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Glucose nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria were electrophoretically typed for the extracellular protein spectra. The method permits differentiation on the generic level the cultures of such bacteria, characterized by atypical biochemistry, within 10 hours.
The efficacies of Coombs' test and the polybrene test, heretofore not used in this country, for the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemias are compared in examinations of 27 donors and 62 patients with this condition. The results evidence a high efficacy of the polybrene test. The test is simple and available for wide use at clinical laboratories.
Renal tubules contribute to maintenance of the body equilibrium by regulating urinary excretion of electrolytes and low molecular mass components. Many transport mechanisms for regulation of concentrations of various components of the tubular fluid are situated in the renal tubules. Studies on the specification and localization of subcellular mechanisms functioning in the renal tubules is a progressive borderline trend of investigation. A new approach has been used to solve the problems of clinical nephrology and maintenance of the body balance. Processes of calcium, sodium, and monosaccharide reabsorption in the tubular fluid are described in brief.
The authors have developed an enzyme immunoassay test system for measurements of the specific cerebral alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-GP), whose sensitivity limit is 0.8 ng/ml. Blood serum alpha 2-GP level is 7 ng/ml, cerebrospinal fluid level is 12.8 ng/ml in health; detection of alpha 2-GP in these biological fluids in concentrations surpassing such values indicates impairment of the hematoencephalic barrier permeability and active release of the cerebral proteins into the blood. The hematoencephalic barrier is most frequently disrupted in the brain-blood direction in purulent meningitis, encephalitis, open craniocerebral injuries; such impairments may be detected with the use of alpha 2-GP measurements. A direct correlation between the blood serum alpha 2-GP level and the severity of the disease clinical course has been revealed.
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Sodium nucleinate, an officinal preparation (Na PHK), added to the growth medium in concentrations of 10 to 50 micrograms/ml enhanced the growth of hybridoma cells in vitro. Na PHK presence in the cultivation medium in the above concentrations enhanced the specific antibody-producing activity of hybridomas.
A rapid method for Proteus serologic typing is suggested, based on Soviet commercial diagnostic adsorbed type sera. The rapid system involves replacing two-staged typing with one-staged, making use of polyvalent sera constructed by uniting 8-9 type sera according to the suggested schemes. O- and H-antigens are types in accordance with special tables. Fifteen O-antigens and 4 H-antigens, whose total incidence among Proteus clinical strains is under 2 percent, cannot be typed with the use of this system. The suggested rapid system is suggested as a rapid simple method for typing Proteus clinical strains in intricate epidemiologic situations.
The authors have examined the potentiality of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve the sensitivity of indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) in studies of postvaccinal immunity to measles, diphtheria, and tetanus. Parallel studies of 170 blood sera in routine IHAT and in IHAT modification with PEG have demonstrated a marked (more than 6-fold) elevation of the test sensitivity (t = 7.11; p less than 0.001).
The authors' findings have lead them to a conclusion that urinary prostacyclin may be measured directly without preliminary extraction. Double freezing-defrosting of the samples did not change urinary thromboxane A2 level. Prolonged (up to 8 months) storage did not tell on urinary thromboxane A2 and blood plasma aldosterone levels.
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A method for serial measurements of blood serum acid DNAse (3.1.4.5) and acid RNAse (3.1.4.23). The authors recommend measurements of acid nucleases at clinical biochemistry laboratories and use of these parameters for the prediction of outcomes of balneotherapy and other treatment modalities.
A number of detergents were screened to choose the most suitable one for polarographic measurement of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Triton X-100 and triton X-305 nonionic detergents proved to be the best of all the tested ionic and nonionic detergents. The sensitivity of the method with these tritons is close to the sensitivity of the original method and, in contrast to it, does not involve addition of blood plasma. Effects of a number of substances, used in studies of biological samples, on activity measurements by the developed methods were under study. Superoxide dismutase activities were measured in tissues of hepatomas with different growth rates.
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A tampon made of the new spongy polyvinyl-formal AQUIPOR 3500/40 is suggested for quantitative studies of mixed anaerobic-aerobic microflora. Comparison of the adsorption characteristics, the preservation of the tested pathologic material during the collection and transportation of the material, and the potential antibacterial characteristics of the suggested tampon and the traditional cotton wool tampons has shown the advantages of the new tampon, that permits standardization of the investigation by the quantitative bacteriologic method and preserves both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms viable. This tampon may be used in studies of purulent wound and periodontal pocket microflora.
A method permitting the differentiation between the types of pulmonary inflammatory processes in patients with nonspecific diseases of the respiratory organs by the parameters of blood plasma acid-soluble fraction is suggested. If the inflammation is of an infectious origin (pneumonia, chronic bronchitis), the ratio of low-molecular to high-molecular fractions of the blood plasma acid-soluble fraction is 4.2 +/- 1.8. In allergic inflammations (bronchial asthma) this ratio is 9.0 +/- 5.8. The results of this test were in line with clinical laboratory and x-ray findings in 86.7% of the examinees. In complex with other methods of examination, the described technique may be used for the differential diagnosis of allergic and infectious inflammations in patients with respiratory diseases.
Antibacterial sera activities towards Citrobacter O22 and Salmonella typhimurium were tested with O22, O1, O4, O5, O12 erythrocytic diagnostic agents. Cross activities of O22, O1, O4, O5, O12, and Hi antigens were tested with the same and Hi erythrocytic diagnostic agents in the antibody neutralization test. The findings have confirmed the identity or very close relationship between the tested O antigens. Screening for antigens of the excretions from patients with S. typhimurium and Citrobacter O22 infections has shown that indication of Hi antigen may be considered as the differentiating criterion between these infections.
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