搜索结果：International journal of engineering science

Coal combustion contributes greatly to the level of CO2 emissions, air pollution, and health burdens. International trade classifies coal extraction, coal combustion, and the consumption of goods and services separately. A lack of comprehensive analyses of trade-embodied CO2 emissions and health damages limits our understanding of the regional responsibilities of these impacts across the chain of coal supply and use. Here we developed an integrated framework combining global coal trade matrices, a multiregional input-output model, GEOS-Chem simulations, and exposure-response modeling to trace coal-related impacts embodied in trade. We show that international coal trade accounted for 45.4 Gt of cumulative CO2 emissions and an annual average of 74,700 deaths attributable to fine particle exposure during 1992-2020, while international goods and services trade contributed more, at 60.6 Gt and 166,600 annual cases, respectively. Major exporters of coal (Australia and South and Southeast Asia) and importers of associated goods and services (the United States and Western Europe) are responsible for substantial impacts outside their territories. Although imported emissions and associated mortality have peaked in developed regions and China, they keep growing in emerging economies. Expanding South-South trade may further intensify these risks. The findings support equitable international cooperation on phasing out coal to achieve climate and environmental health objectives.

Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABT) are a highly migratory fish that have been exploited by fishers for more than two millennia. This lucrative fishery is managed by the International Commission for Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), formed by 55 contracting parties. Implementation by ICCAT of an ABT recovery plan and decades of conservation efforts have led to significant progress and the species is rebounding throughout its range. Here, we combine and report on three decades of ABT electronic tag data from five nations that provide fisheries-independent biological information and spatially explicit track data vital to understanding the species' life history. Tag data, state-space modeling, and spawning ground assignments enable estimations of fisheries area utilization, population overlap, and natural mortality that improve the accuracy of management models. We also examine the distribution of ABT fisheries impact over 70 years by assessing ICCAT catch reporting by fleet, gear type, and region. We hypothesize that, under the historical two-stock management paradigm, escapement of eastern juveniles and subadults from the Mediterranean Sea to the lower fishing mortality of the North Atlantic has contributed to the recovery of the eastern stock, with the 45°W meridian acting as an indirect conservation measure for migrating ABT in the West Atlantic. Although recent Management Strategy Evaluation modeling in ICCAT partly incorporates this migration behavior into catch composition estimates and recognizes the contribution provided by eastern migrants to western Atlantic biomass, these complex trans-Atlantic migratory behaviors need to be accounted for in future stock assessments and management. Tag data and development of genomic technology for dockside catch origin assignments can support improvements of stock assessments that will ensure the sustainability of ABT.

Background/Objectives: Artificial Nutrition and Hydration (ANH) at the end of life remains a clinically and ethically complex intervention. Although international guidelines exist, data regarding the awareness of them and their perceived applicability across different population groups remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare perceptions and attitudes regarding ANH among healthcare professionals, medical students, and lay respondents. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based comparative survey was conducted between July 2025 and March 2026, including 470 respondents (338 healthcare professionals, 46 medical students, and 86 lay respondents). The survey assessed perceptions of ANH, factors influencing decision-making, and familiarity with clinical guidelines and legislation. Results: General perceptions regarding ANH were broadly similar across groups. Significant differences were observed for the importance assigned to estimated life expectancy (p < 0.001) and family opinion (p = 0.017). Associations were identified between study group and opinions on clinical guidelines (&#x3c7;2(6) = 16.366, p = 0.012) and legislation (&#x3c7;2(6) = 14.712, p = 0.023), with lack of knowledge more frequent among lay respondents and students. Within healthcare professionals, physicians and nurses showed significantly different responses regarding guidelines (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this cross-sectional survey, perceptions of ANH at the end of life were largely shared, but differed in relation to prognostic factors, family involvement, and awareness of guidelines and legislation, suggesting the presence of relevant knowledge gaps in end-of-life decision-making.

In the past decade, a surge in the amount of electronic health record (EHR) data in the United States has been attributed to a favorable policy environment created by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 and the 21st Century Cures Act of 2016. Clinical notes for patients' assessments, diagnoses, and treatments are captured in these EHRs in free-form text by physicians, who spend a considerable amount of time entering and editing them. Manually writing clinical notes takes a considerable amount of a doctor's valuable time, increasing the patient's waiting time and possibly delaying diagnoses. Large language models (LLMs) possess the ability to generate news articles that closely resemble human-written ones. We investigate the usage of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompt engineering to improve the LLM's response in clinical note generation. In our prompts, we use as input International Classification of Diseases codes and basic patient information. We investigate a strategy that combines the traditional CoT with semantic search results to improve the quality of generated clinical notes. Additionally, we infuse a knowledge graph built from clinical ontology to further enrich the domain-specific knowledge of generated clinical notes. We test our prompting technique on six clinical cases from the CodiEsp test dataset using GPT-4, and our results show that it outperformed the clinical notes generated by standard one-shot prompts.

This study synthesized a sulfonated hyper-crosslinked polymer, BpBCMBP&#x2011;SO3H, via Friedel-Crafts alkylation and post-sulfonation for the adsorptive removal and enrichment of trace fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) from complex matrices. The material, rich in sulfonic acid groups, exhibited rapid, high-capacity, and selective adsorption towards FQs, with maximum adsorption capacities of 924, 958, 889, and 848 mg&#xb7;g-1 for ofloxacin, lomefloxacin hydrochloride, enrofloxacin, and difloxacin hydrochloride, respectively, ranking among the top-tier of previously reported results for FQ adsorption. The adsorption process is predominantly governed by electrostatic interactions, with synergistic contributions from hydrogen bonding, &#x3c0;-&#x3c0; interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. Removal efficiencies of four FQs from aqueous solutions exceeded 95% within 1 min, and reached equilibrium within 10 min with removal efficiencies exceeding 97%. After five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, the material retained approximately 70% of its removal efficiency, indicating good reusability. The material was also used for enrichment of FQs in complex matrices. When coupled with high performance liquid chromatography, the detection of low concentration removal rate as low as 10 ng&#xb7;mL-1, can be achieved through separation and enrichment in pure water and lake water. In complex matrices such as eggs and milk, the established analytical method exhibited recoveries of 89.3-116.6% for FQs, with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) below 15%, and the detection limits ranging from 0.33 to 1.67 ng&#xb7;mL-1, which underscores its applicability and reliability. This work offers a novel material and reliable methodology for the analysis of trace FQs in environmental and food safety monitoring.

The timeliness of treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is critical for patient survival. Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) are a proven effective intervention, yet China's rapidly developing Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) program may be accompanied by significant spatial inequities in AED distribution. This study developed a comprehensive multi-dimensional evaluation model to assess the spatial equity of AED allocation in four first-tier Chinese cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. The model integrated four dimensions: resource allocation (supply-demand ratio), spatial coverage (service coverage index), opportunity accessibility (accessibility index via an enhanced Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method), and spatial distribution (Gini coefficient). These dimensions were aggregated into a Comprehensive Equity Index (CEI) using the Entropy Weight Method (EWM). Leveraging high-resolution gridded population data and precise AED locations, our analysis captures fine-scale spatial variations often obscured in aggregate statistics. Furthermore, to uncover the spatially heterogeneous drivers of equity, we employed an integrated Principal Component Analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression (PCA-GWR) framework to analyze socioeconomic and urban environmental factors. The results indicate that: (1) Overall comprehensive equity was low across all cities (mean CEI&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.3). Shenzhen exhibited the highest equity (mean CEI: 0.252), followed by Beijing (0.207), with Shanghai and Guangzhou lagging. (2) A significant "core-periphery" disparity was observed in all cities, with core districts showing markedly higher equity than suburban districts, a gap particularly pronounced in Beijing and Shanghai. (3) The PCA-GWR analysis revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the associations between external factors and AED equity. Degree of urbanization showed a generally positive association, which was consistently weaker in urban cores. Public service facility provision exhibited inconsistent (often negative) associations, while the wealth-population density trade-off demonstrated marked city-specific variation. This study provides a systematic, multidimensional assessment of AED allocation equity in major Chinese cities. By employing a spatially nuanced PCA-GWR framework, it reveals that equity is shaped by complex, location-specific interactions of urban development, service provision, and socioeconomic structure. The findings underscore the necessity for spatially differentiated policy interventions within China's PAD program to achieve more equitable and efficient deployment of these lifesaving resources.

Basic leucine zipper (BZIP) proteins constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of transcription factors and play a crucial role in OTA biosynthesis by regulating the expression of genes within the biosynthetic gene cluster. As a key regulatory protein, BZIP holds promise as an early biomarker for identifying OTA-producing fungi before toxin accumulation occurs, thereby helping to prevent contaminated products from entering the food supply chain. Despite its potential significance, there have been no comprehensive reports describing the development of BZIP-specific antibodies. Herein, we generated a variable new antigen receptor-alkaline phosphatase (VNAR-ALP) fusion and developed a VNAR-ALP fusion-based chemiluminescent immunoassay (VACLIA) for BZIP detection. The optimized VACLIA exhibits a limit of detection of 0.058 &#x3bc;g/mL and a linear range of 0.3125-5 &#x3bc;g/mL, along with good selectivity. Recovery experiments conducted using spiked maize and coffee samples at different BZIP concentrations demonstrated high accuracy and reliability, with recoveries ranging from 102.50% to 111.39% and relative standard deviations not exceeding 12%. The detection of actual maize samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed a strong correlation with the results obtained from VACLIA, further validating the assay's effectiveness in real sample analysis. A comparative analysis of VACLIA with other global food safety monitoring systems highlighted its unique capability to identify potential hazards, provide timely alerts, and effectively mitigate OTA risk in food products. Overall, the developed VACLIA exhibited robust performance, high selectivity, and broad applicability in the detection of real samples, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for food safety monitoring.

This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical applicability of automated 3D facial asymmetry assessment methods based on 3D facial scans. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Scopus) and manual literature searches were conducted in April 2025. Studies that were published in English and evaluated the validity or reliability of automated asymmetry assessment methods in 3D facial scans for medical or biological settings were included. Two reviewers independently screened the articles for eligibility. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2, and the certainty of evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for methodology, validity, and reliability. Methodologies for assessing facial asymmetry were categorized into four approaches: landmark-based, depth-stratified, original-mirror alignment, and template-based approaches. While landmark and depth-stratified methods rely on sparse data, original-mirror and template-based methods enable comprehensive surface analysis. Six studies evaluating validity against alternative methods, synthetic ground truth, or human ratings consistently demonstrated moderate-to-strong correlation coefficients and classification accuracy. Reliability was examined across nine studies using repeated measurements and multi-observer designs, generally showing minimal measurement variation. Notably, methodological analysis revealed that original-mirror alignment, typically implemented using unconstrained iterative closest point (ICP)-based best-fit registration, is susceptible to registration errors (the "Pinocchio effect") in cases of severe asymmetry, whereas template-based methods mitigate this through correspondence transfer and weighted registration strategies that stabilize anatomical alignment. The review is limited by a high risk of bias in primary studies and significant methodological heterogeneity. Despite "very low" certainty evidence, template-based approaches that transfer anatomical correspondence and apply weighted registration appear preferable due to their robustness against localized deformities. Conversely, original-mirror alignment, typically implemented via unconstrained ICP, remains a practical alternative for mild asymmetry. Future research should prioritize end-to-end deep learning automation, dynamic analysis, and the development of accessible, open-source tools to bridge the gap between technical innovation and routine clinical practice. PROSPERO (CRD420251025105).

This multisociety, multidisciplinary consensus-formally endorsed by the European Society of Surgical Oncology, the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, and the Society of Interventional Oncology-was developed to standardise the assessment of ablation margins in liver tumour thermal ablation. A modified Delphi process, consisting of two online surveys and a hybrid (online and in-person meeting in Innsbruk) consensus meeting of 72 experts from North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Formal consensus was reached for 150 (75%) of 199 statements. Strong agreement was observed between interventional and surgical oncologists, with only 12 (6%) of 199 statements showing significantly different ratings. Participants agreed that ablation margins should be assessed and documented for every treated tumour. Margins should be assessed quantitatively in three dimensions, with contrast-enhanced CT or MRI, preferably intraprocedurally with ablation confirmation software. Ablation margins should be categorised as A0 (tumour completely covered with sufficient margin), A1 (tumour completely covered but insufficient margin), or A2 (portion of tumour remains unablated). This effort is, to our knowledge, the first international consensus initiative to define best-practice recommendations for margin assessment in liver tumour thermal ablation to standardise practices, aiming to improve and promote uniform outcomes.

Cancer is a major global issue threatening the whole world, especially developing countries. Treatment of cancer using chemotherapy and radiotherapy has several consequences that negatively affect the quality of life of cancer patients. Bee products have numerous pharmacological effects and clinical impacts due to their extraordinary chemical composition. The objective of the current work is to shed light on preclinical studies and clinical trials of bee products, particularly propolis, honey, and royal jelly, with special emphasis on their role in reducing the complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by employing a variety of databases. The search used specific keywords, including "bee products", "propolis", "honey", "royal jelly", "cancer", "clinical trials", "radiotherapy", and "chemotherapy". Only peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and published research papers were included. According to the literature review, bee-generated propolis, honey, and royal jelly have been used in animal models to reduce the adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Depending on the kind of cancer, different dosages and treatment times were used for certain bee products. Bee products are used in various forms, such as crude, in capsules, mouthwashes, tablets, and oils. Propolis, royal jelly, and honey are used at dosages up to 400 mg, 1 g, and 50 g, respectively. Clinical trials have further confirmed their efficacy in cancer treatment, either as standalone therapies or as supplements to conventional treatments. It is crucial to investigate the active mechanisms of these products further and to include them in additional clinical trials as potential cancer treatments.

The presence of numerous inhibitors and genomic DNA in blood makes their direct use for analysis of clinical pathogens by nucleic acid amplification techniques difficult. Herein, an in situ biomimetic immobilized enzyme system featuring nucleic acid amplification within nanoconfined spaces and self-cleaning properties was constructed for rapid and direct absolute quantification of bacterial bloodstream infections in clinical blood samples without blood culture and extraction steps. The metal-organic framework (MOF) acts as an enzyme-protective carrier, providing 3D nanoconfined spaces, shielding enzymes from harsh environments and permitting inhibition-free nucleic acid analysis directly in blood. Simultaneously, the nanoconfined environments with nanoporous structures possess adsorption, restriction, separation, release, and self-cleaning abilities. When PCR is performed for pathogen detection without any extraction of whole blood, the reagents will be absorbed and released on demand by the surrounding nanostructures during or after amplification, resulting in a faster amplification rate, robust anti-inhibition, enhanced signal readout, and specific amplification without primer-dimer. Quantification of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, in whole blood was achieved with a detection limit as low as 10 CFU/mL, representing a sensitivity improvement of two or three orders of magnitude. Moreover, the assay was validated by using 15 clinical blood samples (100% sensitivity and specificity) and dramatically shortened the sample-to-result time from over 48 h to approximately 1 h. This technology holds great potential in the detection of various blood-related diseases for clinical laboratory diagnostics, especially for bacteria and viruses, administering timely, optimal treatment and improving the quality of health care for humans.

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are transforming how scientists conduct and validate research, offering promise as tools to improve scientific reproducibility. However, computational reproducibility and error detection remain expensive and labor-intensive. We experimentally test how collaboration between researchers and LLM assistants influences the reproduction of quantitative social science findings across different levels of AI autonomy. We randomly assigned 288 researchers to 103 teams working under three conditions: human-only, AI-assisted (using ChatGPT as a collaborative tool), or AI-led (ChatGPT operating with minimal human oversight). Teams reproduced published results from leading social science journals, detected coding errors, and proposed robustness checks. Human-only and AI-assisted teams achieved comparable reproduction rates (94% vs. 91%) and performed similarly on most outcomes, except human-only teams identified significantly more major coding errors. Both substantially outperformed AI-led teams, which achieved only a 37% reproduction rate, detected fewer errors across all categories, proposed weaker robustness checks, and required more time. This autonomous approach, however, likely represents only a lower bound of AI capabilities. Despite rapid model advances, expert human judgment currently remains indispensable for reliable empirical verification. While AI assistance did not degrade most outcomes, it provided no measurable advantages and was associated with reduced detection of major errors. However, the 37% autonomous reproduction rate indicates that AI could provide value in settings where scale or cost constraints preclude human review of papers, even though general-purpose LLMs offer no immediate advantages for human-supervised verification.

The geometry of the Circle of Willis poses major challenges for mechanical thrombectomy, where device navigability and effective thrombus removal determine treatment success. This study investigated the performance of venturi-inspired aspiration thrombectomy devices in a simplified cerebral artery segment representative of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), a frequent site of occlusion. Five designs (30&#xb0;, 45&#xb0;, 60&#xb0; venturi, 7/11&#xb0; taper, and cylindrical control) were assessed using a combined computational-experimental framework. On the computational side, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations were performed in ANSYS Fluent 19.2 with k-&#x3b5; turbulence closure. Blood-clot interactions were modeled using a Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase formulation with Carreau-Yasuda non-Newtonian rheology. In vitro, stereolithography-fabricated prototypes were tested with porcine thrombi in silicone arterial phantoms. CFD predicted extraction times of 2.12&#xa0;s for the control and 1.64&#xa0;s for the 45&#xb0; venturi, with efficiency plateauing beyond 45&#xb0;. Experimental results confirmed this trend, showing the 45&#xb0; design as optimal and all venturi devices outperforming the control. Fragmentation analysis revealed a trade-off, with the 60&#xb0; venturi producing more than twice the fragments of the 30&#xb0;. These findings demonstrate that venturi taper geometry critically influences aspiration efficiency and fragmentation and establish CFD-experiment integration as a foundation for optimizing next-generation thrombectomy devices.

Quantitative imaging of lipid peroxidation-derived biomarkers in living cells remains challenging because signal fluctuations and probe heterogeneity often compromise the reliability of cellular surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements. Here, we report a biocompatible ratiometric SERS nanoprobe for quantitative detection and cellular imaging of malondialdehyde (MDA), a key biomarker of oxidative stress. The probe integrates a plasmonic core-shell architecture with a surface-confined chemical reaction, in which 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) reacts with MDA through a Schiff-base condensation to generate a characteristic Raman band at 1657 cm-1. By using the invariant Raman band at 1080 cm-1 as an internal reference, a ratiometric readout (I1657/I1080) enables self-calibrated detection and effectively compensates for variations in laser excitation and nanoprobe distribution. Importantly, the probe demonstrates high chemical specificity toward MDA, showing negligible cross-reactivity with structurally related aldehydes, ketones, and common cellular biomolecules. The silica shell enhances structural stability and significantly reduces Ag-associated cytotoxicity, allowing reliable operation in biological environments. The developed probe exhibits a linear range (0.25-12.5 &#x3bc;M) and a detection limit of 0.5 nM for MDA. In cellular studies, the nanoprobe enables dose-dependent visualization of exogenous MDA and quantitative imaging of endogenous MDA generated during AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation. The ratiometric SERS imaging clearly differentiates oxidative stress levels among treatment groups. This ratiometric SERS platform provides a robust strategy for the mapping of cellular oxidative stress and offers a versatile tool for evaluating antioxidant interventions and neurodegenerative processes.

Minimally invasive colorectal surgery is characterized by significant procedural variability, a difficult learning curve, and complications that affect patient outcomes. Video-based assessment offers an opportunity to generate data-driven insights to reduce variability, optimize training, and improve surgical performance. This mixed-methods study aimed to develop and validate a video-based assessment tool for workflow analysis across minimally invasive colorectal procedures. An international steering committee panel of seven members coordinated a three-round modified Delphi process. Experts in colorectal surgery and video-based assessment were invited to reach consensus (&#x2265; 70% agreement) on the phases and steps that describe workflows across colorectal surgery procedural videos. The resulting framework informed the development of ColoWorkflow. Four independent raters then applied ColoWorkflow to a multicentre video data set of laparoscopic and robotic colorectal procedures. Applicability and inter-rater reliability were evaluated. Of 66 invited experts, 41 (62%) from 11 countries completed round 1, 40 (98%) completed round 2, 20 attended the final online consensus meeting, and all (40 of 40) approved the final workflow descriptors. Consensus was achieved on nine procedure-agnostic phases (port placement and abdomen exploration; vascular dissection and ligation, mesocolon/mesorectum dissection, additional lymphadenectomy; colon and/or rectum mobilization; colorectal transection; anastomosis; completion of operation; preplanned additional procedures; unplanned procedures; extracorporeal procedures) and 34 procedure-specific steps that describe colorectal surgery workflows. ColoWorkflow was developed and applied to 54 colorectal surgery videos (left and right hemicolectomies, sigmoid and rectosigmoid resections, and total proctocolectomies) from five centres in four countries. The tool demonstrated broad applicability, as all phase and step labels, except one, were represented in at least one video. Inter-rater reliability was moderate, with a mean Cohen's &#x3ba; value of 0.72 for phases and 0.67 for steps. Most discrepancies arose at phase transitions and step boundary definitions. Based on this preliminary work, ColoWorkflow is a promising tool for workflow analysis across minimally invasive colorectal procedures. Its adoption may help standardize training, accelerate competency acquisition, and advance data-informed surgical quality improvement.

Echinococcosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus species. In Japan, epidemiological data are mainly derived from notification-based surveillance, and large-scale nationwide analyses focusing on hospitalized patients remain limited. This study aimed to clarify the nationwide epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with echinococcosis in Japan using an administrative database. We conducted a retrospective nationwide study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with echinococcosis between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2021, were identified. Data on age, sex, geographic distribution, affected organs, comorbidities, treatments, Japan Coma Scale score, and length of hospital stay were extracted and analyzed. A total of 170 hospitalized patients coded for echinococcosis were included after exclusion of duplicate cases. The median age was 65.5 years, and 51% were male. Hepatic involvement was observed in 90% of patients, followed by pulmonary (4%), cutaneous (2%), cerebral (2%), and osseous (2%) involvement. Surgical treatment was frequently performed, including hepatectomy in 48% and cholecystectomy in 24% of patients, while albendazole therapy was administered in 21%. Most patients were from the Hokkaido region (85%), followed by the Kanto region (8%). The average annual number of hospitalized patients was approximately 24. Echinococcosis remains a clinically relevant parasitic disease in Japan, particularly in Hokkaido, and often requires hospitalization and surgical intervention. Nationwide administrative data provide valuable insights into the real-world clinical burden of echinococcosis.

Intracardiac hemodynamics plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of cardiac and valvular diseases. Simulations of blood flow in the left ventricle (LV) have proven valuable for elucidating LV hemodynamics. While fully coupled fluid-solid modeling of the LV remains challenging due to the complex passive-active behavior of the LV myocardial wall, integrating imaging-driven quantification of structural motion with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling in the LV holds promise for feasible and personalized characterization of LV hemodynamics. In this study, we propose developing individualized LV models by integrating two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities with a moving-boundary CFD method to characterize patient-specific intracardiac LV hemodynamics. Our method uses standard cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images to assess four-dimensional endocardial motion via non-rigid image registration (NRIR), eliminating the need for complex myocardial material modeling to produce LV wall behavior. In addition, phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) was used to obtain time-resolved mitral inflow rates, applied as a spatially and temporally varying inflow velocity at the mitral orifice in the CFD simulations. CFD flow patterns, including velocity streamlines, vortex rings, and kinetic energy, were computed and compared to the available clinical data. Moreover, leveraging the NRIR framework, relationships between LV wall kinematic markers and flow characteristics were determined. The fidelity of the simulation was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the flow rate at the aortic outflow tract with the corresponding PC-MRI measurements. The proposed methodology offers a novel, feasible approach that leverages standard PC-CMR protocols to improve patient-specific clinical assessment of LV characteristics for prognostic studies and surgical planning.

To safeguard public health and ecosystem safety, precise and sensitive detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is highly desired. Although nanozyme-enabled colorimetry is widely applied, the insufficient catalytic activity and selectivity of nanozymes hinder their performance. Herein, composition-tunable AuPd nanozymes with alloy-ratio-dependent peroxidase (POD)-like activity and specificity are prepared via a simple wet-chemical reduction. Experimental analyses reveal that AuPd alloy nanozymes with a mole ratio of 1:3 possess the highest POD-like activity, with maximum reaction velocities approximately 7-fold and 3.5-fold higher than those of Au3Pd1 and Au2Pd2 nanozymes, respectively. Moreover, the Au1Pd3 nanozyme shows negligible oxidase-like activity, effectively minimizing interference from dissolved oxygen and thereby enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of colorimetric detection. Theoretical calculations reveal that Au1Pd3 nanozymes possess a high d-band center and are more likely to generate hydroxyl radicals (&#x2022;OH), thus enhancing POD-like activity in the catalytic reaction. Leveraging the selective blocking of active sites by thiocholine, the resultant Au1Pd3 nanozyme-based colorimetric platform was developed to sensitively and selectively monitor AChE activity. Furthermore, by integrating Au1Pd3 with AChE in a cascade amplification strategy, OPs detection was achieved with high sensitivity, reaching a detection limit as low as 0.216&#x202f;ng&#x202f;mL-1. Overall, this work presents an efficient approach for engineering nanozymes with elevated activity and selectivity, advancing the application of nanozyme-driven colorimetric biosensors.

Postoperative depressive symptoms are common after breast cancer surgery and can adversely affect recovery and quality of life. This multicentre trial aims to determine whether a single intraoperative subanaesthetic dose of esketamine, as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy, improves postoperative depressive outcomes at postoperative day (POD) 30. This multicentre, prospective, randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial will enrol 824&#x2009;women aged 18-80 years with stage I-III breast cancer (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III) who are scheduled to undergo surgery. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to receive 0.2&#x2009;mg/kg esketamine or an equivalent volume of normal saline after anaesthesia induction and before surgical incision. The primary outcome is the incidence of depressive symptoms at POD 30, assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression (score &#x2265;8). Secondary outcomes include acute and chronic pain, and anxious symptoms, etc. Primary analysis will use a generalised linear mixed model with a logit link on an intention-to-treat basis. The study protocol has been formally approved by the institutional ethics committee of the National Cancer Center (Approval No.25/483-5429). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and international scientific conferences. ChiCTR2600117573.