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The article is devoted to integrated research of key milestones of criminological and criminal procedure aspects of knowing the personality of the defendant and to the identification of the existing problem of harmonizing these types of cognitive activities in the administration of justice. The authors stress the differences between the criminological and the criminal procedure interpretations of the personality of the defendant, which are also manifested in the interpretation of its structure. It is shown that the factor integrating the knowledge of the personality of the defendant during judicial proceedings is the inseparable unity of this knowledge with the process of proving. The limits of knowing the personality of the defendant in criminal proceedings are directly dependent on forms of knowing and vary under the influence of their differentiation. The article presents three levels of knowing the personality of the defendant in justice in the criminological and criminal procedure aspects: extended (proceedings in cases of minors and cases on using compulsory medical measures); ordinary (cases prosecuted in general and special procedures); differentiated (cases tried by juries). It is pointed out that the personality of the criminal is most thoroughly examined at the extended and ordinary levels of knowing, which is caused by the contents of the general and the special objects of proof, as well as the absence of any legislative limitations on the objects and means of proving the above-mentioned circumstances. Most problems connected with the limits of knowing the personality of the criminal arise when a case is tried by a jury, which is caused by the bifurcation of the object of this study on the conducted inquiry with or without the participation of the jury. Having chosen the substantive approach to solving this problem, the legislators identified the limits of knowing the personality of the defendant with the limits of the sphere (object) of the cognitive competence of jurors, and other information on the personality of the defendant is studied after the verdict. The authors analyze the problems of correlation between the criminological and criminal procedure aspects of knowing the personality of the defendant in trials by jury: the effectiveness of a substantive limitation of studying personal characteristics of the defendant by jurors and the opportunity to examine the facts pointing at the insanity of the defendant with the participation of jurors. The authors also describe the specific features of examining the personality of the defendant in the USA and in Austria. They conclude that it is necessary to widen the scope of examining the personality of the defendant in trials by jury.

PROBLEMS OF APPLYING A SEMIOTIC METHODOLOGY IN MODERN JURISPRUDENCE AND BIOETHICS

ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ Journal of Visual Semiotics2019-01-01作者：N. F. Kovkel, O. V. Popova

The article aims to analyze the problems of applying a semiotic methodology in modern jurisprudence and bioethics. It is shown that the conductor of the semiotic methodology in legal research is the semiotics of law, an interdisciplinary scientific branch intensively developing since the 1970s. The current state of the semiotics of law is primarily due to the lack of a theoretical, conceptual and methodological unity. At the same time, the diversity and the “conflicts” of scientific theories, concepts and methods are observed not only at the level of interaction between semiotics and jurisprudence, but also within semiotics itself. The article considers the main scientific directions that laid the foundation for the formation of the semiotics of law, associated with two cardinal lines of the initial development of general semiotics: logical, leading its tradition from Charles Peirce’s works, and linguistic, the founder of which is Ferdinand de Saussure. It is concluded that significant methodological difficulties for the development of the semiotics of law and the application of the semiotic methodology in legal research is the lack of common concepts. It is also shown that the phenomenon of multimodality poses new challenges for the semiotics of law. It presupposes an increased research interest in non-verbal legal signs: natural, figurative, and action signs. The analysis of figurative and action signs, the results of the research of other law-related discourses (political, religious, etc.) may be particularly useful for the productive development of the semiotics of law. The article also gives an idea of heuristic possibilities of applying the semiotic approach in bioethics. In this field, it is generally accepted that semiotic problems are more likely to be related to logic, epistemology, or cognitive science, but can only be indirectly related to ethical problems of biomedicine. Based on the ideas of Charles Peirce and Victoria Welby, the article examines the historical and philosophical prerequisites for the development of the semiotics of ethics and shows that this field of research can serve as a philosophical and methodological basis for the development of semiotic research in the field of bioethics. The semiotic approach to bioethics, as stressed in the article, should be based on the problems of human body rights. They are the “semantic universals” (Umberto Eco) that can be considered inherent to the whole of humanity. In the author’s opinion, the explication of the problems of “body rights”, “somatic” law, within the framework of the semiotic approach, can become a link for the rapprochement of the semiotics of law and semiotic research in the field of bioethics.

Artificial Intelligence Law General Economics, Econometrics and Finance

Терроризм в мифологическом пространстве

Пространство и Время2015-01-01作者：Виталий Викторович Кафтан

is one of the most effective tools for influencing public consciousness; it triggers fear and terror in social psychology, and appeals to the mythological worldview, which is the ‘core’ of its managing impact. subject of my article is archetypal foundation of the mass consciousness that experts in the field of mythodesign actively use to substantiate terrorist activities: I suppose these archetypal forms constitute a mythological space of terrorism. In my study, I based on the cultural, civilizational, anthropological and post-structural methodologies, using which I have explored myths of sacrifice, martyrdom and heroism of suicide, mythological messages, communication and information and communication technology, forming an attractive image of a terrorist. I have shown the influence of intellectuals on the formation of mythological space is comparable to influence of religious and pseudo-religious (ideological) concepts. I conclude terrorist ideology could be destroyed with the help of a comprehensive study of its mythological measurements using not only scientific and research programs but also creative and aesthetic programs. terrorism; mythology; mythological communication; mythodesign; rhizome; martyrdom Barth R. Myth Today. Mythology. Moscow: Akademichesky proekt Publisher, 2010. (In Russian). Barth R. Selected Works: Semiotics. Poetics. Moscow: Progress Publisher, 1989. (In Russian). Boggs C., Pollard T. Hollywood and the Spectacle of Terrorism. New Political Science 28.3 (2006): 335–351. Cook D. Islamism and Jihadism: Transformation of Classical Notions of Jihad into an Ideology of Terrorism. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 10.2 (2009): 177–187. Deleuze J., Guattari F. Rhizome. Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Yekaterinburg and Moscow: U-Faktoria Publisher, Astrel Publisher, 2010, pp. 16–32. (In Russian). Dream and Disaster: Change Formulations of Peace. Materials for the Session of the Club ‘Red Square’, 22 May 2006. Moscow: Red Square Publisher, 2006. (In Russian). Fromm E. Escape from Freedom. Moscow: Akademichesky proekt Publisher, 2007. (In Russian). Gerashchenko L.L. Mythology of Advertising. Moscow: Diagramma Publisher, 2006. (In Russian). Hafez M. A Case Study: Mythology of in Iraq. eJournal USA. May 2007. PDF-file. . Hafez M.M. Dying To Be Martyrs: Symbolic Dimension of Suicide Terrorism. Root Causes of Suicide Globalization of Martyrdom. Ed. A. Pedahzur. New York and Oxford: Routlege, 2006, pp. 54–80. Hafez M.M. Martyrdom Mythology in Iraq: How Jihadists Frame Suicide in Videos and Biographies. and Political Violence 19.1 (2007): 95–115. Hamas: War of Some People for the Land of All. Warspot. N.p., N.d. Web. . (In Russian). Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., n.d. Web. . (In Russian). Kassirer E. Myth and State. Herald of Moscow State University. Series 7. Philosophy 2 (1990): 58–65. (In Russian). Korolev A.A. Terror and in a Psychological and Ideological Dimension: History and Modernity. Moscow: Moscow Humanities University Publisher, 2008. (In Russian). Levi-Strauss C. Structural Anthropology. Moscow: Exmo-Press Publisher, 2001. (In Russian). Lotman Yu.M. Semiosphere. Culture and Explosion Inside Minded Worlds. St. Petersburg: Iskusstvo-SPB Publisher, 2000. (In Russian). Mahmood C.K. Terrorism, Myth, and the Power of Ethnographic Praxis. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 30.5 (2001): 520–545. Malinowski B. Myth in Primitive Psychology. Magic, Science and Religion. Moscow: Refl-book Publisher, 1998, pp. 92–144. (In Russian). McLuhan M. Understanding Media: Extensions of Man. Moscow and Zhukovsky: Kuchkovo pole Publisher, 2003. (In Russian). Melentieva N. Reflections on Terror. Elements 7 (1996): 17–19. (In Russian). Mikhaylovsky N.K. Heroes and the Crowd. Selected Works on Sociology. St. Petersburg: Aletheya Publisher, 1998, volume 2. (In Russian). Mogilner M. Mythology of Underground Man: Radical Microcosm in Russia in the Early Twentieth Century as a Matter of Semiotic Analysis. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publisher, 1999. (In Russian). Muslim Scholars in Mecca Gave the Definition of Terrorism. NEWSru.com: Religion and Society. 15 Jan. 2002. N.p., n.d. Web. . (In Russian). Naimark N.M. Terrorists and Social Democrats: Russian Revolutionary Movement Under Alexander III. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983. Orr A. Terrorism: Philosophical Discourse. Defense & Security Analysis 29.3 (2013): 177–187. Petukhov V.B. Information Discourse of in the Context of Artistic Reflection. Moscow: LKI Publisher, 2007. (In Russian). Pocheptsov G. About How To ‘Switch Nations.’ Psychological / Information Operations as the Impact of Technology on the Mass Consciousness in the Twentieth Century. Kiev: Vakler Publisher, 1998. (In Russian). Popravko N.V., Syrov V.N. Genesis of the Mass Consciousness. Sociological Journal 1-2 (1998): 66–78. (In Russian). Riegler T. Through the Lenses of Hollywood: depictions of in American Movies. Perspectives on 4.2 (2010): 35–45 Rowland R.C., Theye K. The Symbolic DNA of Terrorism. Communication Monographs 75.1 (2008): 52–85. Semati M.M. Violence, and in Hollywood’s International Political Imagery. Media, Sex, Violence, and Drugs in Global Village. Eds. Y.R. Kemalipour and K.R. Rampal. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001, pp. 235–260. Simon J.D. The Forgotten Terrorists: Lessons from the History of Terrorism. and Political Violence 20.2 (2008): 195–214. Skoll G.R. Meanings of Terrorism. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law – Revue internationale de Semiotique juridique 20.2 (2007): 107–127. Stolz D.E. I'm a Soldier in the Army of the Lord: as Sacred Ritual. Psychological Perspectives 54.2 (2011): 152–164. Tarasenko V.V. Sociology of Fractal Model of a Terrorist Organization. Moscow International Synergistic Forum. N.p., n.d. Web. . (In Russian). Tkachev P.N. Terrorism as the Only Means of Moral and Social Rebirth of Russia. Selected Writings. Moscow: Sotsekgiz Publisher, 1932, volume 3. (In Russian). Uliyanovsky A.V. Mythodesign: Commercial and Social Myths. St. Petersburg: Piter Publisher, 2005. (In Russian). We'll Calibrate the Global Disharmony by Algebra: Interview with V.A Lefevr. Centaur 31 (2003): 64–66. (In Russian). Zulaika J., Douglass W.A. The Terrorist Subject: Studies and the Absent Subjectivity. Critical Studies on 1.1 (2008): 27–36. Kaftan, V. V. Terrorism in Mythological Space of. Space and Time 1/2 (2015): 163–169. (In Russian). Fixed network address 2226-7271provr_st1_2-19_20.2015.44.

Sociology and Political Science

搜索结果：International journal for the semiotics of law = Revue internationale de semiotique juridique

The Personality of the Defendant Through the Prism of Justice: Criminology and Criminal Procedure Aspects

PROBLEMS OF APPLYING A SEMIOTIC METHODOLOGY IN MODERN JURISPRUDENCE AND BIOETHICS

Терроризм в мифологическом пространстве

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