共找到 20 条结果
This paper describes an original dataset of children's speech, collected through the use of JIBO, a social robot. The dataset encompasses recordings from 110 children, aged 4-7 years old, who participated in a letter and digit identification task and extended oral discourse tasks requiring explanation skills, totaling 21 h of session data. Spanning a 2-year collection period, this dataset contains a longitudinal component with a subset of participants returning for repeat recordings. The dataset, with session recordings and transcriptions, is publicly available, providing researchers with a valuable resource to advance investigations into child language development.
Global reporting of obesity is commonly based on comparisons over multiple decades1 and lacks a granular and systematic analysis of its dynamics. We used 4,050 population-based studies with measured height and weight data on 232 million participants to assess the worldwide dynamics of obesity from 1980 to 2024. The rise in obesity decelerated in school-aged children and adolescents throughout the 1990s in many high-income countries, and subsequently plateaued in most at age-standardized prevalences spanning 20 percentage points, from 3-4% for girls in Japan, Denmark and France to 23% for boys in the USA. There were indications of a small decline in obesity in children and adolescents in some high-income western countries (for example, Italy, Portugal and France) since the 2000s. Similar trends were seen in some countries in Central and Eastern Europe. In adults, the rise in obesity slowed down in high-income western countries about a decade after children, followed by a plateau or possibly a small reversal of the rise in some countries (for example, Spain). In most low-income and middle-income countries, the annual absolute change in prevalence has remained stable or increased over time, even though prevalence has surpassed that of high-income countries. These highly varied dynamics suggest that the social, economic and technological trends that influence the availability, affordability and use of different foods may have helped control the rise in obesity in high-income countries, but require policy interventions in low-income and middle-income countries.
Sepsis-induced liver failure remains a serious and often under-recognized complication of abdominal sepsis. Clinical reports suggest that liver dysfunction develops in a substantial proportion of these patients, and once failure ensues, mortality rises sharply. Despite progress in antimicrobial therapy and critical care support, there is still no therapy that directly halts or reliably reverses septic liver injury. Systemic drug administration frequently underperforms in this setting. Hepatic drug accumulation becomes unpredictable, pharmacokinetics shift, and immune dysregulation further complicates therapeutic control. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems have attempted to address these shortcomings by improving drug stability and circulation time. Yet their behavior under septic conditions remains inconsistent. This inconsistency may reflect a deeper issue: most carriers are engineered under relatively stable physiological assumptions that do not hold during systemic inflammation. Biomimetic platforms, particularly those derived from erythrocyte membranes, offer a different conceptual entry point. Rather than merely evading immune recognition, erythrocyte-based systems interact naturally with hepatic clearance pathways. During sepsis, erythrocyte turnover appears to accelerate, and macrophage-mediated clearance in the liver intensifies. This shift, while pathologic, may present a therapeutic opportunity. In this review, we examine current liver-targeted delivery strategies for sepsis-induced liver failure and critically assess the underexplored role of erythrocyte ghost-based systems. We discuss how sepsis-specific pathophysiological changes reshape carrier biodistribution, identify translational constraints, and propose design considerations for inflammation-adaptive biomimetic platforms. By reconsidering hepatic clearance not solely as a pharmacokinetic barrier but as a potential delivery route, we outline a disease-aligned approach to nanomedicine design in septic organ failure.
Malaria remains one of the most persistent infectious threats in sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of disease and mortality are disproportionately concentrated among children under five years of age. The World Health Organization's endorsement of the RTS, S/AS01 vaccine in October 2021 and the R21/Matrix-M vaccine in October 2023 represents a major scientific advance; however, the central question confronting African policymakers, donors, and governments is no longer scientific but financial. In 2024, an estimated 282 million malaria cases and 610,000 deaths occurred worldwide, with the African region accounting for more than 94% of cases and 95% of deaths. The Vaccine Alliance has committed to malaria vaccine introduction through its advance market commitment model; however, its tiered co-financing framework places a fiscal burden on the highest-burden, lowest-income countries. The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates how vaccine nationalism and concentrated manufacturing can delay equitable access in Africa. Effective vaccine delivery also requires sustained investment in cold-chain systems, the health workforce, and immunisation platforms reaching conflict-affected areas, the costs of which are frequently excluded from procurement estimates. Most African Union member states remain below the Abuja Declaration target of 15% national health spending, sustaining dependence on external financing and undermining health sovereignty. Coordinated action by donors, governments, and manufacturers, including predictable multi-year financing, differential pricing, and measurable domestic allocations, is needed to prevent distribution by purchasing power rather than by epidemiological need. This comment aims to examine who will finance malaria vaccines in Africa and how equitable and sustainable delivery can be secured.
BACKGROUND: Epididymal leiomyosarcoma is a rare, malignant neoplasm (Fisher et al. in Am J Surg Pathol 25(9):1143–9, 2001) characterized by rapid growth and aggressive behavior. Over the past decade, fewer than 30 cases of epididymal leiomyosarcoma have been reported globally. CASE PRESENTATION: In 2024, a male presented to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Universityl with a left scrotal mass. The patient underwent scrotal ultrasound and pelvic MRI, initially diagnosed with a hypervascular tumor of the epididymis; however, the precise nature of the tumor remained indeterminate before surgery. Following radical orchiectomy, postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of epididymal leiomyosarcoma. CONCLUSION: Although epididymal leiomyosarcoma represents a rare entity, it should be included in the differential diagnosis when patients present with a progressive scrotal mass demonstrating characteristic imaging features of diffusion restriction, heterogeneous hypoechogenicity, and hypervascularity. Notably, despite the well-demarcated contours and regular configuration of early-stage lesions, radical orchiectomy should be strongly recommended over simple epididymectomy given the tumor’s aggressive biological behavior. Simple epididymectomy is associated with higher recurrence rates. Long-term, rigorous surveillance remains paramount for disease management.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
The worldwide increase in myopia and its associated complications has sparked a growing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI). This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the application of AI in myopia. Articles and review articles on AI in myopia were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). VOSviewer and CiteSpace served as the core tools for bibliometric analysis. Our study included a total of 305 relevant articles, with a steady increase in publications observed from 2010 to 2024. The People's Republic of China secured the top position among the most published countries and Capital Medical University and Sun Yat-sen University emerged as the most active institutions. Xu Xun and Zhou Xingtao contributed the most papers in this area. Translational Vision Science & Technology was the most prolific journal. Keywords analysis highlighted myopia management, orthokeratology and atropine, optical coherence tomography, refractive surgery, and myopia complications as key research areas. While notable advancements have been achieved in early screening, precise diagnosis, and progression prediction of myopia, research on intervention prognosis prediction and intervention decision-making remains inadequate. While AI has revolutionized myopia screening and diagnosis. further investigation is needed into clinical decision-making on interventions for myopia care. Balancing intervention costs, efficacy, and side effects is critical to advancing the development of AI in myopia in the future.
little has been documented about public perceptions and acceptance of the mpox vaccine in endemic countries, such as Nigeria. We assessed public awareness, risk perception, and correlates of vaccine acceptability in urban Kano, Nigeria. employing a mixed methods design, structured questionnaires were administered to 415 adults in metropolitan Kano. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression and the framework approach. nearly all respondents (99.0%, n=411) have heard about mpox, but only one-half (49.9%, n=207) of the respondents were willing to take the mpox vaccine. Female respondents were 33% less likely to accept mpox vaccination (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=0.67, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.42-0.92). Respondents who perceived mpox as a severe disease (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI, 1.12-2.20), those who self-assessed as high risk (aOR=2.10, 95% CI, 1.10-7.46) or who perceived vaccines as protective (aOR=8.99, 95% CI,1.79-45.30) were more likely to accept the vaccine. There were three-fold increased odds of accepting the mpox vaccine among participants who received vaccinations during adulthood (aOR=3.58, 95% CI, 2.20-5.82), and those who were vaccinated against COVID-19 (aOR=2.86, 95% CI, 1.45-5.64). Reasons for vaccine hesitancy include vaccine safety concerns, low-risk perception, mistrust of authorities and pharmaceutical companies, the newness of the vaccine, hurried introduction, fear of side effects, and perceived misplaced government priorities. Mpox awareness was near-universal in our study population, but mpox vaccine acceptance was sub-optimal. mpox vaccine acceptance was influenced by sociodemographic (gender, ethnicity, religion), vulnerability (perceived risk, perceived effectiveness of vaccines), and health behavior-related (COVID-19 vaccination status) factors. Risk communication, community engagement, and socio-behavioral interventions could help build public confidence and boost vaccine acceptance in similar settings.
The extent of artificial intelligence (AI) engagement and factors influencing its use among medical and allied health students in low-resource settings are not well documented. We assessed the knowledge and correlates of ChatGPT use among medical, dental, and allied health students in Nigeria. We used a cross-sectional mixed-methods study design and self-administered structured questionnaires, followed by in-depth interviews with a sub-sample (n = 20) of students. We employed logistic regression models to generate adjusted odds ratios, and thematic analysis to identify key factors. Of the 420 respondents, 77.4% (n = 325) demonstrated moderate to good knowledge of ChatGPT. Most respondents (61.9%, n = 260) reported prior ChatGPT use in medical education, motivated mainly by ease of use (75.0%) and efficiency (72.1%). Major concerns included risk of dependency (65.0%), inaccuracy (49.7%), doubts about reliability (49.3%), and ethical issues (41.7%). ChatGPT use was more likely among male students (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.62, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.13-3.72), older cohorts (≥ 25 years) (aOR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.16-4.50), final-year students (aOR = 2.46, 95%CI 1.12-5.67), those with good knowledge (aOR = 3.27, 95%CI 1.59-7.36), and those with positive attitudes (aOR = 4.29, 95%CI 1.92-8.56). Qualitative themes reinforced concerns about errors, ethics, and infrastructure limitations. We found moderate knowledge and engagement with ChatGPT among medical and allied health students in Nigeria. Engagement was influenced by gender, age, year of study, knowledge, and attitude. Targeted education and guidelines for responsible AI use will be important in shaping the future of medical and health professional education in similar settings.
Over the years, cancer has continued to be a leading global health threat, prompting researchers to explore advanced therapies that go beyond traditional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Among these advanced therapies, gene therapy and immunotherapy have shown significant promise in treating cancer by either altering genetic makeup or stimulating the immune system. However, their clinical applications face significant obstacles such as poor drug delivery, rapid degradation, and immune system clearance. Hybrid nanocarriers have emerged as a transformative development in modern precision oncology, enabling the co-delivery of gene therapy and immunotherapy agents in a highly targeted manner to address the persistent limitations of traditional cancer treatments. This review focuses on hybrid nanocarrier systems specifically engineered for co-delivery applications and critically evaluates when and how these multifunctional platforms outperform conventional single-modality or non-hybrid formulations. We compare key hybrid architectures in terms of payload compatibility, pharmacokinetics, immune modulation, and translational readiness, and examine the influence of tumor microenvironmental characteristics on their therapeutic performance. Particular emphasis is placed on stimuli-responsive designs, biomimetic surface engineering, and artificial intelligence-assisted optimization as emerging strategies to enhance co-delivery efficacy. By synthesizing current evidence and identifying key scientific and manufacturing gaps, this review aims to provide a practical foundation for advancing hybrid nanocarriers from laboratory development to clinically meaningful, personalized cancer therapies.
Phytoremediation technology is an environmentally benign, potent, and cost-effective approach for treating contaminated ecological sites. To yield a worthwhile remediation performance, phytoremediation technology involves amalgamating multifarious techniques and strategies. The primary objective of this research was to look into the effects of seasonal changes, contamination level, and EDTA chelation on Brown mustard's potential to extract Lead (Pb) from synthetically contaminated soil and its response to antioxidant enzyme activity. Soil samples containing 5 mg kg-1 of EDTA were spiked with 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg-1 of Pb, while the control group (unspiked) without EDTA addition was used. The results indicated that adding EDTA in winter (winter + EDTA) significantly increased (p < 0.05) plant growth by 18.83%. Observing the seasonal variation, the removal efficiency of Pb was achieved in this order: summer + EDTA > winter + EDTA > summer + No EDTA > winter + No EDTA. The results also showed that the removal rate had improved up to 52.53% as the concentration of Pb rose from 67 to 500 mg kg-1 but showed a decline after reaching 1000 mg kg-1, indicating a maximum Pb stress level. Additionally, the EDTA chelation during winter demonstrated a significant effect on the ability of Brown mustard to accumulate higher levels of Pb in both roots and leaves, with 500 mg kg-1 as the optimal level taken by the plant throughout the experiment. Except for CAT, the increased enzyme activities were observed under EDTA chelation while Pb-stress (1000 mg kg-1) reduced the enzyme activities by over 4%. The findings suggest that having 143 U/g CAT, 285 U/g SOD, and 14.9 U/g MDA in the summer season with EDTA amendments were the most suitable recourse for decontamination of Pb-polluted soil compared to a single-factor treatment. Seasonal changes and EDTA chelation are two significant factors that influence plant growth, nutrient/metal uptake, and toxicity resistance, but existing literature focuses only on a single factor. This study investigates the impact of seasonal changes on the growth and phytore­mediation potential of Brown mustard in lead-treated-EDTA-amended soils. It examines the bioactivity of the plant’s free radical scavenging enzymes, including SOD, CAT, POD, and MDA, under the influence of seasonal variations and EDTA chelation. The study also examines the impact of total Pb concentration and its bioavailability on Pb decontamination potential, Pb accumulation, plant growth, and enzyme activities. The findings aim to improve conventional phytoremediation techniques.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
There is a dearth of information regarding mpox risk perception and vaccine acceptance among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in countries with a dual burden of HIV and mpox, such as Nigeria. We used an explanatory mixed methods design and structured questionnaires administered to a clinic-based sample of people living with HIV (n=430), followed by in-depth interviews with a purposive subsample (n=20). Data were analysed using binary logistic regression and the framework approach. More than one-third (38.1% [n=164]) of the respondents self-perceived a high risk of mpox and 64.4% (n=277) indicated a willingness to receive the vaccine. Willingness to accept the mpox vaccine was positively associated with male sex, older age, non-Muslim faith, unmarried status, post-secondary education and current civil service employment. The odds of accepting the mpox vaccine was also higher among respondents who perceived mpox as a serious disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.41 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.12 to 2.35]), self-assessed a higher risk (aOR 1.66 [95% CI 1.19 to 3.06]) and were concerned about contracting the disease (aOR 1.78 [95% CI 1.12 to 3.94]). Reasons for hesitancy included anxiety about vaccine-antiretroviral drug interactions, low risk perception, perceived protection from antiretroviral treatment, the newness of the vaccine, mistrust of authorities and pharmaceutical companies and concerns regarding vaccine safety. Mpox risk perception and vaccine acceptance were suboptimal. Vaccine acceptance was influenced by sociodemographic, perceived susceptibility and health behaviour-related factors. Targeted risk communication will enhance acceptance of mpox vaccination among people living with HIV in Nigeria.
Introduction: Access to HIV care remains challenging, especially for patients living in remote areas, despite advances in antiretroviral treatment. The acceptability of teleconsultations for routine HIV care post-COVID is not well-explored. We explored factors influencing teleconsultation acceptability among people living with HIV (PLWH) and attending a tertiary care center in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: We used a cross-sectional mixed methods study design. Structured questionnaires were administered to 415 PLWH, supplemented by in-depth interviews with a subsample (n = 20). Logistic regression models and thematic analysis were used for data analyses. Results: Of 415 respondents, 55.7% (n = 231) expressed willingness for teleconsultations. Primary motivations included convenience/efficiency (46.7%, n = 194), elimination of travel expenses (31.8%, n = 132), and remote access to specialist care (17.3%, n = 72). Reasons for reluctance included distrust of technology (61.9%, n = 260) and privacy concerns (37.1%, n = 156). Acceptance was higher among males (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-3.72), participants with at least secondary education (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.27-4.97), monthly income ≥30,000 Naira (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.21-7.31), currently married (aOR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.16-5.65), and participants without comorbidities (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.18-4.24). PLWH who self-assessed as being in good health (aOR = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.44-9.94), used the internet regularly (aOR = 3.12, 95% CI = 2.17-5.37), or were aware of telemedicine (aOR = 3.24, 95% CI = 2.45-7.68) were also more accepting of telehealth services. Themes highlighted the need to offer teleconsultation as an optional service. Conclusion: Teleconsultation acceptance among PLWH was influenced by sociodemographic, clinical, and technology-related factors. Successful integration of teleconsultation services for PLWH in similar settings necessitates targeted educational interventions and assessment of organizational readiness.
To determine the prevalence of functional disability among older people attending primary healthcare centers in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. The study used a cross-sectional design and gathered data from older adults (60 years and older) attending primary healthcare centers in Bisha. Data was collected using structured interviews based on the Katz Index of Independence in activities of daily living (ADL). Ordinal logistic regression models identified major ADL limiting variables. A total number of 396 respondents, with 40.7% (n=161) females. The prevalence of functional disability using the Katz ADL Index scale was 54%. Nearly half (45.5%) of the respondents fell within the independent range, 25.5% were moderately dependent, and 29% were completely dependent. Age (p=0.00), income (p=0.507), urban residence (p=0.003), and marital status (p=0.14) have positive estimated parameters adding to the log of odds in the higher category of the dependent variable (high dependence). A significant proportion of older adults in Bisha, Saudi Arabia, experience functional limitations, highlighting the need for interventions and support services.
In this study, copper-titanium (Cu-Ti) composite coatings with 6 wt.% titanium content were fabricated via cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) using nitrogen as the propellant gas. The synergistic effects of propellant gas temperatures (600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C) and post-heat treatment temperatures (350 °C, 380 °C, 400 °C) on the microstructure and tensile properties were systematically investigated. Tensile testing, microhardness characterization, and fractography analysis revealed that increasing the propellant gas temperature significantly enhanced the plastic deformation of copper particles, leading to simultaneous improvements in deposit density and interfacial bonding strength. The as-sprayed specimen prepared at 800 °C propellant gas temperature exhibited a tensile strength of 338 MPa, representing a 69% increase over the 600 °C specimen. Post-heat treatment effectively eliminated the work-hardening effects induced by cold spraying, with the 400 °C treated material achieving an elongation of 15% while maintaining tensile strength above 270 MPa. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that high propellant gas temperatures (800 °C) promoted the formation of dense lamellar stacking structures in copper particles, which, combined with a recrystallized fine-grained microstructure induced by 400 °C heat treatment, enabled synergistic optimization of strength and ductility. This work provides critical experimental insights for process optimization in CSAM-fabricated Cu-Ti composites.
Cold-spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is an emerging solid-state deposition technology that effectively mitigates common defects associated with conventional thermal processes, such as oxidation, phase transformation, and residual stresses. In this study, copper-titanium (Cu-Ti) composite coatings were fabricated via high-pressure CSAM using mixed powders with Ti contents of 3, 6, and 10 wt.%. The influence of Ti content and post-heat treatment (350-400 °C) on the tensile properties of the composites was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) remained consistently within the range of 265-285 MPa under all conditions, showing only a mild positive correlation with Ti content. In contrast, ductility was significantly influenced by Ti addition, with elongation decreasing markedly as the Ti content increased. Notably, the composite with 3 wt.% Ti heat-treated at 400 °C exhibited a well-balanced combination of tensile strength (270 MPa) and ductility (20% elongation). These findings demonstrate that CSAM-fabricated Cu-Ti composites possess attractive mechanical properties, which can be tailored through Ti content and heat treatment.
Immunization is an important public health intervention that reduces morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This study aimed to determine and compare the correlates of routine immunization uptake among under-five children of nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani in Yobe State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to study the eligible caregivers and under-five children in the selected households using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, observation for the child immunization card, or a recall of immunization history. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a statistical significance set at p≤5%. The response rate among nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani was (348/348, 100% vs. 345/348, 99%).The Penta 1 uptake based on routine immunization cards among nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children was (23.6% vs.76.4% P<0.001).Availability of the vaccine (adjusted odds ratio = 22, 95% confidence interval = 13.7-35.5), the purpose of vaccination (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-3.4), vaccines safety (adjusted odds ratio = 17.3, 95% confidence interval = 10.0-29.8), and friendly healthcare workers (adjusted odds ratio = 18.8, 95% confidence interval = 11.3-31.3) were found to be independent predictors facilitating uptake of routine immunization among nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children, while long distance to the health facility (adjusted odds ratio = 9.6, 95% confidence interval = 6.6-14.0), lack of knowledge on immunization (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.4-2.9), fear of side effect (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.5), were independent barriers to uptake of routine immunization among nomad and non-nomadic under-five children. Vaccine uptake is still a problem among nomads and non-nomadic under-five children. The government and relevant stakeholders should ensure a strategy for improved outreach services to all the nomads and hard-to-reach settlements.