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Journal of Palliative MedicineVol. 3, No. 1 Innovations in End-of-Life CareTaking a Spiritual History Allows Clinicians to Understand Patients More FullyDr. Christina Puchalski and Anna L. RomerDr. Christina Puchalski and Anna L. RomerPublished Online:19 Apr 2005https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2000.3.129AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byVerbalizing spiritual needs in palliative care: a qualitative interview study on verbal and non-verbal communication in two Danish hospices4 January 2022 | BMC Palliative Care, Vol. 21, No. 1Implementation of an Educational Toolkit to Increase Nurse Competence in Spirituality and Spiritual Care of Oncology Patients8 November 2022 | Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol. 5Posicionamento sobre a Saúde Cardiovascular nas Mulheres – 2022Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Vol. 119, No. 5Experiences of German health care professionals with spiritual history taking in primary care: a mixed-methods process evaluation of the HoPES3 intervention15 October 2022 | Family Practice, Vol. 29Religious and spiritual journeys of LGBT older adults in rural Southern Appalachia25 October 2021 | Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, Vol. 34, No. 4The CASH assessment tool: A window into existential suffering19 May 2021 | Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, Vol. 28, No. 4Integrating religion/spirituality into professional social work practice27 July 2022 | Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, Vol. 41, No. 4The Concept of Spirituality in the Health Sector: Contributions from the Study of Religion27 September 2022 | International Journal of Latin American Religions, Vol. 12Systematic review: The relationship between religion, spirituality and mental health in adolescents who identify as transgender13 September 2022 | Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, Vol. 26„Des Lebens Ruf an uns wird niemals enden“ – Sinnzentrierte Interventionen im Überblick30 August 2022 | Zeitschrift für Palliativmedizin, Vol. 23, No. 05Case discussion: The critically ill older adult in spiritual distressGeriatric Nursing, Vol. 47Australian Patient Preferences for the Introduction of Spirituality into their Healthcare Journey: A Mixed Methods Study3 August 2022 | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. 27Religion, Spirituality, and Ethics in Psychiatric Practice30 March 2022 | Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, Vol. 210, No. 8Spiritual distress in dialysis: A case report21 July 2022 | Progress in Palliative Care, Vol. 211Interprofessional communication training to address spiritual aspects of cancer care19 July 2022 | Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, Vol. 29Spirituality in Serious Illness and HealthJAMA, Vol. 328, No. 2What is the role of spiritual care specialists in teaching generalist spiritual care? The perspectives of pastoral care staff in a large Catholic health and aged care organisation.5 July 2022 | Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, Vol. 63Teaching spirituality to medical students: a systematic review17 June 2021 | Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, Vol. 28, No. 3Biblical narratives and the planned change process in social work: assessment tool integration of faith and learning5 May 2022 | Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, Vol. 41, No. 3God, spirituality and religion in women dying from gynecological cancer19 July 2021 | Climacteric, Vol. 25, No. 3Palliative Professionals’ Views on the Importance of Religion, Belief, and Spiritual Identities toward the End of Life16 May 2022 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 10“Spirituality is everybody’s business”: an exploration of the impact of spiritual care training upon the perceptions and practice of rehabilitation professionals25 September 2020 | Disability and Rehabilitation, Vol. 44, No. 8A quality improvement project to standardize chaplain documentation in the electronic medical record28 December 2020 | Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, Vol. 28, No. 2Corrigendum: Spirituality/Religiosity as a Therapeutic Resource in Clinical Practice: Conception of Undergraduate Medical Students of the Paulista School of Medicine (Escola Paulista de Medicina) - Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo)29 March 2022 | Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13AD-LAST! An interdisciplinary clinical workshop to improve cultural and spiritual awareness in advance care planning skills15 March 2022 | Palliative and Supportive Care, Vol. 55Hope pictured in drawings by patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer11 March 2022 | Journal of Clinical Nursing, Vol. 298Addressing spiritual distress in pediatric oncology14 January 2022 | Pediatric Blood & Cancer, Vol. 69, No. 3Exploring the Meaning of Spirituality and Spiritual Care with Help From Viktor Frankl24 June 2021 | Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol. 40, No. 1Standardized Spiritual Screening Increases Chaplain Referrals Through the EMR: A Nurse-Chaplain Collaboration for Holistic Acute Healthcare23 February 2022 | Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol. 63Interplay between spirituality and religiosity on the physical and mental well-being of cancer survivors15 September 2021 | Supportive Care in Cancer, Vol. 30, No. 2Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Spirituality in Serious Illness Allison Kestenbaum, George Fitchett, Paul Galchutt, Dirk Labuschagne, Shelley E. 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Kamal3 February 2022 | Journal of Palliative Medicine, Vol. 25, No. 2Moving Beyond Spiritual Assessments: A Dynamic, Augustinian Approach to Spiritual Care of the Dying24 January 2022 | Journal of Pastoral Theology, Vol. 29Integrating Spiritual Care in the Frame1 January 2022Evaluation of a Spiritual History with Elderly Multi-Morbid Patients in General Practice—A Mixed-Methods Study within the Project HoPES34 January 2022 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 1Invited Commentary: Religious Service Attendance and Implications for Clinical Care, Community Participation, and Public Health11 May 2021 | American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 191, No. 1Use of the Classic Hallucinogen Psilocybin for Treatment of Existential Distress Associated with Cancer1 January 2022Religiousness and Spirituality in Coping with Cancer1 January 2022Spirituality/Religiosity as a Therapeutic Resource in Clinical Practice: Conception of Undergraduate Medical Students of the Paulista School of Medicine (Escola Paulista de Medicina) - Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo)24 December 2021 | Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 12Patient desire for spiritual assessment is unmet in urban and rural primary care settings31 March 2021 | BMC Health Services Research, Vol. 21, No. 1Australian perspectives on spiritual care training in healthcare: A Delphi study13 July 2021 | Palliative and Supportive Care, Vol. 19, No. 6Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework18 November 2021 | Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 12Assessing the Impact of Provider Training and Perceived Barriers on the Provision of Spiritual Care: a Mixed Methods Study12 November 2021 | Journal of Cancer Education, Vol. 5Development of an Instrument to Assess Spirituality: Reliability and Validation of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES)4 November 2021 | Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 12Association between Spirituality, Religiosity, Spiritual Pain, Symptom Distress, and Quality of Life among Latin American Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Multicenter Study Marvin O. Delgado-Guay, Alejandra Palma, Eva Duarte, Mónica Grez, Laura Tupper, Diane D. Liu, and Eduardo Bruera27 October 2021 | Journal of Palliative Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 11Spirituality and Vicarious Trauma Among Trauma Clinicians: A Qualitative Study19 October 2021 | Journal of Trauma Nursing, Vol. 28, No. 6Abordando o Sofrimento Existencial na Pessoa com Cancro20 February 2022 | Revista Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde MentalQuestioning Capacity in an Elderly Jamaican Man with Terminal Cancer Exhibiting Near-Death Awareness: A Case Report and Review of Literature Cynthia X. Pan, Kelly Thomson, Bruno A. Costa, and Jane Morris13 August 2021 | Journal of Palliative Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 9Posicionamento sobre Hipertensão Arterial e Espiritualidade – 20211 September 2021 | Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Vol. 117, No. 3The Content, Teaching Methods and Effectiveness of Spiritual Care Training for Healthcare Professionals: A Mixed-Methods Systematic ReviewJournal of Pain and Symptom Management, Vol. 62, No. 3Religiosity and spirituality in psychiatry residency programs: why, what, and how to teach?1 August 2021 | Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 43, No. 4Editorial: children’s life, religiosity and spirituality matter: perspectives of special groups and their related adults16 July 2021 | International Journal of Children's Spirituality, Vol. 26, No. 3Development and protocol for a nurse-led telephonic palliative care programNursing Outlook, Vol. 69, No. 4Psychological Distress Among a Tunisian Community Sample During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Correlations with Religious Coping27 March 2021 | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. 60, No. 3Optimism and social support as contributing factors to spirituality in Cancer patients3 January 2021 | Supportive Care in Cancer, Vol. 29, No. 6A mixed‐methods approach to comparing perceptions of cancer patients' and cancer care providers' religious and spiritual beliefs, behaviours, and attitudes23 December 2020 | European Journal of Cancer Care, Vol. 30, No. 3Spirituality and religion in residents and inter-relationships with clinical practice and residency training: a scoping review28 May 2021 | BMJ Open, Vol. 11, No. 5Using Simulation to Prepare Students for Medical Mission TripsJournal of Christian Nursing, Vol. 38, No. 2Implementation of a Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy training (MCPT) program for oncology clinicians: a qualitative analysis of facilitators and barriers9 October 2019 | Translational Behavioral Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 1Medical student reflections: Chaplain shadowing as a model for compassionate care training27 September 2020 | Medical Teacher, Vol. 43, No. 1Competence 3: Spiritual Care, Assessment and Planning19 May 2021Psychospirituelle Ressourcen in einer VUCA-Welt: Implikationen für Beratung und Coaching26 May 2021Application and Implementation of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire in Spiritual Care Processes29 May 2021Spiritual Care in Health Care: Guideline, Models, Spiritual Assessment and the Use of the ©FICA Spiritual History Tool29 May 2021Relevance of Addressing Spiritual Needs for Clinical Support in Palliative Medicine29 May 2021Addressing Spiritual Needs in Faith Community Nursing29 May 2021Sentidos de vida e morte: reflexões de pacientes em cuidados paliativos1 January 2021 | Psicologia USP, Vol. 32Spiritual Care Competencies for Advanced Practice Nurses16 October 2021Introduction to Spirituality16 October 2021Global APN Case Study in Spirituality-Stories of Hope from Australia16 October 2021Four aspects of spiritual care: a phenomenological action research study on practicing and improving spiritual care at two Danish hospices22 October 2021 | Palliative Care and Social Practice, Vol. 15A Holistic Approach to Meeting Physical, Social and Psychological Needs23 December 2020Effectiveness of spiritual care training for rehabilitation professionals: An exploratory controlled trialNeuroRehabilitation, Vol. 47, No. 4Spiritual Well-Being in People Living with Persistent Non-Cancer and Cancer-Related Pain9 December 2020 | Pain Medicine, Vol. 196Testing of a (Spiritual) Self-Assessment Tool ((S)SAT) in a Community Hospital Setting23 November 2020 | Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications, Vol. 74, No. 4Genetic counseling graduate training to address religion and spirituality in clinical practice: A qualitative exploration of programs in North America30 May 2020 | Journal of Genetic Counseling, Vol. 29, No. 6The relationship between caregivers’ perceptions of 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April 2020 | Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol. 20, No. 3Patterns of Religiosity, Death Anxiety, and Hope in a Population of Community-Dwelling Palliative Care Patients in New Zealand—What Gives Hope If Religion Can’t?9 December 2019 | American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, Vol. 37, No. 5Pain Management in Patients with Serious IllnessMedical Clinics of North America, Vol. 104, No. 3Varieties of Religious (Non)AffiliationJournal of Nervous & Mental Disease, Vol. 208, No. 5Cuidados paliativos31 August 2020 | PAJAR - Pan American Journal of Aging Research, Vol. 8, No. 1The Invisibility of Spiritual Nursing Care in Clinical Practice28 November 2019 | Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol. 38, No. 1Spirituality in heart failure: a review of the literature from 2014 to 2019 to identify spiritual care needs and spiritual interventionsCurrent Opinion in Supportive & Palliative Care, Vol. 14, No. 1Plädoyer für einen (berufs-) alltagstauglichen Begriff von 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Maiko, Steven Ivy, Beth Newton Watson, Kianna Montz, and Alexia M. Torke27 March 2019 | Journal of Palliative Medicine, Vol. 22, No. 4Time to follow the evidence – Spiritual care in health careEthics, Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 9How and When Is Role Modeling Effective? The Influence of Mentee Professional Identity on Mentoring Dynamics and Personal Learning Outcomes18 April 2019 | Group & Organization Management, Vol. 44, No. 2Teenagers and Cannabis Use: Why It's a Problem and What Can Be Done About ItJournal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, Vol. 57, No. 3Haken und Ösen: Spiritualität in der klinischen PalliativversorgungWege zum Menschen, Vol. 71, No. 2Approaching Spirituality Using the Patient-Centered Clinical Method27 January 2018 | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. 58, No. 1Medical Students’ (Dis)comfort with Assessing Religious and Spiritual Needs in a Standardized Patient Encounter10 October 2018 | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. 58, No. 1Spirituality and Religiosity of Pharmacy Students1 February 2019 | American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Vol. 83, No. 1Interprofessional spiritual care in oncology: a literature review16 February 2019 | ESMO Open, Vol. 4, No. 1Physical, Psychological/Psychiatric, Social, and Spiritual Problems and Symptoms13 April 2019Spiritual Assessment in Healthcare: An Overview of Comprehensive, Sensitive Approaches to Spiritual Assessment for Use Within the Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team18 May 2019The Role of the Nurse in Providing Spiritual Care: A Case Study Approach to Exploring Specific Care Provision by Healthcare Workers in the Context of an Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team18 May 2019Teaching and Learning About Spirituality in Healthcare Practice Settings18 May 2019Religion and Spirituality Among Medical Students5 June 2019Spiritual Care: The Role of Health Care Chaplaincy4 September 2019End-of-life milieu of critically sick children admitted to a pediatric hospital: A comparative study of survivors versus nonsurvivorsIndian Journal of Palliative Care, Vol. 25, No. 4Incorporating and Teaching Spirituality into Medical Education: An Overview of the Field and Possible Educational Strategies4 September 2019Religion, Spirituality, and Stress6 March 2019Toward Comprehensive Medicine: Listening to Spiritual and Religious Needs of Patients26 April 2019 | Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Vol. 5Din ve Psikoloji Arasındaki Uçurum Gerçekten Ne Kadar Derin? Psikoterapilerdeki Dini İzler15 December 2018 | Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, Vol. 22, No. 3Women's Perceptions of Using Short Films to Integrate Spirituality in TherapyJournal of Systemic Therapies, Vol. 37, No. 4Content Validation of Advanced Illness Criteria of a Palliative Care Screening Tool Lauren C. DiLello, Karen Mulvihill, Jennifer Delli Carpini, Riddhi Shah, Julia Hermanowski, and Damanjeet Chaubey29 October 2018 | Journal of Palliative Medicine, Vol. 21, No. 11Understanding, assessing, and in the spiritual of medical and October 2018 | Theology, Vol. 11, No. and of in Living with October 2018 | Journal of & Social Services, Vol. No. for the spirituality as October 2018 | Revista de Vol. 71, No. An of an aged psychiatry March 2018 | Psychiatry, Vol. 26, No. de de vida de de Vol. 25, No. support and with in Care in the Care A Narrative June | Journal of Care Medicine, Vol. No. Care in Cancer: in the of of Clinical Oncology Educational Vol. 3, No. religion/spirituality in clinical practice: A among social and and October | Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 74, No. Spirituality in Care December | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. 57, No. of to spiritual care at the of a phenomenological exploration from the of palliative care February 2018 | Journal for the Study of Spirituality, Vol. 8, No. Existential Distress in Pediatric Cancer December and Patient Spiritual in the through October of Spirituality in November Psychological/Psychiatric, Social, and Spiritual Problems and July and End-of-Life Care in Cancer in Oncology Nursing, Vol. No. Care in Hospice and Palliative Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, Vol. 20, No. and Spirituality: Literature review and Journal of Counseling, Vol. 18, No. of the tool existential communication between and cancer August | European Journal of General Practice, Vol. 23, No. Education and of Christian Nursing, Vol. 34, No. Care Interventions in to and Therapy C. and D. September | Journal of Palliative Medicine, Vol. 20, No. in Patients with A Qualitative September | Journal of Research in Nursing and Vol. 14, No. theory on the and in an exploratory case study September | Vol. 69, No. of the of Spirituality and Palliative Care Research and of Pain and Symptom Management, Vol. No. of a spiritual care training program for staff on November | Palliative and Supportive Care, Vol. 15, No. 4Spiritual distress and spiritual care in advanced heart July | Reviews, Vol. and Spiritual Patient Simulation in Nursing, Vol. No. Vol. 42, No. 4The impact of a spiritual in patients with and and their support December | Vol. 26, No. 3The Importance of a Spiritual History in Healthcare Vol. No. About Substance Use DisordersJournal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, Vol. No. and Spiritual Beliefs of April | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. No. Care Perceptions of and With of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, Vol. 19, No. in Substance Use What to Know to Practice30 November | in Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 38, No. End-of-Life Care to Religious and Vol. No. of Social Education, Vol. 53, No. Nursing Care and of Christian Nursing, Vol. 34, No. 1The of taking a religious and spiritual July | Psychiatry, Vol. 24, No. religion and spirituality in Vol. No. the role of religious in the at the of of Vol. No. care spiritual March | Supportive Care in Cancer, Vol. 24, No. Spiritual Care and the Role of An Review of Literature and April | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. No. of the Spiritual Needs of of with Is in the June | Journal of Palliative Medicine, Vol. 19, No. Impact of a Tool for Comprehensive Assessment of Palliative Care on Assessment at and of Pain and Symptom Management, Vol. No. from Healthcare Students to Understand Spiritual Assessment in Clinical Practice29 October | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. No. Spirituality in January | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. No. 3Development and of to Assess Nurse Provision of Spiritual August 2014 | Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol. 34, No. and Validation of the Practice Assessment September 2014 | Research on Social Practice, Vol. 26, No. and the Medical A of July | Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, Vol. 22, No. history taking in palliative care: A controlled September | Palliative Medicine, Vol. 30, No. Is Is Using A and the Life With American in Spiritual March | Journal of in Mental Health, Vol. 11, No. and spiritual in September | International Journal of and Mental Health, Vol. No. 1The of Hospital to and Patients’ Spiritual A May | Journal for the Study of Spirituality, Vol. No. 1The and to March End-of-Life Spiritual March in Holistic Patient Journal of Nursing, Vol. No. of spiritual assessment for older September 2014 | and Vol. No. und der der Care, Vol. No. Spirituality and A for Holistic January | Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. No. and Belief, in Care spiritual history tool by C. M. Puchalski as an for an interdisciplinary in January | Journal for of and Social Vol. 21, No. the of Spiritual A Pain and Palliative Care Service Quality of Pain and Symptom Management, Vol. No. of Spiritual Assessment in September | Vol. No. the of Christian Nursing, Vol. 32, No. 4Spiritual care: is the assessment tool for palliative Journal of Palliative Nursing, Vol. 21, No. und Spiritualität in der September | Vol. 60, No. of September of spirituality assessment in palliative care patients in November 2014 | Progress in Palliative Care, Vol. 23, No. 4The for Spiritual A Mixed-Methods July | Oncology Nursing Vol. 42, No. 4The Integration of Religion and Spirituality in Social Practice: A May | Social Vol. 60, No. 3The and Educational of a Spiritual Life Review for Patients with and June 2014 | Journal of Cancer Education, Vol. 30, No. in Geriatric Palliative in Geriatric Medicine, Vol. No. An for Spiritual Well-Being May | Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, Vol. 34, No. Spiritual Assessment March | Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, Vol. 21, No. American on Mental Health, and Help April | and Vol. 60, No. of Christian Nursing, Vol. 32, No. the Spiritual Needs and of Oncology Patients in Nursing Practice, Vol. 29, No. Care Training to Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic April | Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications, Vol. 69, No. analysis of spiritual

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social NetworkingVol. 23, No. 7 EditorialConnecting Through Technology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Avoiding “Zoom Fatigue”Brenda K. WiederholdBrenda K. WiederholdBrenda K. Wiederhold, Editor-in-Chief Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:10 Jul 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.29188.bkwAboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookXLinked InRedditEmail View article"Connecting Through Technology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Avoiding “Zoom Fatigue”." 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Elbogen, Megan Lanier, Sarah C. Griffin, Shannon M. Blakey, Jeffrey A. Gluff, H. 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The Journal of Alternative and Complementary MedicineVol. 26, No. 5 CommentariesPublic Health Approach of Ayurveda and Yoga for COVID-19 ProphylaxisGirish Tillu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Arvind Chopra, and Bhushan PatwardhanGirish TilluAYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.Search for more papers by this author, Sarika ChaturvediDr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pune, India.Search for more papers by this author, Arvind ChopraCenter for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.Search for more papers by this author, and Bhushan PatwardhanAddress correspondence to: Bhushan Patwardhan, AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India E-mail Address: [email protected]AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:11 May 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2020.0129AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookXLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDNA metabarcoding uncovers fungal communities in Zingiberis RhizomaChinese Herbal Medicines, Vol. 6"We are adapting to it because it is within us": The co‐becoming of COVID‐19 in Malawi20 December 2023 | World Medical & Health Policy, Vol. 5COVID-19 Cases and Comorbidities: Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Systems (CAM) for Integrated Management of the PandemicJournal of Herbal Medicine, Vol. 42Traditional Formulations for Managing COVID-19: A Systematic Review Rudra B. 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Kessler, Rama Jayasundar, Anupama Kizhakkeveettil, Antonio Morandi, and Rammanohar Puthiyedath9 December 2020 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 12A review on coronavirus survivability on material's surfaces: present research scenarios, technologies and future directions19 October 2020 | Surface Engineering, Vol. 36, No. 12Pipeline Pharmacological Therapies in Clinical Trial for COVID-19 Pandemic: a Recent Update18 July 2020 | Current Pharmacology Reports, Vol. 6, No. 5The role of Yoga in working from home during the COVID-19 global lockdownWork, Vol. 66, No. 4In the Turkish News: Coronavirus and "Alternative & complementary" medicine methodsComplementary Therapies in Medicine, Vol. 53Blessings in Disguise: Yoga and Meditation during Corona Lockdown31 August 2020 | Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 35Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: An Overhyped Hope5 August 2020 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 8हठयौगिक ग्रंथों में कफ संबंधी दोषों को दूर करने के लिये वर्णित यौगिक विधिया : कोविड-19 महामारी के विशेष संदर्भ में31 July 2020 | Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal, Vol. 16Meditation and Yoga Practices as Potential Adjunctive Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19: A Brief Overview of Key Subjects William Bushell, Ryan Castle, Michelle A. Williams, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Deepak Chopra, and Paul J. Mills14 July 2020 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 7AYUSH for COVID-19 managementJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 2Indians vs.COVID-19: The scenario of mental healthSensors International, Vol. 1Preventive strategies to combat infections–a review of traditional practices and Ayurveda concepts1 January 2020 | International Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 3COVID-19: A new horizon for ayurvedaAYUHOM, Vol. 7, No. 2Ayurveda: The promising shelter for the mankind in the wake of COVID-19 pandemicJournal of Ayurveda Case Reports, Vol. 3, No. 1Epidemic containment measures in Unani medicine and their contemporary relevanceJournal of Indian System of Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 2COVID 19 in ayurvedic perspectiveInternational Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 5 Volume 26Issue 5May 2020 InformationCopyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Girish Tillu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Arvind Chopra, and Bhushan Patwardhan.Public Health Approach of Ayurveda and Yoga for COVID-19 Prophylaxis.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.May 2020.360-364.http://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2020.0129Published in Volume: 26 Issue 5: May 11, 2020Online Ahead of Print:April 20, 2020 TopicsCOVID-19Yoga PDF download

Academia and Clinic18 August 2009Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA StatementFREEDavid Moher, PhD, Alessandro Liberati, MD, DrPH, Jennifer Tetzlaff, BSc, and Douglas G. Altman, DSc, the PRISMA Group*David Moher, PhDFrom Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author, Alessandro Liberati, MD, DrPHFrom Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author, Jennifer Tetzlaff, BScFrom Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author, and Douglas G. Altman, DScFrom Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author, the PRISMA Group*Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Editor's Note: In order to encourage dissemination of the PRISMA Statement, this article is freely accessible on the Annals of Internal Medicine Web site (www.annals.org) and will be also published in PLOS Medicine, BMJ, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, and Open Medicine. The authors jointly hold the copyright of this article. For details on further use, see the PRISMA Web site (www.prisma-statement.org).Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become increasingly important in health care. Clinicians read them to keep up to date with their field (1, 2), and they are often used as a starting point for developing clinical practice guidelines. Granting agencies may require a systematic review to ensure there is justification for further research (3), and some health care journals are moving in this direction (4). As with all research, the value of a systematic review depends on what was done, what was found, and the clarity of reporting. As with other publications, the reporting quality of systematic reviews varies, limiting readers' ability to assess the strengths and weaknesses of those reviews.Several early studies evaluated the quality of review reports. In 1987, Mulrow examined 50 review articles published in four leading medical journals in 1985 and 1986 and found that none met all eight explicit scientific criteria, such as a quality assessment of included studies (5). In 1987, Sacks and colleagues (6) evaluated the adequacy of reporting of 83 meta-analyses on 23 characteristics in six domains. Reporting was generally poor; between one and 14 characteristics were adequately reported (mean = 7.7; standard deviation = 2.7). A 1996 update of this study found little improvement (7).In 1996, to address the suboptimal reporting of meta-analyses, an international group developed a guidance called the QUOROM Statement (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analyses), which focused on the reporting of meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials (8). In this article, we summarize a revision of these guidelines, renamed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), which have been updated to address several conceptual and practical advances in the science of systematic reviews (Box 1).Box 1. Conceptual Issues in the Evolution From QUOROM to PRISMA Download figure Download PowerPoint TerminologyThe terminology used to describe a systematic review and meta-analysis has evolved over time. One reason for changing the name from QUOROM to PRISMA was the desire to encompass both systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We have adopted the definitions used by the Cochrane Collaboration (9). A systematic review is a review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect and analyze data from the studies that are included in the review. Statistical methods (meta-analysis) may or may not be used to analyze and summarize the results of the included studies. Meta-analysis refers to the use of statistical techniques in a systematic review to integrate the results of included studies.Developing the PRISMA StatementA three-day meeting was held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, in June 2005 with 29 participants, including review authors, methodologists, clinicians, medical editors, and a consumer. The objective of the Ottawa meeting was to revise and expand the QUOROM checklist and flow diagram, as needed.The executive committee completed the following tasks, prior to the meeting: a systematic review of studies examining the quality of reporting of systematic reviews, and a comprehensive literature search to identify methodological and other articles that might inform the meeting, especially in relation to modifying checklist items. An international survey of review authors, consumers, and groups commissioning or using systematic reviews and meta-analyses was completed, including the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) and the Guidelines International Network (GIN). The survey aimed to ascertain views of QUOROM, including the merits of the existing checklist items. The results of these activities were presented during the meeting and are summarized on the PRISMA Web site (www.prisma-statement.org).Only items deemed essential were retained or added to the checklist. Some additional items are nevertheless desirable, and review authors should include these, if relevant (10). For example, it is useful to indicate whether the systematic review is an update (11) of a previous review, and to describe any changes in procedures from those described in the original protocol.Shortly after the meeting a draft of the PRISMA checklist was circulated to the group, including those invited to the meeting but unable to attend. A disposition file was created containing comments and revisions from each respondent, and the checklist was subsequently revised 11 times. The group approved the checklist, flow diagram, and this summary paper.Although no direct evidence was found to support retaining or adding some items, evidence from other domains was believed to be relevant. For example, Item 5 asks authors to provide registration information about the systematic review, including a registration number, if available. Although systematic review registration is not yet widely available (12, 13), the participating journals of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) (14) now require all clinical trials to be registered in an effort to increase transparency and accountability (15). Those aspects are also likely to benefit systematic reviewers, possibly reducing the risk of an excessive number of reviews addressing the same question (16, 17) and providing greater transparency when updating systematic reviews.The PRISMA StatementThe PRISMA Statement consists of a 27-item checklist (Table 1; see also Table S1, for a downloadable Word template for researchers to re-use) and a four-phase flow diagram (Figure 1; see also Figure S1, for a downloadable Word template for researchers to re-use). The aim of the PRISMA Statement is to help authors improve the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We have focused on randomized trials, but PRISMA can also be used as a basis for reporting systematic reviews of other types of research, particularly evaluations of interventions. PRISMA may also be useful for critical appraisal of published systematic reviews. However, the PRISMA checklist is not a quality assessment instrument to gauge the quality of a systematic review.Table 1. Checklist of Items to Include When Reporting a Systematic Review or Meta-AnalysisFigure 1. Flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. Download figure Download PowerPoint From QUOROM to PRISMAThe new PRISMA checklist differs in several respects from the QUOROM checklist, and the substantive specific changes are highlighted in Table 2. Generally, the PRISMA checklist “decouples” several items present in the QUOROM checklist and, where applicable, several checklist items are linked to improve consistency across the systematic review report.Table 2. Substantive Specific Changes Between the QUOROM Checklist and the PRISMA ChecklistThe flow diagram has also been modified. Before including studies and providing reasons for excluding others, the review team must first search the literature. This search results in records. Once these records have been screened and eligibility criteria applied, a smaller number of articles will remain. The number of included articles might be smaller (or larger) than the number of studies, because articles may report on multiple studies and results from a particular study may be published in several articles. To capture this information, the PRISMA flow diagram now requests information on these phases of the review process.EndorsementThe PRISMA Statement should replace the QUOROM Statement for those journals that have endorsed QUOROM. We hope that other journals will support PRISMA; they can do so by registering on the PRISMA Web site. To underscore to authors, and others, the importance of transparent reporting of systematic reviews, we encourage supporting journals to reference the PRISMA Statement and include the PRISMA Web address in their instructions to authors. We also invite editorial organizations to consider endorsing PRISMA and encourage authors to adhere to its principles.The PRISMA Explanation and Elaboration PaperIn addition to the PRISMA Statement, a supporting Explanation and Elaboration document has been produced (18) following the style used for other reporting guidelines (19–21). The process of completing this document included developing a large database of exemplars to highlight how best to report each checklist item, and identifying a comprehensive evidence base to support the inclusion of each checklist item. The Explanation and Elaboration document was completed after several face-to-face meetings and numerous iterations among several meeting participants, after which it was shared with the whole group for additional revisions and final approval. Finally, the group formed a dissemination subcommittee to help disseminate and implement PRISMA.DiscussionThe quality of reporting of systematic reviews is still not optimal (22–27). In a recent review of 300 systematic reviews, few authors reported assessing possible publication bias (22), even though there is overwhelming evidence both for its existence (28) and its impact on the results of systematic reviews (29). Even when the possibility of publication bias is assessed, there is no guarantee that systematic reviewers have assessed or interpreted it appropriately (30). Although the absence of reporting such an assessment does not necessarily indicate that it was not done, reporting an assessment of possible publication bias is likely to be a marker of the thoroughness of the conduct of the systematic review.Several approaches have been developed to conduct systematic reviews on a broader array of questions. For example, systematic reviews are now conducted to investigate cost-effectiveness (31), diagnostic (32) or prognostic questions (33), genetic associations (34), and policy making (35). The general concepts and topics covered by PRISMA are all relevant to any systematic review, not just those whose objective is to summarize the benefits and harms of a health care intervention. However, some modifications of the checklist items or flow diagram will be necessary in particular circumstances. For example, assessing the risk of bias is a key concept, but the items used to assess this in a diagnostic review are likely to focus on issues such as the spectrum of patients and the verification of disease status, which differ from reviews of interventions. The flow diagram will also need adjustments when reporting individual patient data meta-analysis (36).We have developed an explanatory document (18) to increase the usefulness of PRISMA. For each checklist item, this document contains an example of good reporting, a rationale for its inclusion, and supporting evidence, including references, whenever possible. We believe this document will also serve as a useful resource for those teaching systematic review methodology. We encourage journals to include reference to the explanatory document in their Instructions to Authors.Like any evidence-based endeavor, PRISMA is a living document. To this end we invite readers to comment on the revised version, particularly the new checklist and flow diagram, through the PRISMA Web site. We will use such information to inform PRISMA's continued development.References1. Oxman AD, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH. Users' guides to the medical literature. VI. How to use an overview. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA. 1994;272:1367-71. [PMID: 7933399] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Swingler GH, Volmink J, Ioannidis JP. Number of published systematic reviews and global burden of disease: database analysis. BMJ. 2003;327:1083-4. [PMID: 14604930] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Randomized controlled trials registration/application checklist. December 2006. Accessed at www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/documents/rct_reg_e.pdf on 19 May 2009. Google Scholar4. Young C, Horton R. Putting clinical trials into context. Lancet. 2005;366:107-8. [PMID: 16005318] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Mulrow CD. 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[PMID: CrossrefMedlineGoogle In to A Article, and Disclosure From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United The following to the PRISMA Altman, DSc, Centre for Statistics in Medicine United PhD, University Hospital MD, Health Research & Health PLoS Medicine United PhD, Hospital of Ontario, A. & Research and PhD, PLoS Medicine the of United PhD, Cochrane Centre United and of and MD, of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and University Ontario, PhD, Università di Modena e Reggio and Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario J. PhD, University of United MD, PhD, of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and University Ontario, PhD, of Health MD, of and Medicine, University of MD, PhD, Medical United MD, The Cochrane Centre PhD, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ontario, MD, of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and University Ontario, PhD, United MD, University of MD, PhD, Systematic Reviews United and for Health and University of the and Alessandro Liberati, MD, Università di Modena e Reggio and Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario MD, Centre for the of the of Health PhD, The United MD, Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Moher, PhD, Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ontario, MD, Annals of Internal Medicine for Medical MD, Health Research Centre Health and Technology Assessment Ontario, Canada; at the of the first meeting of the group, Ontario, MD, University of Hospital of Ontario, PhD, Health International G. MD, PhD, Evidence-Based Jennifer Tetzlaff, BSc, Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ontario, The Cochrane Cochrane Collaboration United at the of the first meeting of the group, United and MD, Institute of University of Ottawa Ontario, PRISMA was by the Canadian Institutes of Health Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy; Research Clinical Evidence The Cochrane Collaboration; and Liberati is in through of the of University and Altman is by Research Moher is by a University of Ottawa Research of the any in the or of the PRISMA no a role in the Moher, PhD, Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Ottawa, Canada; Moher and Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Ottawa, Università di Modena e Reggio and Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, United of the PRISMA is in the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and of Studies Health Explanation and Elaboration Alessandro Liberati Douglas G. Altman Jennifer

You have accessThe ASHA LeaderFeature1 Feb 2000Life Participation Approach to Aphasia: A Statement of Values for the Future Roberta Chapey, Judith F. Duchan, Roberta J. Elman, Linda J. Garcia, Aura Kagan, Jon G. Lyon, and Nina Simmons Mackie Roberta Chapey Google Scholar , Judith F. Duchan Google Scholar , Roberta J. Elman Google Scholar , Linda J. Garcia Google Scholar , Aura Kagan Google Scholar , Jon G. Lyon Google Scholar and Nina Simmons Mackie Google Scholar https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR.05032000.4 SectionsAbout ToolsAdd to favorites ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In by the LPAA Project Group Unprecedented changes are occurring in the way treatment for aphasia is viewed—and reimbursed. These changes, resulting from both internal and external pressures, are influencing how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) carry out their jobs. Internal influences include a growing interest in treatments that produce meaningful real life outcomes leading to enhanced quality of life. Externally, we are influenced by disability rights activists encouraging adjustments in philosophy and treatment, and by consumers frustrated by unmet needs and unfulfilled goals. Most recently, a strong external influence is emanating from the curtailment of funding for our work that has caused a significant reduction in available services to people affected by aphasia. To accommodate these varied influences on service delivery, it is important to take a proactive stance. We therefore propose a philosophy of service delivery that meets the needs of people affected by aphasia and confronts the pressures from our profession, providers, and funding sources. Our statement of values has been guided by the ideas and work of SLPs as well as by individuals in psychology, sociology, and medicine. We intend neither to prescribe exact methods for achieving specific outcomes, nor to provide a quick fix to the challenges facing our profession. Rather, we offer a statement of values and ideas relevant to assessment, intervention, policy making, advocacy, and research that we hope will stimulate discussion related to restructuring of services and lead to innovative clinical methods for supporting those affected by aphasia. Defining the Approach The "Life Participation Approach to Aphasia" (LPAA) is a consumer-driven service-delivery approach that supports individuals with aphasia and others affected by it in achieving their immediate and longer term life goals (note that "approach" refers here to a general philosophy and model of service delivery, rather than to a specific clinical approach). LPAA calls for a broadening and refocusing of clinical practice and research on the consequences of aphasia. It focuses on re-engagement in life, beginning with initial assessment and intervention, and continuing, after hospital discharge, until the consumer no longer elects to have communication support. LPAA places the life concerns of those affected by aphasia at the center of all decision making. It empowers the consumer to select and participate in the recovery process and to collaborate on the design of interventions that aim for a more rapid return to active life. These interventions thus have the potential to reduce the consequences of disease and injury that contribute to long-term health costs. The Essence of LPAA We encourage clinicians and researchers to focus on the real-life goals of people affected by aphasia. For example, in the initial stages following a cerebrovascular accident, a goal may be to establish effective communication with the surrounding nursing staff and physicians. At a later stage, a life goal may be to return to employment or participation in the local community. Regardless of the stage of management, LPAA emphasizes the attainment of re-engagement in life by strengthening daily participation in activities of choice. Residual skill is thus seen as only one of many requisites. For example, full participation is dependent on motivation and a consistent and dependable support system. A highly supportive environment can lessen the consequences of aphasia on one's life, whatever the language impairment. A non-supportive environment, on the other hand, can substantially increase the chance of aphasia affecting daily routines. Someone with mild aphasia in a non-supportive environment might experience greater daily encumbrances than another with severe aphasia who is highly supported. In this broadening and refocusing of services, LPAA recommends that clinicians and researchers consider the dual function of communication—transmitting and receiving messages, and establishing and maintaining social links. Furthermore, life activities do not need to be in the realm of communication in order to deserve or receive intervention. What is important is to judge whether aphasia affects the execution of activities of choice and one's involvement in them. Origins of LPAA 1. Functional and Pragmatic Approaches LPAA draws on ideas underlying functional and pragmatic approaches to aphasia and shares some common values with those who take a broad approach to functional communication treatment by focusing on life participation goals and social relationships. In our view, however, the term "functional" does not do justice to the breadth of this work. In addition, the term is often used narrowly to mean "functional independence in getting a message across." Although LPAA recognizes the value of this type of impairment-level work, it should form part of a bigger picture where the ultimate goal for intervention is re-engagement into everyday society. 2. Human Rights Issues and Consumers's Goals LPAA is a means of addressing unmet needs and rights of individuals with aphasia and those in their environment. Indeed, the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), signed into law on July 26, 1990, requires that physical and communication access be provided for individuals with aphasia and other disabilities and allows them legal recourse if they are blocked from accessing employment, programs, and services in the public and private sectors. In 1992, ASHA provided guidelines for a "Communication Bill of Rights" (National Joint Committee for the Communicative Needs of Persons with Severe Disabilities). Its preface states that"all persons, regardless of the extent or severity of their disabilities, have a basic right to affect, through communication, the conditions of their own existence." Communication is defined as "a basic need and basic right of all human beings." ASHA thus views communication as an integral part of life participation. 3. Emphasis on Competence and Inclusion LPAA philosophy embraces a view of treatment that emphasizes competence and inclusion in daily life, focusing as much on the consequences of chronic disorders as on the language difficulty caused by the aphasia. Along with other movements in education and health care, LPAA shifts from a focus on deficits and remediation to one of inclusion and life participation (see Fougeyrollas et al., 1997; WHO, ICIDH-2, 1997). Such international changes in focus point to the need to address the personal experience of disability and promote optimal life inclusion and reintegration into society. 4. Changes in Reimbursement and Service Delivery Health care and reimbursement in the United States have undergone an unprecedented overhaul. Financial exigencies have led to an emphasis on medically essential treatments and others seen as likely to save on future health care costs. Many of the incentives in this model result in the provision of efficient short-term minimal care, rather than the longer term, fuller care supported in the past. LPAA represents a fundamental shift in how we view service delivery for people confronting aphasia. Since LPAA focuses on broader life-related processes and outcomes from the onset of treatment, service delivery and its reimbursement will require novel means that stand outside most current practices. We are confident that cost-sensitive and therapeutically effective models are possible. Our purpose in this introductory article is to prompt a discussion with providers and consumers as to whether life participation principles and values should play a more central role in the delivery and reimbursement of future service delivery for all those affected by aphasia. The Core Values of LPAA LPAA is structured around five core values that serve as guides to assessment, intervention, and research. 1. The explicit goal is enhancement of life participation. In the LPAA approach, the first focus of the client, clinician, and policy maker is to assess the extent to which persons affected by aphasia are able to achieve life participation goals, and the extent to which the aphasia hinders the attainment of these desired outcomes. The second focus is to improve short- and long-term participation in life. 2. Everyone affected by aphasia is entitled to service. LPAA supports all those affected directly by aphasia, including immediate family and close associates of the adult with aphasia. The LPAA approach holds that it is essential to build protected communities within society where persons with aphasia are not only able to participate but are valued as participants. Therefore, intervention may involve changing broader social systems to make them more accessible to those affected by aphasia. 3. Success measures include documented life enhancement changes. The LPAA approach calls for the use of outcome measures that assess quality of life and the degree to which those affected by aphasia meet their life participation goals. Without a cause to communicate, we believe there is no practical need for communication. Therefore, treatment focuses on a reason to communicate as much as on communication repair. In so doing, treatment attends to each consumer's feelings, relationships, and activities in life. 4. Both personal and environmental factors are intervention targets. Disruption of daily life for individuals affected by aphasia (including those who do not have aphasia themselves) is evident on two levels: personal (internal) and environmental (external). Intervention consists of constantly assessing, weighing, and prioritizing which personal and environmental factors should be targets of intervention, and how best to provide freer, easier, and more autonomous access to activities and social connections of choice. This does not mean that treatment comprises only life resumption processes, but rather that enhanced participation in life"governs" management from its inception. In this fundamental way, the LPAA approach differs from one in which life enhancement is targeted only after language repair has been addressed. 5. Emphasis is on availability of services as needed at all stages of aphasia. LPAA begins with the onset of aphasia and continues until consumers and providers agree that targeted life enhancement changes have occurred. However, LPAA acknowledges that life consequences of aphasia change over time and should be addressed regardless of the length of time post-onset. Consumers are therefore permitted to discontinue intervention, and re-enter treatment when there is a felt need to continue work on a goal or to attain a new life goal. Conclusions Our health care systems are undergoing change and, as a result, so are our professions. How we allow this change to affect our clinical practice, our research directions, and our response to consumer advocacy is up to us. We need to educate policy makers that being fiscally responsible means having a consumer-driven model of intervention focusing on interventions that make real-life differences and minimize the consequences of disease and injury. While it is clear that the implicit motivation underlying all clinical and research efforts in aphasia is related to increased participation in life, the way of achieving that goal is often indirect. Because LPAA makes life goals primary and explicit, it holds promise as an approach in which such goals are attainable. We invite other SLPs to join us in discussing and developing life participation approaches to aphasia. References Fougeyrollas P., Cloutier R., Bergeron H., Cote J., Cote M., & St. Michel G. (1997). Revision of the Quebec Classification: Handicap creation process. Lac St-Charles, Quebec: International Network on the Handicap Creation Process. Google Scholar National Joint Committee for the Communicative Needs of Persons with Severe Disabilities. (1992). Guidelines for meeting the communication needs of persons with severe disabilities.Asha, 34 (March, Supp. 7), 1–8. Google Scholar World Health Organization. (1997). International classification of impairments, activities and participation. A manual of dimensions of disablement and functions. Beta-1draft for field trials. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. Google Scholar Author Notes Roberta Chapey, is professor in the Department of Speech Communication Arts and Sciences at Brooklyn College, City University of New York. Judith Duchan, is professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences at the University of Buffalo. Roberta J. Elman, is president/CEO and founder of the Aphasia Center of California. Linda J. Garcia, is assistant professor in the Audiology/Speech-Language Pathology Program at the University of Ottawa. Aura Kagan, is program and research director at The Aphasia Institute (incorporating the Pat Arato Aphasia Centre) in Toronto, and is affiliated with the University of Toronto. Jon G. Lyon, is director of Living with Aphasia, Inc. in Mazomanie, Wisconsin. Nina Simmons Mackie, is professor in the Department of Special Education and Communication Sciences & Disorders at Southeastern Louisiana University. Advertising Disclaimer | Advertise With Us Advertising Disclaimer | Advertise With Us Additional Resources FiguresSourcesRelatedDetailsCited byAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology32:2 (391-410)9 Mar 2023"Please Don't Assess Him to Destruction": The R.A.I.S.E. Assessment Framework for Primary Progressive AphasiaJeanne Gallée, Jade Cartwright, Anna Volkmer, Anne Whitworth and Deborah HershAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology31:6 (2609-2627)16 Nov 2022Communication and Social Interaction Experiences of Youths With Congenital Motor Speech DisordersKathryn P. Connaghan, Carolyn Baylor, Megan Romanczyk, Jessica Rickwood and Gary BedellAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology31:5S (2378-2394)25 Oct 2022Two-Year Longitudinal Evaluation of Community Aphasia Center Participation on Linguistic, Functional Communication, and Quality of Life Measures Across People With a Range of Aphasia PresentationsLisa A. Edmonds and Jodi MorganPerspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups7:5 (1301-1311)20 Oct 2022Designing and Implementing a Community Aphasia Group: An Illustrative Case Study of the Aphasia Group of Middle TennesseeDeborah F. Levy, Anna V. Kasdan, Katherine M. Bryan, Stephen M. Wilson, Michael de Riesthal and Dominique P. HerringtonAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology31:1 (99-112)18 Jan 2022Texting Behaviors of Individuals With Chronic Aphasia: A Descriptive StudyLaura E. Kinsey, Jaime B. Lee, Elissa M. Larkin and Leora R. CherneyPerspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups6:5 (1047-1059)20 Oct 2021Toward Developing Outcome Measures in University-Based Aphasia Programs: Perspectives From the Aphasia Communication Enhancement ProgramSuma R. Devanga, Robin D. Pollens and Sandra O. GlistaAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology30:5 (2228-2240)23 Sep 2021Aphasia and Friendship: The Role and Perspectives of Speech-Language PathologistsMichelle C. S. Therrien, Elizabeth B. Madden, Lauren Bislick and Sarah E. WallacePerspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups6:4 (704-713)20 Aug 2021A Window Into Functional Communication: Leveraging Naturalistic Speech Samples in Primary Progressive AphasiaJeanne Gallée and Anna VolkmerAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology30:4 (1805-1818)14 Jul 2021The Impact of the COVID-19 Public Health Crisis on Communication and Quality of Life: Insights From a Community of Stroke and Brain Trauma SurvivorsMackenzie E. Fama, Brooke Hatfield, Suzanne Coyle, Melissa S. Richman and Amy C. GeorgeadisAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology28:1S (216-229)11 Mar 2019Enriching Communicative Environments: Leveraging Advances in Neuroplasticity for Improving Outcomes in Neurogenic Communication DisordersJulie A. Hengst, Melissa C. Duff and Theresa A. JonesJournal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research62:1 (1-21)30 Jan 2019The Impact of Communication Impairments on the Social Relationships of Older Adults: Pathways to Psychological Well-BeingAndrew D. Palmer, Paula C. Carder, Diana L. White, Gabrielle Saunders, Hyeyoung Woo, Donna J. Graville and Jason T. NewsomPerspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders18:1 (24-32)1 Apr 2008Think Tank Deliberates Future Directions for the Social Approach to AphasiaNina Simmons-Mackie, Jamie Conklin and Aura Kagan Volume 5Issue 3February 2000 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in print: Feb 1, 2000 Metrics Current downloads: 23,718 Topicsasha-topicsleader_do_tagasha-article-typesleader-topicsCopyright & Permissions© 1999 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationLoading ...

As an unintended outcome of the effort to expand open access to scholarly material, the publishing world now has to contend with new challenges around what academic librarian and blogger Jeffrey Beall (in his blog Scholarly Open Access) has termed “predatory publishers.” In August 2014, participants at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the International Academy of Nursing Editors (INANE) in Portland, Maine, concerned with the potential for inadvertent submissions to these journals as well as the citation of questionable manuscripts, agreed that it was time to raise awareness and educate our constituent communities about the potential detrimental effects of this emerging phenomenon. Open access publishing is a relatively recent occurrence with the worthy goal of removing restrictions to the online access of peer-reviewed scholarly research. Although it may have created the conditions under which these new predatory publishing practices are flourishing, open access is not, in itself, the problem. Many highly rigorous, scholarly and professional journals are exclusively open access; other journals offer authors a range of traditional and open access options. These include options for authors or their funders to pay article processing charges for immediate open access and various levels of delayed public access for specific types of articles. As it has taken hold, the open access movement has significantly altered the conventional financial model of many journals. While journal owners historically relied entirely on journal subscriptions and content licenses or advertisements as their revenue base, most open access publishing options are fee-based. Many research granting bodies have strongly advocated for unrestricted access to the findings from studies they fund, and some have willingly funded open access publication costs as a means to make results widely and rapidly available. As a result, publishing has been influenced by for-profit enterprise in ways previously unimagined by scholars. The window of commercial opportunity has been flung wide open, and in many cases thrown completely off its hinges. Beyond the open access options being adopted by mainstream publishers, the ease of digital publishing and exploitation of this new publishing business model has led to a myriad of new journals, each actively competing for authors and revenue. Some of these new journals, including those introduced by conventional commercial and professional society publishers to augment their journal portfolios, apply the same rigorous peer review practices and standards of scholarly excellence we have come to rely on as consistent with advances in professional disciplines such as nursing. However, across every academic field, professional discipline, and geographic jurisdiction, we are also seeing the emergence of a new species of publisher whose practices reveal little evidence of editorial and publishing quality. Instead, with profit as the driving force, these “predatory” publishers engage in a range of disturbingly unethical and unscholarly practices. Typical practices of predatory publishers include promises of rapid review and acceptance for publication, minimal to non-existent review processes, a fabricated editorial board, and mimicry of legitimate journal titles. These publishers often send out flattering individualized email solicitations to potential authors inviting them to submit manuscripts or serve as “guest editors” for their journals. Guest editing typically involves having “editors” invite their own collaborators and colleagues to submit papers for a special issue—for a fee. There are examples of eminent names being listed as an “honorary editor” or members of the “editorial board,” where these scholars were unaware of the existence of the journal or the use of their name in that manner. Conversely, the named “journal editor” may be someone with no qualifications or credibility in the field, and may simultaneously administer a suite of journals in a wide range of fields in an effort to attract as many submissions from author-customers as possible. In the rush to provide rapid review and acceptance for publication, these editors may review submissions single-handedly, or rely on a single employee “peer” to bless the manuscript and deem it publishable. The result is a “review process” unfettered by actual expert critique. This practice is sometimes evident in the eventual published document, with the date of submission, review and acceptance all occurring in close proximity. Many predatory publishers also deploy unscrupulous marketing practices to seduce unsuspecting potential authors, such as inventing journal titles that are similar to those of well-known and reputable journals, or using logos deceivingly like those of conventional publishing houses. Operating within the global environment, these journals tend to establish administrative home bases that afford protection from legal repercussions that could arise from such practices as copyright violation. The goal of such creative strategies is always the appearance of authenticity, thereby luring unwary authors to presume credibility. When the driving motivation of a journal is profit, the focus is fixed on pleasing the author as the primary source of revenue. Predatory publishers therefore target senior scholars to build the journal's credibility and to help attract unsuspecting or naive authors, who may fall prey to easy flattery. Other targets include those whose academic pressures to publish may blind them to the nefarious nature of what allows a journal to bring a manuscript to print in record time. Unfortunately, aspiring authors caught up in the promise of rapid publication may unwittingly find that (a) their career progress is tainted by the lack of credibility of their selected publishing venues, (b) they are liable for unexpected additional fees once their paper has been published, or (c) their previously published papers suddenly cease to exist, or reside in legal limbo, with the copyright signed away to a nonexistent publisher and inaccessible through established search mechanisms, because contractual arrangements for these publications may be unenforceable. We see a significant collective harm for the body of published scholarly nursing literature because concern about quality inherently reduces the profit margin in this predatory model of doing business. Although we have come to trust the practices and processes of our various scholarly and professional publications for the quality and credibility of the corpus of disciplinary knowledge, the new and unmanaged proliferation of pseudo-scholarly activity could significantly flood the market with journals and articles that discredit the profession. In healthcare, this threat is even more serious, as the pseudo-science and poor scholarship published by predatory journals could conceivably result in harm to patients and the health information seeking public. The INANE community, representing editors of credible and reputable nursing journals, believes that it is imperative to inform nurses of the harm inherent in this new hazard that has arrived in the publishing scene. We encourage nursing authors to use Beall's list of predatory publishers at Scholarly Open Access as a reliable resource. His approaches and methods, including dynamic monitoring of the publishing world for this purpose and a willingness to reconsider and revise any listing found to be in error or misleading, make Beall's site extremely helpful for nurses who now need to ensure the credibility of the journals to which they entrust their manuscripts or become otherwise involved. At the same time, Beall would be the first to acknowledge the impossibility of keeping up with all of the emerging new journals. We therefore also encourage potential authors to consult the Directory of Nursing Journals, a collaborative effort between INANE and this publication, Nurse Author & Editor, for journals that have been reviewed and vetted within our community, and to be vigilant for the hallmarks of predatory practices. A third useful resource is Thomas Long's blog on Nursing Writing, which includes a compilation of recent reports on predatory open-access journals and scholarly conference scams. Another potentially useful resource may be the Directory of Open Access Journals, which is working to strengthen its approvals process based on more strict criteria. We will maintain information on this topic on INANE's website as an ongoing reference for our members. Finally, we offer in the accompanying table a brief compilation of considerations and “red flags” summarized from internationally reputable organizations concerned with publications ethics. These sources too will undoubtedly continue to evolve over time. In writing this statement, the INANE community hopes to encourage educators, mentors, scholars, and clinical practitioners to join in a campaign to help our colleagues understand emerging hazards on the path to publication. We encourage those who oversee institutional promotion and advancement processes to ensure that (a) their members are well mentored with respect to the publication records they are building, and (b) that their review committees have the knowledge required for fair assessment of work across the spectrum of publication modalities. Above all, we seek to serve the emerging science, knowledge sharing, and authorial careers of our discipline as well as possible by ensuring that nurses are making wise publishing choices. INANE members are committed to sustaining the high standards we have come to expect in the published body of nursing knowledge, across the full spectrum of theorizing and philosophizing, science and evidence building, clinical applications, education, leadership, social advocacy and policy engagement, even as we embrace the new possibilities for publishing in the digital universe. Open access is both an exciting opportunity and an intriguingly disruptive force in the publishing world. It is unfortunate that it has been exploited in this predatory manner. However, by translating our best nursing health promotion and disease prevention wisdom to the publishing domain, we can help keep our colleagues and their important ideas safe from harm. Let's spread the word and disarm the threat together. Sally Thorne, Nursing Inquiry Peggy L. Chinn, Advances in Nursing Science Leslie H. Nicoll, CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing; Nurse Author & Editor Rita Pickler, Journal of Advanced Nursing Patricia D'Antonio, Nursing History Review Cynthia Connolly, Nursing History Review Cindy Peternelj-Taylor, Journal of Forensic Nursing Dawn Welliver, Anesthesia eJournal Joy Don Baker, AORN Journal Annette Flanagin, JAMA and The JAMA Network Lucy Bradley-Springer, Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care Portland, Maine August 2014

AIM OF PAPER: This paper presents the findings of a concept analysis of 'context' in relation to the successful implementation of evidence into practice. BACKGROUND: In 1998, a conceptual framework was developed that represented the interplay and interdependence of the many factors influencing the uptake of evidence into practice [Kitson A., Harvey G. & McCormack B. (1998) Quality in Health Care 7, 149]. One of the key elements of the framework was 'context', that is, the setting in which evidence is implemented. It was proposed that key factors in the context of health care practice had a significant impact on the implementation and uptake of evidence. As part of the on-going development and refinement of the framework, the elements within it have undergone a concept analysis in order to provide some theoretical and conceptual rigour to its content. METHODS: Morse's [Morse J.M. (1995) Advances in Nursing Science 17, 31; Morse J.M., Hupcey J.E. & Mitcham C. (1996) Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice. An International Journal 10, 253] approach to concept analysis was used as a framework to review semi-nal texts critically and the supporting research literature in order to establish the conceptual clarity and maturity of 'context' in relation to its importance in the implementation of evidence-based practice. FINDINGS: Characteristics of the concept of context in terms of organizational culture, leadership and measurement are outlined. A main finding is that context specifically means 'the setting in which practice takes place', but that the term itself does little to reflect the complexity of the concept. Whilst the themes of culture and leadership are central characteristics of the concept, the theme of 'measurement' is better articulated through the broader term of 'evaluation'. CONCLUSIONS: There is inconsistency in the use of the term and this has an impact on claims of its importance. The concept of context lacks clarity because of the many issues that impact on the way it is characterized. Additionally, there is limited understanding of the consequences of working with different contexts. Thus, the implications of using context as a variable in research studies exploring research implementation are as yet largely unknown. The concept of context is partially developed but in need of further delineation and comparison.

BACKGROUND: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS: Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44-2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64-3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7-17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8-6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7-10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0-234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7-198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3-214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0-171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3-51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9-52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54-1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5-9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0-19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9-21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0-17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7-27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6-63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4-64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6-2·9) between 2019 and 2021. INTERPRETATION: Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

This evidence-based resource is a high quality, international, abstract journal that provides access to the most rigorous nursing related research and helps clinicians to keep up to date.This journal summarises those studies that are valid and clinically useful.EBN is designed to alert practising nurses to important and clinically relevant advances in treatment, diagnosis, causation, and prognosis.The journal selects from the health related literature those study reports and reviews that warrant immediate attention by nurses.The research staff at EBN uses the same methods and procedures as those for Evidence-Based Medicine to compile each issue.EBN selects original studies and reviews that represent the very best of international nursing research.Over 110 general medical, specialist, and nursing journals are scanned to identify clinically important research, including the meaning, cause, course, assessment, prevention, treatment, or economics of health problems managed by nurses.Both quantitative and qualitative research is included.Structured abstracts summarise 24 original studies and reviews, which are identified and appraised according to empirically derived criteria.Detailed information regarding selection criteria is available in the ''Purpose and procedure'' section in every issue.The abstracts are categorised as treatment, assessment, prognosis, causation, quality improvement, or qualitative.Each abstract clearly and concisely reports focused clinical questions, study methods, appropriate sampling methods, main results and evidence-based conclusions in a reproducible and accurate fashion.They also report the interventions, outcomes, and statistical findings that are meaningful to clinicians and their patients.Each abstract is reviewed by an expert in the content area covered by the article.The experts write commentaries that compare study findings to previous research, identify any important methodological problems, and offer recommendations for clinical application.The commentary provides a clinical context for the article, draws out key research findings, and identifies implications for nurses.In addition, EBN publishes original editorials, resource information, and guides for users.Furthermore, the section ''EBN Notebook'' provides short articles about the research process.Topics include asking answerable questions, searching for the best evidence, and identifying the best research design to fit the question.These editorials use examples from the abstract summaries to illustrate concepts, providing an excellent teaching resource.Free and unlimited access to EBN is available online to individuals and organisations that currently subscribe to the print version.Each issue of EBN online contains the full text of all abstracts of clinical studies, commentaries, and editorials and includes extra ''web only'' material.The advantage of EBN online is that it provides a fully searchable archive that contains direct links to the original published research report summarised in the abstract and to references cited in the commentary, with a facility to search the other 350 plus journals on HighWire Press.Since the January 2000 issue, all articles in EBN are assigned to topical areas grouped by specialty, originally devised for the electronic version of the BMJ.At present, over 250 collections cover clinical and nonclinical specialities related to nursing and the health sciences.The EBN website has a selected list of articles that passed all criteria but were not abstracted for the following reasons: (1) the findings were deemed by editorial consensus to be less applicable to general nursing practice, (2) the topic was of interest to only a select group of nurse specialists, or (3) the topic was recently addressed in another abstract.Readers who subscribe to EBN may also receive email alerts to keep informed of new research in their specific areas of interest.Health professionals are expected to inform their clinical decisions with appropriate evidence from research, although at present only a moderate proportion of nurses uses research as a basis for practice.Within a healthcare environment that is frequently resource limited and time constrained, clinicians need to quickly and efficiently locate, critically appraise, and digest current research findings and apply them to nursing practice.Both the print and online versions of EBN are practical and effective evidence-based resource tools that can help meet these needs.

Abstract THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NURSING IS HERE. Ease of travel, advances in communication technology, and international health care journals and conferences have resulted in an increase in cross-border contacts with our nursing colleagues. In its most recent “Essentials” document, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (I) included the understanding of global health care as a component of “core knowledge” for nursing practice into the 21st century. Selected European schools of higher education are permitting health professional students to take up to 25 percent of their required courses outside their home country (2). To meet the challenge of internationalizing the nursing profession, professional education programs have developed various learning strategies, including international courses and student and faculty exchange programs. Few studies have examined the outcomes of these visits. What are foreign nurses and nursing students observing about nursing and nursing care in the United Stat...