搜索结果：Korean journal of orthodontics

Advancements in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology have enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of clinical orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to evaluate craniofacial morphology in a Korean population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images from 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females) were grouped into skeletal Classes I, II, and III types with normodivergence according to the ANB and sella-nasion plane to mandibular plane angles. Measurements of hard and soft tissues were performed in terms of sagittal, vertical, and transverse relationships, including asymmetry analysis and condylar position. The measurements were compared across different skeletal types including between males and females. Intergroup comparisons of hard and soft tissue measurements on 3D cephalograms showed statistical significance for several measurements of the sagittal relationship, occlusal plane angle and palatal depth in the vertical relationship, and maxillary intermolar width in the transverse relationship between Classes I, II, and III groups. Comparisons between skeletal Classes I, II, and III in males and females were consistent with these results. 3D cephalometry can serve as a universal solution to the limitations of traditional two-dimensional cephalometry and decrease unnecessary radiation exposure. This study introduced a new 3D cephalometric measurement and Korean normative data, validating its effectiveness by comparing values across different skeletal malocclusion. These findings offer initial insights into craniofacial structure variations among numerous skeletal types and may prove valuable for future orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and anthropological research using 3D cephalometry.

To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hypodontia among orthodontic patients in university dental hospitals in Korea. A total of 15,422 patients who visited the Departments of Orthodontics at 10 university dental hospitals in Korea between 2021 and 2023 were enrolled as the study cohort. Among these, patients with one or more congenitally missing permanent teeth (excluding third molars) were identified using panoramic radiographs and diagnostic records. The prevalence of hypodontia, number and location of missing teeth, associated dental anomalies, skeletal malocclusion patterns, and treatment methods were evaluated. The overall prevalence of hypodontia was 11.9% (n = 1,835). Younger patients (< 16 years) showed a slightly higher proportion of hypodontia (13.2%) than older patients (11.0%). Most cases involved the absence of one or two teeth (68.7%), while oligodontia occurred in 10.6% of cases. Bilateral cases were more prevalent (56.6%), with 80.8% exhibiting symmetrical patterns. Mandibular second premolars were the most frequently affected (20.7%), followed by maxillary second premolars (14.7%) and lateral incisors (12.0%). Among patients with hypodontia, 37.8% had other dental anomalies, such as impacted teeth and microdontia. A Class I skeletal pattern was the most common overall (40.4%), but a Class III relationship was predominant in patients with oligodontia (42.6%). The most frequent treatments were orthodontic space closure (39.9%), observation (29.5%), and space opening for prosthetic restoration (27.5%). Hypodontia is relatively common among Korean orthodontic patients, especially in younger patients. Accurate diagnosis and individualized, multidisciplinary treatment plans are essential for effective long-term care.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of impacted teeth (ITs) in orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals in Korea. This study included 14,774 patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics at 10 university dental hospitals in Korea between 2020 and 2022 and underwent orthodontic diagnosis. The prevalence and characteristics of ITs were investigated using orthodontic diagnostic records, radiographs, and diagnostic casts. The prevalence of ITs, excluding third molar impaction, in Korean orthodontic patients was 13.6% (n = 2,014). The prevalence of ITs in pediatric orthodontic patients was 24.5% (n = 1,614). Of these patients, 68.2% had one IT, 27.5% had two ITs, 24.3% had bilateral IT, and 75.7% had unilateral IT. The most frequent IT was the maxillary canine (50.1%), followed by the mandibular second molar (11.7%), and maxillary second premolar (9.6%). An abnormal eruption path (46.5%) was the most frequent etiology. Orthodontic traction after surgical exposure (70.6%) was the most frequent treatment option. Among the patients with ITs, 29.8% had other dental anomalies, such as tooth agenesis (8.7%), microdontia (8.0%), and supernumerary teeth (5.1%). Furthermore, 50.8% had complications such as cystic lesions (18.3%), transposition (17.7%), and root resorption (14.8%). Among the patients with maxillary canine impaction, 62.2% had labial maxillary canine impaction and 21.1% had palatal maxillary canine impaction. The prevalence of ITs in Korean orthodontic patients at university dental hospitals was high, particularly in pediatric orthodontic patients.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of senior orthodontic patients. The cohort consisted of consecutive senior patients (age &#x2265; 60 years, n = 146) who visited the orthodontic clinic of a university hospital between 2020 and 2025. Host factors, treatment or referral motives, path of visit, orthodontic diagnosis and treatment acceptance rates, oral health status, severity of malocclusion, and treatment outcomes were evaluated using medical records and the modified discrepancy index (DI). A higher proportion of females (65.1%) than males (34.9%) was observed. The primary treatment motives were improvement of anterior crowding or spacing (65.0%), followed by intrusion of supraerupted molars (9.6%) and space management for edentulous or hopeless sites (8.2%). Direct visits and referrals from other specialties accounted for 24.7% and 75.3% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of retaining 20 or more natural teeth was 94.9%. The orthodontic treatment acceptance rate was 70.9%, peaking at 84.6% among seniors who directly visited the orthodontic clinic for anterior alignment. Orthodontic treatment primarily focused on the anterior segment (83.6%), with a significant decrease in DI (P = 0.001). Seniors who visited the orthodontic clinic were predominantly females in their 60s with a high retention rate of natural teeth. Orthodontic consultations were driven not only by esthetic needs for anterior alignment, but also by recommended referrals as part of interdisciplinary care. The orthodontic treatment acceptance rate was higher when orthodontic goals aligned with the patient's intrinsic motivation for anterior alignment or edentulous space management. Orthodontic treatment in senior patients led to significant improvements in malocclusion.

To compare the effectiveness of acetaminophen and ibuprofen for pain control in orthodontic patients. Using the PICO strategy, studies were included without restrictions on publication date or language. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Virtual Health Library (VHL)/Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched, along with gray literature, up to July 2025. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. A meta-analysis was conducted using R software. Subgroup and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were conducted for moderate or high heterogeneity. Of the 1,139 studies identified, 13 were included. The ages of the participants ranged from 9 to 30 years. Most studies (n = 7) were double-blinded. Tooth movement was induced by fixed appliances or separators, and two studies had a high risk of bias. Pain control with the two medications showed no significant differences at rest at 24 and 48 hours or during chewing at 6, 24, and 48 hours (P > 0.05). Heterogeneity was low, except for pain during chewing at 24 hours (I&#xb2; = 68.7%; &#x3c4;&#xb2; = 1.24; P = 0.022): for this outcome, the "before" subgroup showed no heterogeneity, while the "before/after" subgroup showed high heterogeneity (I&#xb2; = 84.3%; &#x3c4;&#xb2; = 3.38; P = 0.012). The leave-one-out analysis did not change the combined effect but indicated one study as a source of heterogeneity. Pain control during orthodontic tooth movement did not differ between the two medications.

Efforts to address challenging clinical issues through a deeper understanding of genetics continue to advance in both medicine and dentistry. Given the limited genetic understanding of skeletal Class III malocclusion-a condition that poses significant challenges to both surgeons and orthodontists-this study investigates the association between fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) gene variants and the anteroposterior and vertical phenotypes of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Genotyping of FGFR2 -SNPs (rs10736303, rs11200014, rs1078806, rs2981578, and rs2162540) was performed in 310 young adults. K -means clustering identified 3 groups with 5 phenotype clusters: Class I (cluster-4, normal maxilla, normal mandible, and normodivergent pattern); Class II (cluster-1, normal maxilla, retrusive mandible, and hyperdivergent pattern); and Class III subtypes: cluster-2 (retrusive maxilla, normal mandible, and hyperdivergent pattern), cluster-5 (normal maxilla, moderately protrusive mandible, and normodivergent pattern), and cluster-3 (normal maxilla, severely protrusive mandible, and normodivergent pattern). Genetic analyses revealed FGFR2 -rs2162540 increased risk of mandibular protrusion (OR=2.13 for cluster-3; OR=4.46 for combined cluster-5/cluster-3, P <0.05), while FGFR2 -rs2981578 and rs10736303 minor alleles heightened mandibular prognathism severity (OR=2.50 and 2.56, respectively; P <0.05). FGFR2 -rs10736303 was also linked to maxillary retrusion and hyperdivergent patterns (OR=3.45 in cluster-2 versus cluster-4, P <0.05). These findings suggest FGFR2 variants significantly contribute to mandibular prognathism, maxillary retrusion, and hyperdivergent growth patterns, providing valuable insights into the genetic etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion.

To develop and validate the Leading Enhancement Assistive Planning (LEAP) system, a deep learning-based tool for automated malocclusion classification from three-dimensional (3D) intraoral scans, integrated into orthodontic computer-aided design (CAD) workflows to support clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. This study utilized 841 anonymized 3D intraoral scans in standard tessellation language (STL) format with 125 unique multilabel combinations across 4 main classes and 11 binary sub-classes, annotated by expert orthodontists. Preprocessing converted the STL meshes into standardized voxel grids, which served as inputs to a modified EfficientNet-based 3D convolutional neural network. The hierarchical classification logic distinguished main and sub-class malocclusions. Model performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics on a held-out test set. Integration into orthodontic CAD software was demonstrated to provide real-time diagnostic feedback. The LEAP system achieved robust classification performance across 15 orthodontic labels treated as independent binary classification tasks, with a macro-averaged accuracy of 87.6%, precision of 86.6%, recall of 87.5%, and an F1-score of 87.1%. Hierarchical logic enabled a clinically interpretable output for complex cases with overlapping conditions. The voxel-based pipeline supported resolutions of up to 256 &#xd7; 256 &#xd7; 256 with graphics processing unit acceleration for efficient inference. Readiness for integration into CAD platforms was demonstrated, providing automated malocclusion classification at the point of care. LEAP is an accurate, efficient, and scalable artificial intelligence-assisted system for classifying malocclusions using 3D dental scans. Its integration into orthodontic CAD software offers standardized, real-time diagnostic support, potentially improving workflow efficiency and consistency. The LEAP system may enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce variability, and serve as a valuable decision-support tool in orthodontic practice.

Since categorization of dental crowding is a crucial parameter in orthodontic diagnosis and tooth-extraction decisions, we aimed to develop an automatic system to categorize crowding levels on intraoral photographs without space analysis. The Dental Crowding Categorization Network (DCC-Net), consisting of segmentation, extraction, and categorization modules, was proposed and optimized by extracting regions of interest and crown centroids. A multicenter dataset including 1,351 maxillary and 1,253 mandibular intraoral photographs was divided in an 8:2 ratio for model training and internal testing, and an additional 100 photographs were collected for external testing. The ground truth was obtained through measurements by experienced orthodontists using intraoral scanning data. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of the categorization module were calculated, and heatmaps were obtained for model interpretation. Furthermore, a clinical evaluation was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of junior orthodontists with and without the assistance of DCC-Net. For the maxilla, the categorization accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were 0.7232, 0.7447, 0.6793, and 0.6962, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for categorization in the mandible were 0.7352, 0.7506, 0.6723, and 0.7019, respectively. The heatmaps indicated that DCC-Net could identify the dental arches and regions showing malocclusion. In the clinical evaluation, the diagnostic accuracy of junior orthodontists improved with DCC-Net's assistance, increasing by 9.18% for the maxilla and 12.75% for the mandible. DCC-Net achieved accurate categorization of dental crowding on intraoral photographs. Its rapid predictions may offer insights for guiding tooth extraction in orthodontic treatment, providing valuable reference data for inexperienced orthodontists and improving doctor-patient communication.

To evaluate the influence of three gingival margin aligner designs and varying degrees of marginal tissue recession on aligner retention. Nine models were obtained for each marginal tissue recession Class (Classes I, II, III, and IV). Control models had no anatomical alterations. For each model, three aligners of each gingival margin design were fabricated (scalloped, scalloped extended, and straight). The aligners were placed on the models, and a hook was positioned in the buccal region at the level of the mandibular first molars. Pull-off tests were performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min, and the maximum dislodgement force (N) was recorded. Each aligner was removed 10 times, and the average value was obtained. According to the two-way ANOVA, the main effects of the gingival margin design factor (P < 0.001) and tissue recession factor (P < 0.001) were significant. However, the interaction term was not statistically significant (P = 0.105). According to Tukey's test, scalloped extended (52.3 N) and straight (47.9 N) margins demonstrated significantly greater retention than scalloped margin (33.1 N) (P < 0.05). The Class IV model (82.2 N) resulted in significantly greater retention (P < 0.05). The Class III model (54.4 N) exhibited the second highest retention value, which was significantly different from the other models. There was no significant difference in retention among Class I (25.6 N), Class II (33.2 N), and control (26.8 N). Aligner retention increased with increasing severity of marginal tissue recession. Aligners with scalloped margins provided less retention than those with scalloped-extended and straight margins.

This study aims to evaluate the global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Data were extracted from the GBD 2021, covering 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021. AEMT was defined using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, encompassing complications from medical procedures, treatments, or healthcare exposures. Estimates were categorized into fatal and non-fatal outcomes and stratified by age, sex, year, and covariates, including the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Mortality-incidence ratios (MIRs), defined as the ratio of mortality calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total incident cases, were analyzed. In 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates of AEMT were 11.48 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 8.86-14.13), 150.44 (131.19-171.81), 64.19 (51.06-73.11), and 1.53 (1.29-1.68) per 100,000 population, respectively. DALY rates were highest in the early neonatal group (4,789.47 per 100,000 population [95% UI, 3,682.00-5,963.30]), while mortality rates followed a U-shaped pattern across age groups. In 2021, MIRs were highest at both ends of the age range: the early neonatal group (0.58 [95% UI, 0.55-0.58]) and the 95+ age group (0.05 [0.04-0.06]). This pattern was consistent across all SDI quintiles, with higher MIRs observed in lower SDI quintiles. The significantly higher prevalence and incidence rates of AEMT among the older population in high SDI quintiles, compared to lower SDI quintiles, could be attributed to the healthcare overutilization, highlighting the need for policy adjustments.

This systematic review evaluated dietary changes during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment between multibracket fixed appliances and clear aligners. Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane's Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, Scopus) were searched through January 2025 for longitudinal studies on healthy participants undergoing non-extractive orthodontic treatment with multibracket fixed appliances or clear aligners, assessing dietary changes. Data on diet change were extracted at baseline, 24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1-2 months, and 3-6 months, and descriptively compared with pain outcomes. Quality assessment was performed using Risk-of-Bias-2.0 and ROBINS-I; overall certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. The search retrieved 180 studies; 56 were screened, and 22 full-text articles were reviewed. Nine studies (671 participants, 58.9% females) were included. Despite no significant baseline differences between groups, 24 hours after appliance placement, all studies indicated significantly greater diet-related limitations in the multibracket group than in the aligner group, with differences of 0.1-0.9 points on a 0-10 scale. Trends persisted at 1 week (differences 0.7-1.8 points), 2 weeks (0.8-1.9 points), 1-2 months (0.1-2.0 points), and 3-6 months (0.8-3.0 points). Across timepoints, comparisons of pain intensity and dietary changes did not reveal consistent patterns. During the first 6 months, multibracket appliances may affect diet more negatively than clear aligners and this pattern does not seem to be explained by differences in pain. Given the low-to-moderate certainty of evidence and indirect diet assessment using items from broader oral health-related quality of life instruments, these results should be interpreted with caution.

Force application during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) promotes oxygen depletion and bone remodeling. Deficiency of hypoxia inducible factor-1&#x3b1; (HIF1&#x3b1;) in myeloid cells accelerates OTM. Low-oxygen and high-salt conditions can stabilize HIF1&#x3b1; in myeloid cells. This study aimed to determine whether myeloid HIF1&#x3b1; levels influence OTM under low- and high-salt diets in mice. Mice with and without HIF1&#x3b1; expression in myeloid cells received a low-salt (< 0.03% NaCl, tap water) or an high-salt (4% NaCl, saline) diet for two weeks. One week after the start of the diet, an elastic band was inserted between the first and second molars. The expression of inflammatory and bone remodeling genes, bone density, and extent of OTM were determined. Myeloid Hif1&#x3b1; expression did not modify high-salt-induced expression of the inflammatory genes interleukin-1&#x3b2; and interleukin-6. Myeloid-derived Hif1&#x3b1; and dietary salt levels did not significantly modify osteoblast responses to OTM. High-salt conditions and myeloid Hif1&#x3b1; deletion increased osteoclast numbers and expression of osteoclast-specific genes. This was paralleled by reduced bone density, which ultimately led to increased OTM. A high-salt diet and the absence of HIF1&#x3b1; both lead to increased OTM. In the tested OTM model, exposure to high-salt conditions was largely independent of myeloid cell-derived HIF1&#x3b1;.

To evaluate changes in alveolar bone and tooth root dimensions in anterior teeth of patients with different tooth extraction types undergoing clear aligner therapy (CAT) and to provide reliable information for preventing tissue loss and providing tooth control in severe cases through a large-scale sample analysis of the clinical outcomes of CAT. We selected 281 patients (186 non-extraction [NE], 59 with two-premolar extraction [TPE] in both the maxilla and mandible, and 36 with TPE in the maxilla and one lower-incisor extraction [OLIE] in the mandible) from the records of recent three years. Quantitative changes in the dentoalveolar apparatus were analyzed using pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography. The measured parameters included the alveolar bone height and thickness, and root length in the anterior teeth in different types of tooth extraction. Alveolar bone height loss was common in all groups after CAT. Compared to patients with NE, patients with TPE showed a higher risk of lingual bone dehiscence and torque loss (P < 0.05), whereas those with OLIE showed a higher risk of open gingival embrasures (P < 0.05). A more severe alveolar bone loss was observed in the mandibular anterior teeth than in the maxillary anterior teeth (P < 0.05). Different tooth extraction types can lead to different degrees of bone loss in the direction of tooth movement, and orthodontists should adopt more cautious measures for mandibular anterior teeth. Despite numerous experimental studies for improving techniques and designs in CAT, tooth control and complication prevention in extraction cases remain challenging for orthodontists.

To evaluate the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted soft tissue landmark identification (STLI) on serial lateral cephalograms (Lat-Cephs) of Class III patients treated with two-jaw orthognathic surgery across four different time-points. A convolutional neural network model was developed for STLI, trained and validated using 3,004 Lat-Cephs from 751 patients. The test set included 224 Lat-Cephs from 56 patients, divided into the genioplasty (n = 22) and non-genioplasty (n = 34) groups. The four time-points included initial (T0), pre-surgery (T1, brackets), post-surgery (T2, brackets, surgical plates, and screws [S-PS]), and debonding (T3, S-PS and fixed retainers). AI accuracy was compared with a human standard for 13 soft tissue landmarks. Mean radial errors (MREs), horizontal and vertical errors, and statistical differences were analyzed. The total MRE across all time-points was 1.50 &#xb1; 0.48 mm, with 64.9% of values being less than 1.5 mm MRE. There were no significant differences in accuracy among the four time-points (T0, 1.41 mm; T1, 1.53 mm; T2, 1.58 mm; T3, 1.47 mm). The pronasale, stomion inferius (Stmi), stomion superius (Stms) showed an increase in MRE (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively), whereas the Lower Lip showed a decrease in MRE (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in errors across time-points for the soft-tissue B point, soft-tissue Pogonion, or soft-tissue Menton between the genioplasty and non-genioplasty groups. The AI algorithm in this study might be an effective tool for STLI in Lat-Cephs at T1, T2, and T3, despite the presence of brackets, S-PS, fixed retainers, genioplasty, and bone remodeling.

To characterize the zygomatico-maxillary suture fusion (ZMSF) from preadolescence to young adulthood. A total of 573 subjects (283 males, 290 females; age, 6-18 years) were divided into 26 groups based on sex and age. Three-dimensional computed tomography images were reconstructed and oriented using ON3D software. The cervical vertebrae maturation index (CVMI) and ZMSF stages were identified using 6-stage and 5-stage scoring systems, respectively. The distributions of CVMI stage and ZMSF stage in each group were statistically analyzed. Females exhibited earlier appearance and a narrower range of onset (CVMI stage-2, ZMSF stage-2), middle (CVMI stage-4, ZMSF stage-3), and completion (CVMI stage-6, ZMSF stage-5), indicating faster skeletal maturation compared to males. Both males and females showed strong positive correlations between age and CVMI stage, between age and ZMSF stage, and between CVMI stage and ZMSF stage (all P < 0.001). The mean ages at ZMSF stage-3 and stage-4 (11.9-14.7 years for males, 9.7-12.6 years for females) may indicate the peak of pubertal growth. Regression equations for ZMSF stage (y), age (a), and CVMI stage (b) were y = -0.508 + (0.169 &#xd7; a) + (0.509 &#xd7; b) + (-0.006 &#xd7; ab) for males and y = -1.227 + (0.285 &#xd7; a) + (0.804 &#xd7; b) + (-0.034 &#xd7; ab) for females. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses indicated that increases in age and progress in CVMI stage were associated with more advanced ZMSF stage, suggesting that ZMSF follows the general skeletal maturation curve. The ZMSF stages showed strong correlations with age and progression of the CVMI stage.

To investigate the accuracy of machine learning (ML)-assisted prediction of the need for orthognathic surgery (OGS) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). This study included 245 patients with CLP whose lateral cephalograms were available at pre-adolescence (T0; mean age, 8.45 years) and young adulthood (T1; mean age: 18.37 years). At T1, the patients were classified into the surgery group based on two criteria: (1) satisfying at least three of the following four conditions: ANB < -3&#xb0;, Wits appraisal < -5 mm, APDI > 90&#xb0;, and AB-MP < 60&#xb0; and (2) undergoing presurgical orthodontic treatment or having undergone OGS. A total of 25.3% (n = 62) of patients were assigned to the surgery group, while 74.7% (n = 183) were assigned to the non-surgery group. Further, 80% and 20% of each group were used as training/validation and test sets, respectively. After 37 cephalometric variables and two cleft-related variables were measured, support vector machine (SVM) and feature importance analysis (FIA) with Shapley additive explanation were used to determine the prediction accuracy and predictors at T0. SVM demonstrated area under curve 0.84, accuracy 83.7%, sensitivity 83.3%, and specificity 83.8%. FIA revealed 10 predictors: A to N-perpendicular, L1 to A-Pog, Pog to N-perpendicular, L1 to Lower-occlusal plane, Cleft type, U1 to Upper-occlusal plane, IMPA, gonial angle, anteroposterior facial height ratio, and ANB with accumulated importance of 64.51%. The ML algorithm used in this study may support clinical decision-making in identifying candidates for future OGS at 8 years of age.

Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have considerably reduced the need for anterior segmental osteotomy (ASO) in patients with Class I malocclusion. Most previous studies have been published before the widespread use of TADs, thus warranting new guidelines for determining the optimal approach for surgery and orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to establish guidelines on the choice between ASO and non-ASO (NASO) based on soft tissue considerations. Sixty-seven patients diagnosed with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into the ASO (n = 31) and NASO (n = 36) groups. Cephalometric analyses were used to compare the initial and final records to assess the effect of treatment on soft tissues. The interlabial gap, upper lip anterior to the E-line, lower lip anterior to the E-line, H-angle, upper lip to the nasion-perpendicular line, and nasolabial angle were evaluated. In particular, a proportional difference indicator between the upper and lower lips relative to the pogonion angle between the facial plane and CK line was presented, followed by statistics analyses. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Both groups demonstrated normal proportions of the upper and lower lips; however, significant differences favoring ASO over NASO in terms of soft tissue changes were observed for several variables. ASO is advised if the required adjustment for the upper and lower lips is -4.0 mm and -5.0 mm, respectively. For modifications of -2.0 mm, NASO is preferred. This study provides clinical guidelines on the choice between ASO and NASO based on the required lip movement measurements.

This study aimed (1) to compare the effects of clear aligner treatment (CAT) and fixed appliances incorporating temporary anchorage devices (FATADs) on overbite and the vertical position of anterior and posterior teeth in open bite patients; (2) to assess the impact of CAT on increasing overbite and vertical tooth movement; and (3) to evaluate post-treatment stability. Electronic searches of Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Central, Embase, and the Virtual Health Library network portal, and manual searches were conducted up to April 2025. Human studies evaluating CAT for open bite correction and reporting pre- and post-treatment overbite (primary outcome) and vertical incisor and molar positions (secondary outcomes), with or without comparison to FATADs, were included. Study quality was assessed using design-appropriate tools. Of 1,610 identified studies, 10 met the inclusion criteria (four non-randomized controlled trials and six before-and-after studies). CAT increased overbite by 2.77 mm, mainly through upper (0.87 mm) and lower (1.06 mm) incisor extrusion, without significant molar intrusion. Compared with CAT, FATADs achieved greater overbite correction and upper molar intrusion (1.64 mm and 1.88 mm, respectively). CAT showed greater lower incisor extrusion (2.35 mm), with no significant difference in upper incisor position. During retention, CAT maintained stability, with no significant changes in overbite (0.02 mm) or vertical tooth positions. CAT effectively increases overbite mainly through incisor extrusion but is less effective than FATADs for open bite correction via molar intrusion. The vertical position of the teeth remained stable during the retention period.

To assess the success rate and proximity of miniscrews to the root using surgical guides produced by integrating data obtained from cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scanned models. This retrospective study involved 113 patients (224 miniscrews) who underwent miniscrew placement as part of their orthodontic treatment. Two operators placed miniscrews between the buccal alveolar bone of each patient and assessed initial stability by measuring the Periotest value (PTV) and insertion torque (IT). Patients were divided into two groups based on the miniscrew insertion method: manual group (MG) and surgical guide group (SG). Root proximity was assessed using periapical radiography, and miniscrews that remained in place for over 6 months were considered successful. There was a statistically significant difference in the Kaplan-Meier survival curves between the groups (P < 0.05). The success rates of the miniscrews were 79.1% and 90.5% for the MG and SG, respectively (P < 0.05). The root contact rate also differed significantly between the groups (MG, 17.5%; SG, 0.1%; P < 0.001). However, the PTV and IT did not show significant differences between the groups. Proximity to the root and utilization of surgical guides have the most direct impact on the success rate of miniscrews. Root proximity can be effectively reduced using surgical guides. Therefore, the use of a miniscrew surgical guide is recommended to increase the success rate of miniscrews as stable anchorage devices, particularly in cases with narrow interradicular space.