health outcomes. In the qualitative studies, people seeking abortion care reported experiencing and anticipating judgment from healthcare professionals, anti-abortion activists, and their close social circle. Their experiences also centered on the internalisation of shame and guilt. Some studies highlighted the mitigating effect of social support. Longitudinal and mixed methods approaches with consistent assessment would be useful to better understand the developmental pathways of abortion stigma. This understanding is necessary to provide individual and structural support for people seeking abortion care. Abortion is a common healthcare procedure, but it often faces stigma. Despite many recent studies on this topic, there hasn't been an updated overview since 2016. We reviewed 53 research articles to understand how and to what extent abortion stigma is experienced in high-income countries. Quantitative studies mainly looked at how common abortion stigma can be and how it relates to mental health and decision-making. Qualitative studies provided a more profound insight. They showed that people seeking abortions often feel judged by healthcare workers, anti-abortion activists, and their friends and family. Qualitative studies underline how people who seek an abortion feel ashamed and guilty. However, having support from loved ones could help lessen these feelings. In conclusion, we found that abortion is a stigmatised process. Future research should explore the support systems available to people seeking abortions. Understanding these supports can help improve structural-level care and ensure better assistance for people navigating abortion access.
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Upward migration of plant species is a widespread phenomenon in mountain ecosystems under current global warming. Mount Teide (Canary Islands) offers a unique opportunity to study it because of its harsh environment and longstanding botanical studies. Since 1800, current distribution of two endemic species of its summit-ecosystem has shifted very distinctly, more strongly in the case of the generalist Pterocephalus lasiospermus than in the case of the summit specialist Viola cheiranthifolia. In this study we compared the physiological and biochemical responses to environmental stresses (particularly high UV and visible radiation) at two elevations where they currently coexist (2300 and 3500 m). Both species showed different composition of UV-absorbing foliar compounds, but a similar high photosynthetic efficiency at elevated radiation, with no symptoms of photoinhibition even at high irradiance. At high elevation, V. cheiranthifolia showed higher chlorophyll content and remarkable carbon assimilation, with elevation-related changes in physiology but not in leaf mass area (LMA). By contrast, P. lasiospermus showed stress symptoms at higher elevation: higher photoprotection demand in terms of visible and UV radiation and a higher predawn-to-midday responsivity. These results reveal contrasting strategies for coping with extreme mountain environments: high specialization to summit conditions in the endemic violet and greater, but less effective, physiological plasticity in the recent colonizer.
Nerves and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have each been shown to regulate cancer progression directly. However, whether these cells interact to control tumor progression remains largely unknown. We show that in colorectal cancer (CRC), cholinergic stimulation induces CHRM3/Gq-dependent NTN1 secretion from CAFs, which in turn enhances intratumor cholinergic innervation. Within this feedforward loop, cholinergic stimulation promotes CRC growth directly through tumoral CHRM3/Gq-mediated YAP activation, while CAF-derived NTN1 promotes CRC growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like programs via UNC5B-PI3K/AKT signaling. Chemogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons or fibroblast activation of the M3 receptor/Gq promotes tumoral YAP and AKT signaling and CRC progression. Conversely, blocking CHRM3 or NTN1 suppresses these pathways and improves mouse survival. In human CRC, high NTN1 expression is associated with a mesenchymal-like subtype and poor patient outcomes. These findings suggest that the neuro-mesenchymal interaction is central to CRC progression and could be therapeutically targeted with a CHRM3 antagonist or NTN1-blocking antibody.
To reduce the impact of respiratory care on climate change, metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are being reformulated with low-global warming potential (GWP) propellants. Next-generation propellant hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-152a has >90% lower GWP than HFA-134a. As part of the safety evaluation for HFA-152a, mucociliary clearance (MCC), bronchoconstriction and safety were compared with HFA-134a. Two Phase 1, randomised, two-way crossover studies (NCT06506266/NCT06702462) were conducted. MCC study: healthy participants inhaled HFA-152a and HFA-134a in two 7-day sequences. MCC was quantified as area under radiolabelled particle retention time curve over 4 hours (AUC0-4h) after nebulised 99mTc sulphur colloid, following each propellant. Bronchoconstriction study: patients with mild asthma inhaled single doses of HFA-152a and HFA-134a. Non-inferiority of HFA-152a versus HFA-134a was defined as percent change in FEV1 (litres), 15 minutes post dose (95% confidence intervals [CI]: lower limit >-10%, upper limit >0%). Both studies assessed safety. In 22 healthy participants, the impact on MCC did not differ between HFA-134a and HFA-152a (AUC0-4h geometric mean ratio [90% CI]: 1.00 [0.99,1.01]). In 19 patients with mild asthma, neither HFA-152a nor HFA-134a induced bronchoconstriction (percent change in FEV1 at 15 minutes: -0.37% [HFA-152a] vs -0.60% [HFA-134a]); HFA-152a was non-inferior to HFA-134a (mean difference [95% CI]: 0.23% [-3.61,4.07]). Adverse event (AE) rates were low and similar for both propellants in both studies; all AEs were mild, with no serious AEs or deaths. HFA-152a and HFA-134a had almost identical effects on MCC, neither induced bronchoconstriction, supporting MDI reformulation with the low-GWP propellant HFA-152a.
Robotic surgery offers technical advantages for minimally invasive procedures, but standardized clinical training pathways for junior surgeons remain poorly defined. This prospective study evaluated the feasibility and safety of integrating supervised robotic training into routine clinical practice and explored early operative performance patterns. Consecutive patients undergoing elective robotic cholecystectomy or transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair between May 2025 and March 2026 were prospectively included in a structured supervised robotic training program. Procedures were performed by three junior surgeons after simulations and bedside robotic experience under direct senior supervision. Primary outcomes included perioperative safety and console takeover rates. Secondary outcomes included operative time and cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. A total of 126 patients were included: 103 cholecystectomies and 23 TAPP repairs. In the cholecystectomy cohort, mean operative time was 68.1 ± 18.6 min. No intraoperative complications, conversions, surgery-related postoperative complications, or 90-day mortality occurred. Console takeover occurred in 3 cases (2.9%), corresponding to autonomous completion in 97.1% of procedures. Median hospital stay was 1 day. CUSUM analysis showed heterogeneous operative performance trajectories across junior surgeons, with progressive approximation toward the predefined benchmark. TAPP repair was completed safely without adverse events. Robotic cholecystectomy appears to be a feasible and safe model for total practice-oriented training under structured supervision. Performance optimization and alignment with senior-level efficiency are safely achieved during supervised console exposure. Robotic TAPP repair showed exploratory feasibility as an adjunct training procedure.
The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is an inflammation-based biomarker associated with outcomes to immunotherapy across several tumor types. Its prognostic value in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), however, remains insufficiently validated. We aimed to validate the prognostic impact of LIPI in ES-SCLC using data from two phase III trials. Patients enrolled in the CASPIAN (NCT03043872) and IMpower133 (NCT02763579) trials were included. LIPI groups were defined as good (dNLR<3 and LDH<ULN), intermediate (dNLR≥3 or LDH≥ULN) and poor (dNLR≥3 and LDH≥ULN). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed across LIPI categories and treatment arms. LIPI was available for 1140 patients (Good: 34%, Intermediate: 49%, Poor: 17%), including 708 treated with chemotherapy-immunotherapy and 432 with chemotherapy alone. Poor LIPI was associated with unfavorable characteristics, including lower albumin levels and higher rate of liver metastases. Median OS was 14.6 months (95%CI: 12.4-15.9) for LIPI Good, 10.9 (10.1-11.5) for Intermediate, and 8.4 (7.1-9.3) for Poor (p < 0.0001). In multivariate models adjusted on gender, age, ECOG, treatment arm and metastatic sites, LIPI remained an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR Poor vs. Good: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.45-2.15, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.33-1.90, p < 0.001). Although patients with poor LIPI derived limited benefit from immunotherapy, no significant treatment-LIPI interaction was observed. This large post hoc analysis confirms LIPI as a robust and clinically applicable prognostic biomarker in ES-SCLC. Patients with poor LIPI have substantially worse outcomes and limited benefit from immunotherapy, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies in this subgroup.
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Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is characterized by frequent recurrence and limited durable responses to immunotherapy, in part due to poor T-cell infiltration into tumors. While the chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 have traditionally been associated with recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and tumor promotion, we reveal an unexpected anti-tumor role for this pathway in BCa. Methods: Using orthotopic and carcinogen-induced murine BCa models, we demonstrate that genetic deletion or antibody blockade of CCL2 or CCR2 accelerates tumor progression, reduces intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and shortens survival. Results: Mechanistic studies show that CCL2 promotes recruitment of CCR2+ effector T cells with enhanced activation and cytotoxicity. Mixed bone marrow chimeras, T-cell-specific CCR2 knockouts, and adoptive transfers confirm that CCR2 signaling within T cells is essential for their trafficking and anti-tumor function. In human BCa, CCL2 expression is reduced in tumors compared to adjacent urothelium, correlating with diminished T-cell infiltration. Importantly, high tumor CCL2 levels are associated with improved recurrence-free survival in patients with BCa. To therapeutically leverage this pathway, we developed a novel intravesical recombinant CCL2 (rCCL2) approach. rCCL2 delivery significantly increased CCR2+ T-cell infiltration, reduced tumor burden, and extended survival in both syngeneic MB49 and double-humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) BCa models. Conclusions: These findings redefine the CCL2-CCR2 axis as a T-cell-mediated tumor-suppressive pathway in BCa and support rCCL2-based therapy as a strategy to enhance immune infiltration and improve outcomes in treatment-resistant BCa.
To characterize clinical and molecular characteristics and prognosis among patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who undergo brain metastasis (BM) resection. We retrospectively identified patients with MBC who underwent BM resection from 2006 to 2024 at a single center. Chart abstraction was utilized to identify key demographic, treatment, and outcome data. Median real-world overall survival (mrwOS) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method; the Cox proportional hazards model evaluated factors associated with mrwOS. 107 patients were identified with the following MBC subtypes: hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-) (n = 26, 24.3%), HER2+ (n = 45, 42.1%), and triple-negative (TNBC; n = 36, 33.6%). At time of initial BM surgical resection, 55 patients (51.4%) had CNS-only disease and 63 patients (58.9%) had a single BM. Most patients received systemic therapy after BM resection (n = 83/95 with available systemic therapy records, 87.4%) and postoperative radiation (n = 92/103 with available post-operative radiation records, 89.3%). Among patients with available BM receptor status (n = 92), 25 (27.2%) had receptor discordance between BM and peripheral tissue testing, mostly loss of BM HR-positivity (n = 20/92, 21.7%). Among patients with available BM NGS testing (n = 40), the most common pathogenic alterations were TP53 mutation (n = 28, 70.0%), ERBB2 amplification (n = 15, 37.5%), and PIK3CA mutation (n = 9, 22.5%); 31 patients (77.5%) had therapeutically targetable mutations. mrwOS from BM resection was longer for patients with HR+/HER2- and HER2+ MBC vs. TNBC (40.3 and 37.8 months vs. 12.6 months, p = 0.04 and p = 0.02 respectively). On multivariate analysis, receipt of systemic therapy (HR 0.09, CI 0.04-0.21, p < 0.01) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (HR 0.41, CI 0.18-0.97, p = 0.04) post-operatively were associated with longer mrwOS. Extracranial disease at time of resection (HR 4.60, CI 2.52-8.39, p < 0.01) and development of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) (HR 6.08, CI 3.00-12.31, p < 0.01) were associated with shorter mrwOS. Survival after BM resection was ~3 years in patients with HR+/HER2- and HER2+ MBC and ~1 year in patients with TNBC. Extracranial disease at time of BM resection and development of LMD were associated with worse prognosis. Loss of HR-positivity and targetable mutations were present in ~22% and ~75% of resected BMs, respectively, supporting the utility of molecular analysis of resected BMs to guide management.