搜索结果：Journal of nutritional science

Mobile information technology (IT) is increasingly being used in the health care sector, and it can play a critical role in both the care of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and the quality of life of their families. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of the application of mobile health (mHealth) technologies in the care of children with CHD. We summarized the forms of mHealth interventions and effects on CHD to provide a reference for future research in this field. We searched PubMed; Embase; Web of Science; the Cochrane Library; CINAHL; China National Knowledge Infrastructure; Wanfang Data; the Chinese Biomedical Database; VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database; National Guideline Clearinghouse of the United States; the website of the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Canada; the Guidelines International Network; the American Heart Association; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to June 12, 2025. The retrieved literature was screened and analyzed. A total of 519 Chinese- and English-language articles were identified, with 44 (8.5%) studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The primary forms of mHealth interventions for patients with CHD included mobile apps, wearable devices, and remote monitoring equipment. The findings indicated that mHealth technologies could improve exercise capacity, nutritional status, psychological well-being, and quality of life in children with CHD. The application of mHealth in the care of children with CHD is feasible and demonstrates positive effects. Future research should emphasize peer education and patient privacy protection while further exploring remote education and health management based on theoretical frameworks and intelligent ITs to enhance quality of life for both children with CHD and their parents.

Maintaining optimal youth nutritional health is an urgent socio-economic imperative that underpins long-term human productivity and rights-based development. However, modern youth cohorts face unique dietary threats caused by the widespread availability of ultra-processed foods, targeted digital marketing, and complex food labeling protocols. Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents innovative avenues for personalized dietary profiling, existing systems remain largely technocentric and detached from statutory frameworks or behavioral realities. This study bridges this interdisciplinary divide by evaluating a rights-based, technology-driven framework to improve youth nutritional health. It aims to: (1) empirically evaluate the "Knowledge-Attitude-Practice" (KAP) gap linking statutory consumer rights to real-world eating habits; (2) present the engineering design of a non-commercial Progressive Web Application (PWA) built to translate legal safeguards into daily behavioral changes; and (3) triangulate these findings using data from youth surveys and expert legal and nutritional panels. Using a cross-sectional approach based on non-parametric power constraints, a validated survey instrument was completed by a target sample of Indian youth (n = 354, aged 15-25 years). Concurrently, data matrices were compiled from regional legal experts (n = 12) and public nutrition professionals (n = 12) to cross-verify structural bottlenecks. Group variances, demographic dependencies, and rank associations were analyzed using robust non-parametric tests, including One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis (H), Welch's t-test, and Kendall's Tau (τ) correlation coefficients. Inferential analysis revealed unexpected demographic trends: undergraduate status predicted significantly higher FSSAI safety awareness than post-graduate status (p = 0.0037), while subjective health ratings exhibited a non-linear relationship with household income (p = 0.0004), peaking in the lower-middle financial tier. Crucially, rank correlation testing revealed that the relationship between statutory knowledge and actual dietary actions is functionally non-existent (τ = -0.001). This near-zero correlation provides clear empirical proof of a pronounced Knowledge-Action Gap, confirming that passive legal literacy fails to influence food selection in modern environments. By framing automated behavioral interventions within the constitutional protections of Article 21 of the Constitution of India and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, this study shows how the open-access PWA (nutrition-zb.pages.dev) can bridge this behavioral gap. This shifts the focus of consumer health informatics from basic self-tracking to a rights-based, systemic public health intervention.

Vitamin B2 (VB2) and Vitamin B6 (VB6) are essential micronutrients for maintaining normal physiological functions. Deficiency and excessive intake of vitamins can lead to significant health issues. Herein, a single-component cerium-based MOF sensor (Ce-MOF), {[Ce2(BTB)2(DMF)2]•2DMF•2.5H2O}n is synthesized via solvothermal methods. The as-prepared Ce-MOF exhibits excellent water stability and distinct ligand-centered emission, which serves as an efficient dual-target sensor, enabling highly selective and sensitive ratiometric and colorimetric detection of VB2, as well as fluorometric detection of VB6. Upon addition of VB2, Ce-MOF exhibits a new emission peak at 527 nm, accompanied by a visible fluorescence color change from blue to yellow-green. The quenching constant is 8.41 × 104 M-1, and the detection limit is as low as 0.052 μM. In the case of VB6, the emission peak gradually red-shifts to 395 nm, with a quenching constant of 2.06 × 104 M-1 and a detection limit of 0.355 μM. Moreover, a Ce-MOF-embedded portable hydrogel combined with smartphone-assisted RGB analysis is fabricated, enabling visual and quantitative detection of VB2 and achieving excellent recovery (92.4-106.6%) in vitamin tablets, banana extracts, and sugar. These results highlight the potential of Ce-MOF as an efficient and practical dual-target sensor for nutritional analysis.

The predictive values of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), along with those of albumin, prealbumin, blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI), for prognosis and mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are not known. The study aimed to evaluate the association of the MNA score, albumin, prealbumin, blood glucose, and BMI with prognosis and mortality in patients with AIS. 250 patients diagnosed with AIS and admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital from February 15, 2022, through February 15, 2023 were analysed. The study used hospital records and collected demographic data, as well as albumin, prealbumin, and blood glucose levels. The MNA was used. The mean age of the patients was 70.10 &#xb1; 11.28 years; 128 (51.2%) were male, and the mean BMI was 28.20 &#xb1; 4.47. The MNA showed 105 (42%) patients at risk of malnutrition and 11 (4.4%) alnourished. There were 21 (8.4%) deaths among patients with AIS. Pearson correlation analysis showed MNA total score significantly positively correlated with BMI (P < .001), albumin (P < .001), and prealbumin (P < .001). Univariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that older age was associated with increased risk of death (P = .003), whereas higher BMI and higher albumin and prealbumin levels were associated with decreased risk of death. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that higher MNA scores were significantly associated with decreased risk of death (P < .001). High MNA scores and albumin and prealbumin levels may predict reduced mortality in AIS patients.

Malnutrition and cognitive impairment are 2 common and interrelated conditions among older adults, each of which is linked to adverse health outcomes. Previous studies have usually examined these factors separately, and less is known about their combined association with mortality. This study examined whether the coexistence of nutritional risk (NR), defined using multiple nutritional indices, and digit symbol substitution test (DSST)-defined low cognitive performance was associated with all-cause mortality in older adults. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 with mortality follow-up through 2019. Nutritional status was evaluated using 3 validated indices that capture distinct dimensions of nutritional health: the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Controlling Nutritional Status. Participants were classified as having high NR if any index indicated abnormal status. DSST-defined low cognitive performance was defined as a digit symbol substitution test score below the 25th percentile. Survey-weighted Cox regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical covariates. Among 1937 participants aged 60 years or older, 338 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 6.6 years. In fully adjusted models, neither DSST-defined low cognitive performance nor high NR alone was significantly associated with mortality. Participants with both high NR and DSST-defined low cognitive performance had a higher mortality hazard (hazard ratio&#x2005;=&#x2005;1.60; 95% confidence interval: 1.24-2.06; P = .032). Survival analysis revealed a gradual increase in mortality risk across the 4 combined exposure categories. The coexistence of high NR and DSST-defined low cognitive performance was associated with higher all-cause mortality among older adults and should be interpreted as a joint risk profile rather than evidence of synergy. These findings support the potential value of considering nutritional and cognitive information together in geriatric risk assessment.

Background/Objectives: Previous publications have primarily examined the individual roles of nutrients during fetal development. However, growing evidence suggests that one-carbon (1C) metabolism nutrients, including choline and key B vitamins, act synergistically within interconnected metabolic pathways that modulate epigenetic regulation and may have implications for the health of future generations. Methods: This narrative integrative review examined evidence relating to the roles of choline and B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, folate (B9) and B12) in fetal development and offspring health. Peer-reviewed literature was identified through PubMed, Science Direct and Semantic Scholar. Results: Current evidence indicates that periconceptional and maternal intake and status of 1C metabolism nutrients are associated with DNA methylation processes involved in developmental programming and the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in childhood and adulthood. Habitual intakes of several 1C metabolism nutrients are frequently below recommended levels during pregnancy and lactation, particularly for choline and folate. Inadequate intakes, each contributing differently to 1C metabolism, may disrupt 1C metabolic pathways and alter DNA methylation patterns during critical windows of fetal programming. Homocysteine metabolism is intricately linked to 1C metabolism and is modulated by choline and B vitamins. Collectively, these pathways have potential implications for the health of the next generation, including effects on growth, neural tube closure, brain development and increased susceptibility to diseases later in life, e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and other chronic conditions. Adequate maternal intakes of choline and B vitamins may help mitigate the 'early life origin' of certain NCDs by promoting healthy neurodevelopment, reducing inflammation, and regulating central metabolic pathways. Conclusions: Greater awareness of the roles and importance of 1C metabolism nutrients, including choline and key B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, folate and B12), during the early life course is warranted. Furthermore, there is also a need for organizations and policy makers to formalize intake recommendations for 1C metabolism nutrients beyond the individualized simplicity of folate/folic acid, and to extend this to include other methyl-donor nutrients with epigenetic effects, such as choline and key B vitamins, given their interconnected roles in 1C metabolism and fetal development.

Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of metabolic disorders in offspring. Placental inflammation acts as a critical mediator with poorly addressed etiology. Recently HFD-induced gut dysbiosis is demonstrated to be a key driver of systemic inflammation. Whether inflammatory signals triggered by HFD-induced gut dysbiosis are transmitted to the placenta via the maternal-fetal axis warrant further investigation. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic connection between maternal gut dysbiosis and placental inflammation, thereby offering insights into microbiota-mediated developmental origins of metabolic diseases in offspring. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to high fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks prior to mating with male mice. Gut microbiota was profiled by using 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified by GC-MS from HFD pregnant mice at gestational day 18.5 (G18.5). Mice were sacrificed at G18.5, and placenta histopathological analysis as well as inflammatory markers and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level were analyzed. Anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate were evaluated in vitro by using HTR-8/Svneo cells and in vivo through gestational supplementation (0.3&#xa0;mg/g body weight) in HFD-fed dams. Maternal HFD exposure induced significant placental inflammation as well as hepatic steatosis in the offspring. HFD-fed dams exhibited distinct gut dysbiosis with reduced fecal and serum SCFAs, which was accompanied by elevated placental LPS levels and exacerbated inflammatory responses. Butyrate treatment suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines in vitro through down-regulating the phosphorylation of NF-&#x3ba;B, ERK1/2 signaling pathways via G-protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41). Furthermore, gestational butyrate intervention effectively alleviated placental inflammation and mitigated fetal hepatic lipid deposition in HFD-exposed offspring. Placental inflammation caused by maternal HFD is closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Butyrate supplementation during gestation reduces placental inflammation and ameliorated offspring hepatic steatosis, highlighting the therapeutic potential of butyrate for mitigating the adverse metabolic programming effects upon maternal HFD exposure.

The physiological consequences of malnutrition are well-established, yet the disruption to psychological well-being, identity and interpersonal relationships is less known and equally significant. This review focuses on recent multidimensional evidence on malnutrition in incurable cancer, particularly the psychological, social and relational effects. Malnutrition and cachexia carry physical, psychological and relational consequences. For those with incurable cancer, this can lead to social isolation. Furthermore, it can also cause distress, guilt, anxiety and conflict around encouraging intake between those with incurable cancer and their caregivers. Qualitative studies indicate unmet needs resulting from reduced access to specialised nutritional care. Individualised dietary counselling is one of the most effective interventions for managing nutritional intake and addressing individual needs and concerns, thereby improving quality of life. Those living with incurable cancer face complex nutritional challenges that affect their physical health, emotional well-being and interpersonal relationships. Tailored nutritional care can offer benefits aside from weight gain - it can reduce anxiety, improve quality of life and support adjustment and family understanding, which could help alleviate eating-related distress in those with incurable cancer. Recent findings highlight that individualised nutritional care - encompassing the management of nutrition impact symptoms, emotional support, alignment with personal goals and caregiver support - is essential to high-quality, supportive and palliative care. Nutritional screening and care should be integrated into oncological care, addressing holistic multimodal nutritional needs.

Malnutrition is a critical but often under-recognized associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults with diabetes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutritional status and geriatric syndromes in a low-resource context. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 100 older adults with diabetes in urban slums of Casablanca, Morocco. Standardized tools were used to assess nutritional status, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, functional status, quality of life, and comorbidity burden. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed using Jamovi version 2.3. In adjusted models, better nutritional status was independently associated with improved cognitive function (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.31, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), reduced depressive symptoms (&#x3b2; = -0.508, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), higher quality of life (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.80, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), greater functional independence (Katz: &#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.330, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001; Lawton: &#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.497, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and lower comorbidity burden (&#x3b2; = -0.115, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.002). These associations remained significant after adjusting for HbA1c and physical activity. Nutritional status is a central independent predictor of geriatric syndromes in older adults with diabetes. Routine nutritional screening may help identify individuals at increased risk of functional impairment, cognitive decline, and reduced quality of life.

We aimed to investigate the effects of a high protein content and a low glycemic index (HPLGI) diet during pregnancy on offspring body composition and metabolic health at 9&#xa0;years of age. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in pregnant women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 28-45&#xa0;kg/m2 who were randomly assigned to either an HPLGI diet or a moderate-protein, moderate-glycemic-index (MPMGI) diet. Of the 208 live-born offspring, 114 were followed up at 9&#xa0;years of age. Offspring blood samples were collected following an overnight fast, and continuous glucose monitoring data were obtained for up to 14&#xa0;days. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Offspring in the HPLGI group exhibited 0.30&#xa0;mmol/L (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.033) higher total cholesterol, 0.24&#xa0;mmol/L (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.031) higher LDL-cholesterol, and 0.03&#xa0;g/cm2 (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.017) higher bone mineral density than those in the MPMGI group. LDL-cholesterol trajectories from birth to 9&#xa0;years of age indicated that group differences in LDL-cholesterol increased with age and manifested later in life. Glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue mass did not differ significantly between groups. An HPLGI diet during pregnancy may negatively affect offspring total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. This underscores the need to investigate the long-term consequences of high-protein diets and the underlying mechanisms.

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly impairs quality of life. Despite pharmacological advances, there is increasing interest in adjunctive nutritional interventions. This review evaluates the efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of dietary models-including low-starch, gluten-free, dairy-free, vegan/vegetarian, and Mediterranean diets-for axSpA management. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases for peer-reviewed articles published up to June 1, 2026. The search strategy utilized Boolean operators (AND, OR) to combine Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and free-text keywords encompassing concepts of 'axial spondyloarthritis' and various dietary interventions (e.g., Mediterranean, gluten-free, and low-starch diets). Studies focusing on isolated nutrient supplementations without a broader dietary framework were excluded. Restrictive diets (e.g., low-starch or gluten-free) offer theoretical anti-inflammatory benefits via gut microbiota modulation but pose risks for unsupervised micronutrient deficiencies. While the Mediterranean diet is a feasible and safe option for general health, evidence for specific dietary interventions in axSpA remains limited and predominantly observational, with few randomized controlled trials available. Integrating personalized nutritional counseling into the multidisciplinary management of axSpA may help safely prevent deficiencies, optimize body weight, and improve patient well-being. However, current evidence remains insufficient to universally recommend a specific dietary model for axSpA.

Background/Objectives: Accurate assessment of dietary behaviors is essential for understanding their impact on health and guiding nutritional policies. Given the escalating prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in the MENA region, the availability of culturally adapted and psychometrically validated Arabic-language instruments is essential for accurate health assessment. This systematic review aims to identify and evaluate studies that have translated, adapted, or validated dietary behavior measurement instruments into Arabic. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251157552), a search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies including the validation, translation, or adaptation of instruments into Arabic among Arabic-speaking populations were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the COSMIN checklist. Results: Thirty-two studies were included, published between 2006 and 2025, primarily in Lebanon (n = 14) and Saudi Arabia (n = 6). The instruments measured various concepts: dietary intake, diet quality, eating disorders, etc. While internal consistency and structural validity were frequently assessed with adequate methodological quality, content validity, measurement error, and responsiveness were either under-reported or failed to meet COSMIN standards. Conclusions: Despite an increasing volume of publications, the methodological quality of Arabic instrument validation remains heterogeneous, with significant gaps in the assessment of longitudinal properties. Efforts are needed to improve the rigor of adaptation processes and to evaluate key properties such as responsiveness in order to ensure reliable tools for research and clinical practice in the MENA region.

With obesity management medications being used more widely, it is important to understand the role of the dietitian in the obesity care pathway. This study examined primary-care dietitians' perspectives on the various phases of the obesity care pathway, from patients living with obesity (PwO) accessing nutritional services through monitoring and referral. In this qualitative study, first-line dietitians in Flanders, Belgium, between March, 2025 and June, 2025, were invited to participate. Participants were interviewed, and data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. The first section of the semi-structured interview guide focused on how PwO typically access nutrition therapy, how dietitians monitor and follow up with PwO, and the criteria they use for referral. Lastly, dietitians were asked about their collaboration with other healthcare professionals involved in the care of PwO. Twelve dietitians were interviewed before data saturation was reached. PwO accessed dietetic care mainly through self-initiative or medical referral, though referrals from general practitioners (GPs) were reported as limited. Monitoring and follow-up varied widely in duration and evaluation tools, while barriers such as limited patient motivation, time constraints, and limited reimbursement for dietetic care hindered continuity of care. Dietitians highlighted the need for referral guidelines, digital tools to support interprofessional communication, educational initiatives on interprofessional collaboration, and a central care coordinator to improve obesity care. This qualitative study examined primary-care dietitians' experiences across the obesity care pathway, from patient access to monitoring and referral. Dietitians highlighted limited referrals from GPs as well as variability in the duration and monitoring practices of nutritional therapy. Clear treat-to-target and referral guidelines could reduce reliance on individual clinical judgement, promote coordinated care and prevent delays in effective multidisciplinary care.

Children's growth extends beyond gains in height and weight: it includes non-physical achievements. This paper reviews the research conducted by the International Union for Nutritional Sciences Task Force 'Towards a Multidimensional Approach to Child Growth', which developed a Multidimensional Index of Child Growth (MICG) framed within a capability- and human-rights- based conceptualisation of child growth across interconnected dimensions, including physical health, love and care, mental wellbeing, participation, autonomy, mobility, and safety. Qualitative research in Bangladesh and southeastern Tanzania informed the operationalisation of the MICG, showing that caregivers understand child growth as a multidimensional capability set distributed across children, caregivers, and households. Quantitatively, we prototyped the MICG using Young Lives Survey data from Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. The MICG reveals patterns of deprivation not captured by anthropometric indicators alone, such as compounded shortfalls in education, mobility, and mental wellbeing among rural girls in Peru, despite similar physical growth profiles. Regression and quantile analyses indicate that community participation in the design of WASH programmes is associated with higher multidimensional achievements, particularly among the most deprived children. To bridge observed achievements and unrealised potential, we extend the MICG using a Bayesian stochastic-frontier approach to estimate context-specific capability distributions and identify children at risk of being left behind. Finally, we propose a spiderweb growth chart for monitoring multidimensional child growth, complementing WHO anthropometric charts. Overall, the MICG offers an equity-sensitive tool for evaluating nutrition interventions, strengthening child growth surveillance, and advancing the Sustainable Development Goal commitment to leave no child behind.

Introduction an objective:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant health concern with high costs and poor quality of life (QoL) impact. Managing recurrent UTIs (rUTI) in women requires effective treatments that relieve symptoms and reduce recurrence, while also sparing antibiotics due to rising resistance. This study evaluates the efficacy of a nutritional supplement in reducing UTI recurrences and improving QoL compared to antibiotic therapy.Materials and methods:The study compared the effectiveness of a dietary supplement (containing D-mannose, Palmitoylethanolamide, N-acetylcysteine, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Hibiscus extract) with a low dose of Fosfomycin in treating recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) in women. Both treatments were administered for 6&#x2009;months, with clinical and microbiological evaluations at 3 and 6&#x2009;months. Quality of life and patient satisfaction were assessed using specific questionnaires. Fosfomycin was given every 10&#x2009;days, while the supplement was taken for 14&#x2009;days each month.Results:The study involved 55 patients in the nutritional supplement group (NGroup) and 34 in the Fosfomycin group (FGroup). In the NGroup, the average age was 62.2&#x2009;years, with a BMI of 27.2. UTIs significantly decreased from 1.87 at baseline to 0.51 at 3&#x2009;months and 0.28 at 6&#x2009;months (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Few mild gastrointestinal side effects were reported. Quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction both improved significantly. In the FGroup, the average age was 62.9&#x2009;years, with a lower BMI of 23.5. UTIs also decreased from 2.68 at baseline to 0.87 at 3&#x2009;months and 0.67 at 6&#x2009;months (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). No side effects were reported. QoL improved, but satisfaction declined significantly. Both groups showed similar improvements in UTI frequency and QoL, but the Fosfomycin group had lower satisfaction overall.

Anemia is a common and debilitating complication in cancer patients, affecting prognosis, quality of life, and treatment response. The burden of anemia may be higher in resource-limited settings due to nutritional deficiencies and limited healthcare access. However, data on anemia among newly diagnosed cancer patients in Ethiopia remain scarce. This study was aimed to determine the magnitude and predictors of anemia in newly diagnosed adult solid cancer patients in Hawassa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 405 newly diagnosed adult solid cancer patients at selected public health facilities in Hawassa City, Ethiopia, from June 2021 to October 2021. Data were collected using structured face-to-face interviews and from medical records. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed for all variables. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the independent effects of potential explanatory variables on the presence of anemia. Adjusted Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Statistical significance was set at p-value&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05. The prevalence of anemia was 26.4% (95% CI: 22.1-30.7%), with normocytic anemia (56.1%) being the most common morphological type. Multivariable analysis identified a history of bleeding (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.46, 95% CI: 1.94-6.16), advanced cancer stage (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.01, 95% CI: 1.20-3.34), and underweight BMI (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.14, 95% CI: 1.28-3.55) were significantly associated with anemia. Conversely, higher educational attainment (diploma and above) was protective (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.93). Anemia affects over one-quarter of newly diagnosed solid cancer patients in Hawassa, with advanced-stage disease, bleeding history, and decreasing body mass index as significant risk factors. These findings highlight the need for routine anemia screening at diagnosis, nutritional interventions, and early bleeding management in oncology settings.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale (PFFS) into Turkish and to evaluate its validity and reliability in older adults. Materials and Methods: The study included 156 community-dwelling older adults aged &#x2265; 65 years. Frailty status was determined using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and participants with a CFS &#x2265; 4 were classified as frail. All participants underwent the PFFS, Katz ADL, Lawton-Brody IADL, Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The reliability of the PFFS was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach &#x3b1;), inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability (ICC); its construct validity was assessed using correlation analysis with the CFS. Furthermore, the diagnostic performance of PFFS in identifying frailty was analyzed using the ROC curve. Results: Of the 156 individuals participating in the study, 63.5% were women, and 89 individuals (57.1%) were frail. The Turkish version of PFFS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach &#x3b1; = 0.838). Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were found to be ICC = 0.995 and 0.996, respectively. A strong and positive correlation was found between PFFS and CFS scores (Spearman r = 0.760, p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that PFFS had good performance in distinguishing frailty (AUC = 0.851, optimal cut-off &#x2265; 14; sensitivity = 69.7%, specificity = 83.6%). Frail individuals were older, had higher comorbidities, and showed greater dependence in activities of daily living. Conclusions: The Turkish version of the PFFS appears to be a reliable, valid, rapid, and multidimensional tool for assessing frailty in older adults. The PFFS can contribute to the effective assessment of frailty in clinical practice and research.

Cancer navigation programs guide patients through complex healthcare systems and have shown promise in improving outcomes across several malignancies. However, their role in gastric cancer remains poorly characterized. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the utilization and outcomes of navigation programs in gastric cancer and to identify key knowledge gaps. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was conducted (January 1990-February 2026). Observational and randomized controlled studies evaluating navigator-led interventions in gastric cancer were included. Primary outcomes were treatment adherence, survival, and quality of life (QoL). Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using standardized tools. Seven studies (five observational, two randomized controlled studies) comprising 3465 patients met inclusion criteria. Most interventions were nurse-led and varied widely in structure, timing, and outcome assessment, precluding meta-analysis. Navigation programs were associated with improved quality of life, nutritional status, and patient satisfaction in select studies but demonstrated no consistent survival or treatment adherence benefit. Existing evidence suggests that cancer navigation may improve patient-centered outcomes for individuals with gastric cancer. However, data remain limited and heterogeneous. Standardized prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of navigation and to inform best practices for integration into multidisciplinary gastric cancer care.

Throughout the Mediterranean region, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is decreasing especially among young people. The Mediterranean diet is the most studied dietary pattern with proven health benefits, especially regarding the prevention of non-communicable diseases at a time when their incidence is increasing worldwide. It has also been recognized as a sustainable diet model with multiple interdependent benefits on social, cultural, environmental, and economic dimensions. Faced with the challenge of promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a Joint Med Diet Task Force of CIHEAM, FENS, and IUNS was formed to set the path for reversing the erosion of the Mediterranean diet heritage, by promoting its benefits, as a way of living, as defined by UNESCO. In this paper, the rationale and propositions of the Joint Task Force are described for the development of a voluntary code of conduct for promoting the adherence of the Mediterranean diet, and sustainable diets per se, addressed to all interested stakeholders and rights holders, linking food consumption and production, toward sustainable food systems transformation in the Mediterranean and beyond.