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Horner syndrome, characterized by the triad of unilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis, typically arises following a stroke, surgical interventions in the neck and chest, or trauma. Horner syndrome is rare in children. This study presents the case of a 9-year-old girl with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) caused by renal hypodysplasia. After permcath insertion, she developed a severe headache and anisocoria, followed by ptosis and a progressively expanding neck hematoma. Physical examination and MRI of the neck revealed that Horner syndrome, caused by hematoma formation following permcath placement, was the diagnosis. Supportive interventions were implemented, leading to significant improvement in Horner syndrome over a six-month period. Complications from permcath insertion can be a cause of Horner syndrome.
Interventional oncology provides image-guided therapies, including transarterial tumor embolization and percutaneous tumor ablation, for malignant tumors in a minimally invasive manner. As in other medical fields, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in interventional oncology has garnered significant attention. This narrative review describes the current state of AI applications in interventional oncology based on recent literature. A literature search revealed a rapid increase in the number of studies relevant to this topic recently. Investigators have attempted to use AI for various tasks, including automatic segmentation of organs, tumors, and treatment areas; treatment simulation; improvement of intraprocedural image quality; prediction of treatment outcomes; and detection of post-treatment recurrence. Among these, the AI-based prediction of treatment outcomes has been the most studied. Various deep and conventional machine learning algorithms have been proposed for these tasks. Radiomics has often been incorporated into prediction and detection models. Current literature suggests that AI is potentially useful in various aspects of interventional oncology, from treatment planning to post-treatment follow-up. However, most AI-based methods discussed in this review are still at the research stage, and few have been implemented in clinical practice. To achieve widespread adoption of AI technologies in interventional oncology procedures, further research on their reliability and clinical utility is necessary. Nevertheless, considering the rapid research progress in this field, various AI technologies will be integrated into interventional oncology practices in the near future.
Accurate needle placement is critical in percutaneous thoracoabdominal interventions. Conventional CT-guided procedures are limited by iterative scans, operator-dependent variability, and two-dimensional visualization. This preclinical study evaluates a novel display-based augmented reality (AR) navigation system integrating virtual-to-real registration via deltille grid position sensing (DGPS) markers for enhanced needle guidance. Experiments were conducted on a CIRS abdominal phantom with three operators: one expert interventional radiologist and two novices. Puncture accuracy, angular deviation, procedure time, and number of verification scans were assessed. AR guidance achieved first-pass distance errors of 1.50 (0.46) mm for the expert and 1.66 (0.50) mm and 1.58 (1.06) mm for novices, with angular deviations of 1.41°, 1.30°, and 1.39°, respectively. No significant operator-related differences were observed. Compared with conventional step-and-shoot CT guidance, AR guidance reduced the first-pass and final-pass targeting error, while conventional CT guidance relies on iterative scan-adjust-advance steps to achieve acceptable final accuracy, with AR reducing intermediate re-scans while retaining a single final verification scan. The findings indicate that AR navigation enhances first-pass precision, reduces procedural variability, and improves workflow efficiency, supporting its potential clinical value for more consistent and efficient minimally invasive interventions.
Background/Objectives: Pleural mesothelioma (PM) frequently recurs despite multimodal therapy. Here, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the safety and potential clinical benefit of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for recurrent PM. Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients underwent CT-guided RFA between July 2019 and June 2025. The cohort comprised 13 men and 1 woman, with a median age of 69 (range, 54–77) years. All patients had previously received systemic therapy and 12 had undergone surgery. Seven patients (50%) presented with multiple lesions, and 25 tumors (median diameter 1.8 cm; range, 0.5–7.0 cm) were treated in 23 sessions. Outcomes assessed were local tumor control, complications, and survival. Local progression and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Adverse events were classified according to the Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines. Results: Technical success was achieved in all sessions. Two tumors showed local recurrence, corresponding to 1- and 2-year local progression rates of 10.6%. Seven patients showed distant metastases, most of whom subsequently received systemic therapy. Three patients died, two from disease progression and one from treatment-related gastrointestinal perforation during therapy for an unrelated cancer. The overall survival rates were 100%, 100%, and 60% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Major and minor complications occurred in one case each (4.3%): a refractory skin ulcer and retroperitoneal hematoma, respectively. Conclusions: RFA was technically feasible and generally well tolerated, and helped achieve encouraging local control and survival in patients with recurrent PM, warranting further evaluation of RFA as a complementary approach in multimodal treatment strategies.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of nasal high-flow humidified oxygen therapy (HFHO) in improving oxygenation and respiratory function. METHODS: ), respiratory parameters, and Radiological Atelectasis Score (RAS). Secondary outcomes included re-intubation rates, ICU length of stay, and overall hospital stay duration. RESULTS: (90.92% ± 0.93%; P < 0.001) post-treatment. Additionally, HFHO was associated with a lower re-intubation rate (6.54% vs 17.6%; P = 0.011) and shorter ICU (3.88 ± 0.63 days; P = 0.023) and hospital stays (10.57 ± 0.6 days; P = 0.004). The RAS significantly improved in the HFHO group by days 3-5 post-operation (1.17 ± 0.3; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: HFHO offers superior outcomes in oxygenation and respiratory function compared to conventional oxygen therapy in patients with Stanford Type B aortic dissection and hypoxemia.
Postoperative chylous fistula in abdominal surgery for benign pathologies is an extremely rare complication. This condition usually develops after extensive resections, chest or neck surgery, and is characterized by lymphatic leakage outside the abdominal cavity. In the following report, we describe two cases of patients undergoing non-oncologic abdominal surgery who developed a chylous fistula during the postoperative period and who responded adequately to conservative management.
With the development of comprehensive treatment, locoregional transarterial chemotherapy has become an alternative conversion therapy, palliative therapy, and neoadjuvant therapy for many solid malignant tumors. Locoregional transarterial chemotherapy, which is most frequently used for treating liver cancer, has the characteristics of high regional efficacy and few systemic adverse reactions. In recent years, the number of relevant reports of locoregional chemotherapy for treating initially inoperable colorectal cancer (CRC), including non-metastatic and metastatic CRC, has gradually increased. However, the specific treatment options for such locoregional therapy are not the same, and its indications, medication regimens and combined treatments have not reached any consensus. In this review, the application status of locoregional transarterial chemotherapy in primary and metastatic CRC patients has been reviewed and summarized to provide a reference for future clinical work and scientific research.
Extravasation, the unintended leakage of intravenously administered substances, poses significant challenges in cancer treatment, particularly during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention strategies, management approaches, complications, and long-term effects of extravasation in cancer patients. It also outlines future directions and research opportunities, including identifying gaps in current knowledge and proposing areas for further investigation in extravasation prevention and management. Emerging technologies and therapies with the potential to improve extravasation prevention and management in both chemotherapy and radiotherapy are highlighted. Such innovations include advanced vein visualization technologies, smart catheters, targeted drug delivery systems, novel topical treatments, and artificial intelligence-based image analysis. By addressing these aspects, this review not only provides healthcare professionals with insights to enhance patient safety and optimize clinical practice but also underscores the importance of ongoing research and innovation in improving outcomes for cancer patients experiencing extravasation events.
The caudate lobe is located between the bilateral hepatic lobes and is divided into three subsegments: the Spiegel lobe, paracaval portion, and caudate process. The caudate artery arises from various sites of the bilateral hepatic arteries as an independent branch, common trunk, or arcade. Extrahepatic arteries can enter the caudate lobe mainly by the right inferior phrenic artery. The caudate artery also supplies the main bile duct and posterior aspect of segment IV. Although catheterization into the caudate artery is occasionally difficult because of its small size and sharp angulation, selective embolization of a tumor feeder is a significant prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma originating there. Therefore, we should recognize the peculiarity of its vascular anatomy and should be familiar with catheterization and embolization techniques.
Sinh thiết phổi xuyên thành ngực dưới hướng dẫn chụp cắt lớp vi tính là một công cụ không thể thiếu trong việc đánh giá các bất thường ở phổi do độ chính xác chẩn đoán cao trong việc phát hiện khối u ác tính. Sinh thiết phổi xuyên thành ngực đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong việc thu được bằng chứng bệnh ác tính, hướng dẫn xác định giai đoạn và lập kế hoạch điều trị. Bài viết nêu lên tổng quan, hiệu quả và biến chứng liên quan của kỹ thuật sinh thiết này.