The Damaraland mole-rat is a subterranean mammal exhibiting extreme reproductive skew \nwith a single reproductive female in each colony responsible for procreation. Non-reproductive \nfemale colony members are physiologically suppressed while in the colony exhibiting reduced \nconcentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and a decreased response of the pituitary, \nas measured by the release of bioactive LH, to an exogenous dose of gonadotrophin releasing \nhormone (GnRH). Removal of the reproductive female from the colony results in an elevation \nof LH and an enhanced response of the pituitary to a GnRH challenge in non-reproductive \nfemales comparable to reproductive females, implying control of reproduction in these \nindividuals by the reproductive female. The Damaraland mole-rat is an ideal model for \ninvestigating the physiological and behavioural mechanisms that regulate the hypothalamopituitary- \ngonadal axis. In contrast, we know less about the control of reproduction at the level \nof the hypothalamus. The immunohistochemistry of the GnRH system of both reproductive \nand non-reproductive female Damaraland mole-rats has revealed no significant differences with \nrespect to morphology, distribution or numbers of immunoreactive GnRH perikarya. We \nexamined whether the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin was responsible for the \ninhibition of the release of the GnRH from the neurons indirectly by measuring LH \nconcentrations in these non-reproductive females following single, hourly and eight hourly \ninjections of the opioid antagonist naloxone. The results imply that the endogenous opioid \npeptide, beta-endorphin, is not responsible for the inhibition of GnRH release from the \nperikarya in non-reproductive females. Preliminary data examining the circulating levels of \ncortisol also do not support a role for circulating glucocorticoids. The possible role of \nkisspeptin is discussed.
In the inaugural editorial of Integrative Zoology (INZ), the founding vision was clear: represent and re-unite our various sub-disciplines and provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of zoological phenomena at all levels.
Integrative Zoology recently entered its third year of publication and continues to develop its reputation as a high-quality, rapidly published journal that features integrative research from a truly international platform. The field of scientific publishing is a competitive one, and carving out a new niche is no easy task.
The International Society of Zoological Sciences (ISZS), established in 2004, is devoted to bettering the field of zoology by increasing communication and cooperation between all of its branches (www.globalzoology.org). In order to promote cooperation between ISZS and other international zoological societies and institutions, ISZS would like to invite representatives from various organizations in various regions around the world to gather together in Beijing to discuss such topics as the election of new ISZS committee members and other related events that will be finalized in Paris in 2008, how to expand ISZS, and how ISZS can serve as a bridge to increase communication between zoological communities
The invited papers in this special issue highlight contributions to the symposium with the same title, held at Genomes to Biomes: the First Joint Meeting of the Canadian Society for Ecology and Evolution, the Canadian Society of Zoologists, and the Society of Canadian Limnologists. Today, leading researchers cross boundaries between layers of biological organization and traditional areas of expertise, and increasingly reach beyond their historical role in society to serve as public educators and science advocates. This series includes reviews of the integrative study of animals ranging from the very small (the world’s southernmost insect) to the very large (rorqual whales), a review on using ancient DNA to elucidate the physiology of long-extinct animals, and research articles that take us from the proteomic response of honey bees to Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection to the geographic spread of a harmful invasive earthworm in the boreal forest.
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Further analysis of the effectiveness of integrating project-based learning (PjBL) in Invertebrate Zoology courses to improve students' science process skills and conceptual understanding needs to be carried out. This research was aimed to analyze the integration of PjBL in the Invertebrate Zoology course on scientific process skills and conceptual understanding of student. As for seeing the effect of each indicator from each predictor, a qualitative descriptive analysis was carried out. Respondents in this study were students of the Biology Education Study Program FTTE Universitas Bengkulu. A sample of 30 respondents was taken by random sampling technique. The research instrument is a questionnaire for scientific process skills and tests for understanding concepts. The hypothesis is tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The integration of PjBL has a significant influence on the scientific skills process of 0.038 with an F value of 4.524 and also has a significant influence on concept understanding at 0.018 with an F value of 0.018. It was concluded that there was an effect of the integration of PjBL on scientific process skills and conceptual understanding of Invertebrate Zoology, with a significance level of 0.05, so that it can be taken into consideration in developing learning in the Invertebrate Zoology course.
As a biological discipline, zoology has one of the longest histories. Today it occasionally appears as though, due to the rapid expansion of life sciences, zoology has been replaced by more or less independent sub-disciplines amongst which exchange is often sparse. However, the recent advance of molecular methodology into "classical" fields of biology, and the development of theories that can explain phenomena on different levels of organisation, has led to a re-integration of zoological disciplines promoting a broader than usual approach to zoological questions. Zoology has re-emerged as an integrative discipline encompassing the most diverse aspects of animal life, from the level of the gene to the level of the ecosystem.The new journal Frontiers in Zoology is the first Open Access journal focussing on zoology as a whole. It aims to represent and re-unite the various disciplines that look at animal life from different perspectives and at providing the basis for a comprehensive understanding of zoological phenomena on all levels of analysis. Frontiers in Zoology provides a unique opportunity to publish high quality research and reviews on zoological issues that will be internationally accessible to any reader at no cost.
Graphical Abstract This study demonstrated the effects of osmoregulatory responses on the morphology and density of ionocytes, as well as protein abundance and activity of Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA). Four types of gill ionocytes were identified according to their apical membrane morphology observed the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Asian sea bass was also found to have the lowest osmoregulatory response in 10‰ brackish water, because the lowest amounts of ionocytes and NKA were required to maintain osmolality at this salinity.
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Roughly 18,000 species are described annually as new to science, while estimated extinction rates are comparable to or even exceeding these new discoveries. Considering the estimates of up to 15 million extant eukaryotic species on Earth, of which only about 2 million have been described so far, there has been a recent ‘boom’ of new potential approaches to more quickly discover and describe the millions of unknown species. This deficit is particularly noted in hyperdiverse taxa, as the current rate of species discovery is considered too slow. Recently, a ‘minimalist’ alpha taxonomic approach was proposed, relying solely on DNA barcoding and a habitus photograph, in a claimed effort to expedite the naming of new species to combat the so-called taxonomic impediment. In this paper, we point to limitations of minimalist taxonomy, present arguments in favour of the integrative approach, and finally explore a number of potential solutions to combat the taxonomic impediment in hyperdiverse taxa without sacrificing utility and quality for apparent speed and quantity.
Xu, Xin, Liu, Fengxiang, Chen, Jian, Li, Daiqin, Kuntner, Matjaž (2015): Integrative taxonomy of the primitively segmented spider genus Ganthela (Araneae: Mesothelae: Liphistiidae): DNA barcoding gap agrees with morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 288-306, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12280, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12280
This study is a quantitative research conducted to analyze the integration of project activity to increase the scientific process skill and self-efficacy. While uncovering the effect of each indicator of every predictor, a descriptive qualitative analysis has been done. Respondents in this research were biology students in teacher. The sample of 30 respondents were taken by random sampling technique. Research instruments were in the form of scientific process skill test and self-efficacy inventory. The hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Integration of project activity has significant effect towards scientific skill process at 0.038 with F value of 4.524 and also have a significant effect for self effication at 0.018 with F value of 0.018. Based on results analysis, it is concluded that there was an effect of project activity integration in Zoology of Vertebrate teaching and learning on pre-service teachers’ scientific process skill and self-efficacy, with significance level of 0.05.
Three-dimensional printing technology has shown its importance in many fields. In this study, the potential of this technique in zoological systematics was assessed. For the first time, 3D printed models were incorporated in the description of a new genus as a complement to pictures and drawings to illustrate complex 3D structures and to be used in education. Hereby, we also tested the performances of different printing materials and suggest resin as the most suitable option for the zoological field. As a case study, Labrys chinensis gen. nov., sp. nov. was described using an integrative approach: detailed morphology based on light- and electron microscopy, phylogenetic position as revealed from two ribosomal RNA genes, generic traits were tested for homoplasy, and the intra- and interpopulation variations of four sampled populations were analyzed. The new genus belongs to the subfamily Tylenchinae, family Tylenchidae in the infraorder Tylenchomorpha. It is characterized by a unique labial plate that has four narrow lobes with tips detached from the adjacent cuticle, laterally broad elongated amphidial apertures, a strong sclerotized excretory duct, a round spacious postvulval uterine sac, and a spicule with a sharp protrusion at the blade.
The founding of the Journal of Experimental Zoology in 1904 was inspired by a widespread turn toward experimental biology in the 19th century. The founding editors sought to promote experimental, laboratory-based approaches, particularly in developmental biology. This agenda raised key practical and epistemological questions about how and where to study development: Does the environment matter? How do we know that a cell or embryo isolated to facilitate observation reveals normal developmental processes? How can we integrate descriptive and experimental data? R.G. Harrison, the journal's first editor, grappled with these questions in justifying his use of cell culture to study neural patterning. Others confronted them in different contexts: for example, F.B. Sumner insisted on the primacy of fieldwork in his studies on adaptation, but also performed breeding experiments using wild-collected animals. The work of Harrison, Sumner, and other early contributors exemplified both the power of new techniques, and the meticulous explanation of practice and epistemology that was marshaled to promote experimental approaches. A century later, experimentation is widely viewed as the standard way to study development; yet at the same time, cutting-edge "big data" projects are essentially descriptive, closer to natural history than to the approaches championed by Harrison et al. Thus, the original questions about how and where we can best learn about development are still with us. Examining their history can inform current efforts to incorporate data from experiment and description, lab and field, and a broad range of organisms and disciplines, into an integrated understanding of animal development.
This study examines the efficacy, cost, and implementation of an integrated science and literacy curriculum for kindergarten. The study was conducted in a large urban district and included 1,589 students in 71 classrooms in 21 schools. The research includes a multi-site cluster-randomized controlled trial and mixed-methods cost and implementation studies. Analysis revealed significant impacts on comprehension, letter-naming fluency, and motivation to read. No main impacts were observed on decoding, word identification, or writing; however, exploratory analysis revealed that students whose teachers implemented the treatment with fidelity performed statistically significantly better in writing and decoding. The cost to produce the observed effects was estimated at $480 per student, two-thirds of which was borne by the school. Despite this cost, treatment classrooms achieved savings by using an average of three fewer instructional programs than control classrooms. Teachers reported positive effects from the integrated curriculum on student engagement, learning, and behavior.
Astroviruses are increasingly recognized as a cause of human gastroenteritis. Electron microscopy (EM) has been considered the "gold standard" method for diagnosis, but this approach is limited to a few laboratories. We evaluated a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (IDEIA Astrovirus, DAKO Diagnostika, Hamburg, Germany) for the direct detection of antigen in fecal samples. In comparison to EM, the assay scored 100% in sensitivity and specificity (n = 213; 26 positive samples) and reacted with strains representing all known serotypes. Over an 11-month period 4,211 stool samples from unselected German patients suffering from acute gastroenteritis were examined. Etiologically responsible microorganisms were found in 13.0% of cases, with astrovirus the third most common pathogen (1.2%) behind Salmonella spp. (2.9%) and Rotavirus (2.5%), representing 13.5% of all positive specimens. Norwalk-like viruses (NLV), fungi, and protozoa were not tested. In infants of < 2 years of age (n = 458) the incidence of astrovirus infection was significantly higher (2.8%) compared to children of 2-7 years of age (n = 578; 1.7%) and those of > 7 years of age (n = 3,175; 0.9%). The frequency revealed a peak in winter (mean November-February: 2.0% versus other months: 0.8%).