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A. Kurta, J. Kennedy (eds.). 2002. The Indiana Bat, Biology and Management of an Endangered Species. Bat Conservation International Austin, Texas 253 pp. ISBN not available, price (paper) $17. This volume compiles 27 papers that followed from presentations at the spring 2001 symposium The Indiana Bat: Biology and Management of an Endangered Species . The Northeast Bat Working Group organized the symposium to synthesize and disseminate research information gathered on the ecology and behavior of the Indiana bat since release of the 1983 recovery plan. The editors divided the volume into 6 topic areas. The 1st section ( Status , Distribution , and Policy ) provides an overview of Indiana bat natural history, progress and …

The Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC) is a local health information infrastructure (LHII) that includes information from the five major hospital systems (fifteen separate hospitals), the county and state public health departments, and Indiana Medicaid and RxHub and that carries 660 million separate results. It provides cross-institutional access to physicians in emergency rooms and hospitals based on patient-physician proximity or on hospital credentialing. The network includes and delivers laboratory, radiology, dictation, and other documents to a majority of Indianapolis office practices. The INPC began operation seven years ago and is one of the first and best examples of an LHII.

PURPOSE: To establish a new classification system for filtering blebs according to clinical morphologic parameters. The purpose of this classification system is to provide a uniform and objective assessment of bleb appearance and establish a framework system through which outcomes of filtration surgery may be better correlated to clinical morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale contains a set of photographic standards illustrating a range of filtering bleb morphology selected from the slide library of the Glaucoma Service at the Indiana University Department of Ophthalmology. These standards consist of slit lamp images for grading bleb height, extent, vascularity, and leakage with the Seidel test. For grading, the morphologic appearance of the filtration bleb is assessed relative to the standard images for the 4 parameters and scored accordingly. Fifty-one clinical bleb photographs were evaluated and scored by 3 glaucoma subspecialists in a masked fashion according to the scale. RESULTS: For all of the grading scales, high interobserver agreement was found using the scale to classify the appearance of filtering blebs (height +0.76; extent +0.78; vascularity +0.90, interclass correlation coefficient for consistency using a 2-way mixed effect model). CONCLUSION: The Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale is a simple, reproducible, yet comprehensive system for classifying the morphologic slit lamp appearance of filtration blebs.

Measurements have been completed for eight different poroelastic moduli of water‐saturated Berea sandstone and Indiana limestone as a function of confining pressure and pore pressure. The poroelastic moduli for Indiana limestone are generally consistent to ±10%, which was verified by a formal inversion procedure for independent moduli from the eight measurements. For Indiana limestone, best fit values were drained bulk modulus, 21.2 GPa; the undrained bulk modulus, 31.7 GPa; drained Poisson's ratio, 0.26; undrained Poisson's ratio, 0.33; and pore pressure buildup coefficient, 0.47 at 20–35 MPa effective stress. The poroelastic moduli for Berea sandstone are generally consistent to ±20%. The greater inconsistency is most likely caused by the nonlinear variation of the moduli at different strains. For Berea sandstone, best fit values were drained bulk modulus, 6.6 GPa; undrained bulk modulus, 15.8 GPa; drained Poisson's ratio, 0.17; undrained Poisson's ratio, 0.34; and pore pressure buildup coefficient, 0.75 at 10 MPa effective stress.

The Female Athlete Triad is a medical condition often observed in physically active girls and women, and involves three components: (1) low energy availability with or without disordered eating, (2) menstrual dysfunction and (3) low bone mineral density. Female athletes often present with one or more of the three Triad components, and an early intervention is essential to prevent its progression to serious endpoints that include clinical eating disorders, amenorrhoea and osteoporosis. This consensus statement represents a set of recommendations developed following the 1st (San Francisco, California, USA) and 2nd (Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) International Symposia on the Female Athlete Triad. It is intended to provide clinical guidelines for physicians, athletic trainers and other healthcare providers for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of the Female Athlete Triad and to provide clear recommendations for return to play. The 2014 Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement on Treatment and Return to Play of the Female Athlete Triad expert panel has proposed a risk stratification point system that takes into account magnitude of risk to assist the physician in decision-making regarding sport participation, clearance and return to play. Guidelines are offered for clearance categories, management by a multidisciplinary team and implementation of treatment contracts. This consensus paper has been endorsed by the Female Athlete Triad Coalition, an International Consortium of leading Triad researchers, physicians and other healthcare professionals, the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine.

Microtus pennsylvanicus and M. ochrogaster are sympatric in southern Indiana grasslands. From June 1965 to August 1967 four populations were lived trapped, three of them in 0.8—hectare (2—acre) outdoor pens. Both species increased during 1965 and reached peak densities in summer 1966. Microtus ochrogaster declined abruptly that fall and remained low; M. pennsylvanicus declined the following spring. One of the fenced populations increased to a density about three times that of its unfenced control. By early fall 1966 it had nearly destroyed its food resources and then suffered a severe decline associated with obvious overgrazing and starvation. No such overgrazing has been seen on any unfenced grasslands in this area. Dispersal is probably necessary for normal population regulation in these voles, since fenced populations seem unable to regulate their density below the limit set by starvation. Both species bred extensively in the winter of 1965—66 during the phase of population increase. There was little or no breeding during the winter after the peak. Survival of females in the trappable population of both species was high and relatively constant until the end of the cycle. In males, periods of low survival punctuated the increase and peak phases, and these periods of low male survival did not occur at the same time in the two Microtus species. Some mortality processes are thus highly specific for sex and species. In the fenced populations survival rates were very high and no sporadic male losses occurred. Increasing and peak populations of M. pennsylvanicus and M. ochrogaster are characterized by adults of large body size. During the increase and peak phases some voles stopped growing at low weights (30—40 g) while others reached high asymptotic weights (45—55 g). The demography of these Microtus species in southern Indiana is similar to that of other cycle voles and lemmings in temperate and arctic areas.

BACKGROUND: In January 2015, a total of 11 new diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were reported in a small community in Indiana. We investigated the extent and cause of the outbreak and implemented control measures. METHODS: We identified an outbreak-related case as laboratory-confirmed HIV infection newly diagnosed after October 1, 2014, in a person who either resided in Scott County, Indiana, or was named by another case patient as a syringe-sharing or sexual partner. HIV polymerase (pol) sequences from case patients were phylogenetically analyzed, and potential risk factors associated with HIV infection were ascertained. RESULTS: From November 18, 2014, to November 1, 2015, HIV infection was diagnosed in 181 case patients. Most of these patients (87.8%) reported having injected the extended-release formulation of the prescription opioid oxymorphone, and 92.3% were coinfected with hepatitis C virus. Among 159 case patients who had an HIV type 1 pol gene sequence, 157 (98.7%) had sequences that were highly related, as determined by phylogenetic analyses. Contact tracing investigations led to the identification of 536 persons who were named as contacts of case patients; 468 of these contacts (87.3%) were located, assessed for risk, tested for HIV, and, if infected, linked to care. The number of times a contact was named as a syringe-sharing partner by a case patient was significantly associated with the risk of HIV infection (adjusted risk ratio for each time named, 1.9; P<0.001). In response to this outbreak, a public health emergency was declared on March 26, 2015, and a syringe-service program in Indiana was established for the first time. CONCLUSIONS: Injection-drug use of extended-release oxymorphone within a network of persons who inject drugs in Indiana led to the introduction and rapid transmission of HIV. (Funded by the state government of Indiana and others.).

ABSTRACT A complete understanding of the various rock properties is essential in determining the rockfluid interactions that take place during coreflood experiments. Although Berea sandstone, Baker dolomite and Indiana limestone have been used by the petroleum industry as reference materials, very few data have been reported in the literature regarding their basic rock properties. This paper contains petrographic and petrophysical data for these rock types. Twelve representative samples were selected to study the variability and the relationship of several rock properties, including mineral content, grain and pore size, porosity, permeability, specific surface area, mercury capillary pressure, and electrokinetic properties. The results indicate: 1) the Upper Berea sandstone samples studied exhibit correlations between porosity, permeability, specific surface area, and various parameters obtained from the mercury capillary pressure analyses that may be used to predict certain rock properties, 2) Baker dolomite and Indiana limestone contain a small amount of clays and organic matter, 3) These carbonates show a bimodal pore throat size distribution based on mercury capillary pressure analyses, and 4) The surface charges of these rocks are very dependent on the brine composition and pH. The specific surface area and surface charge data can be used to determine the amount of chemical retention during corefloods using these or similar reservoir rocks. This information is necessary to optimize chemical processes used in the oilfield.

Eggs of 12 strains of Aedes albopictus (Skuse), two strains of A. aegypti L., and one strain of A. triseriatus (Say) were tested for ability to overwinter at three outdoor locations in Indiana. Some survival of A. albopictus eggs was observed during the winters of 1986-1987 and 1987-1988. A. triseriatus had greater overwintering ability than A. albopictus; A. aegypti did not survive at all locations. Prolonged cold-conditioning and photoperiodically induced diapause increased the overwintering ability of A. albopictus eggs. Strains of A. albopictus from northern Asia and North America showed higher overwintering survival rates than A. albopictus strains from tropical Asia, Hawaii, and Brazil; strains from Indiana had greater ability to overwinter than those from Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Results are discussed in relation to the overwintering limits of this species in the United States.

Abstract: We assessed alien plant invasion of old‐growth forest islands in rural central Indiana by means of paired sample sites along “warm” (south and west) edges and “cool” (north and east) edges in each of seven forest remnants. In general, the fragments appeared resistant to alien invasion; alien species richness and frequency dropped sharply inward from forest edges, and forest interiors were relatively free of aliens. However, aliens were more diverse and more frequent on warm edges than on cool ones. The main factor limiting invasion is probably low light availability in forest interiors, though limited dispersal and low disturbance levels may also be important. We suggest that invasion is discouraged by the edge response of the forests themselves: development of a dense wall of bordering vegetation that reduces interior light levels and wind speeds. The most successful invaders are mostly escaped ornamentals or other species not commonly found in adjoining fields. They can be expected to become more prominent in the future, but their spread at the landscape scale may be slowed by the “oceans” of cropland surrounding these forest islands.

In general, ecological assemblages and communities appear to be regulated primarily by either deterministic or stochastic processes. It is currently important to quantify the relative frequencies of these two types of assemblages since most ecological theory is applicable only to deterministic systems. We attempted to distinguish the mechanism regulating species abundances and trophic structure in an Indiana stream fish assemblage. Samples collected over a 12-yr period were separated by season (spring, summer, and autumn) and species were then assigned to a trophic group based on published dietary data. Analyses showed a total lack of persistence for the ranks of species abundances and the ranks of trophic groups for all seasons. Consequently, we conclude that this assemblage is probably regulated by stochastic factors. This finding is concordant with many other studies which have documented the substantial effects of environmental unpredictability (i.e., floods and droughts) on other stream taxocenes.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of race, gender, and marital status on giving and volunteering behavior. A second purpose is to examine these effects across different survey methodologies. Using data from Indiana households, a multimethod, multigroup research design was used to compare giving and volunteering across eight different survey methodologies. Results indicate important differences in philanthropic behaviors by gender, race, marital status, and survey methodology—even when controlling for differences in income, age, and educational attainment. These results highlight the importance of looking specifically at human and social capital variables, and survey methodology, when making assumptions about and interpreting the measurement of philanthropic behavior.

Abstract Observations of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon and its biophysical drivers have been collected at the AmeriFlux site in the Morgan‐Monroe State Forest (MMSF) in Indiana, USA since 1998. Thus, this is one of the few deciduous forest sites in the world, where a decadal analysis on net ecosystem productivity (NEP) trends is possible. Despite the large interannual variability in NEP, the observations show a significant increase in forest productivity over the past 10 years (by an annual increment of about 10 g C m −2 yr −1 ). There is evidence that this trend can be explained by longer vegetative seasons, caused by extension of the vegetative activity in the fall. Both phenological and flux observations indicate that the vegetative season extended later in the fall with an increase in length of about 3 days yr −1 for the past 10 years. However, these changes are responsible for only 50% of the total annual gain in forest productivity in the past decade. A negative trend in air and soil temperature during the winter months may explain an equivalent increase in NEP through a decrease in ecosystem respiration.

This study evaluated the ecological and taxonomic correlates of seed mass variation among 648 angiosperm species of the Indiana Dunes region (113 families, 507 genera in the original flora). The sample represented 50% of the species, 60% of the genera, and 67% of the families reported from the area. Species were chosen at random from the published flora. Each species was characterized by family membership, habitat, life history, phenological characters, and native vs. alien status, in order to determine the relationship among species between these variables and mean seed mass. Unique to this study are measurements of the effects of phenology and taxonomic family on seed mass. Each species occurred in ≥1 of 13 habitat types described in the Intiana Dunes flora. To determine the effect of apparent water and light availability on seed mass, each habitat was assigned to one of four categories representing combinations of inferred water and light availability. Life histories or life forms represented were: annuals, biennials, herbaceous vines, parasites, perennials, short—lived perennials, shrubs, small trees, trees, and woody vines. Two phenological variables were available for most species: the time at which flowering begins (early, middle, or late), and the duration of flowering (short: &lt;2mo; medium: 2—3mo; long: &gt;3 mo). The mean seed mass of each species was established by weighing samples from herbarium specimens in the United States National Herbarium. The frequency distribution of raw seed mass is highly skewed among species, so mean seed mass for each species was assigned to 1 of 14 seed mass classes based on a log scale (cf. Baker 1972). This transformation achieved a nearly normal distribution and made the data presentation comparable to that of Baker. One—way ANOVAs measured the effects of each factor across all other variables; two—way ANOVAs were conducted to detect significant interactions and strong associations between characters; multi—factorial ANOVAs were performed to measure the effect of each class variable independent of the others and to corroborate associations between characters suggested by the two—way ANOVAs. One—way ANOVAs revealed a statistically significant effect of all ecological and taxonomic factors on seed mass, with the exception of native vs. alien status. Seed mass variance was accounted for as follows: family, 30%; life history, 22%; habitat, 8%; water/light category, 5%; onset of flowering, 5%; and duration of flowering, 4%. The smallest seeds were produced by the Scrophulariaceae and the largest by the Fabaceae, Liliaceae, and Rosaceae. The largest seeded species lived in closed habitats: wooded dunes, thickets, and wet dunes. Small—seeded species were associated with open habitats: wet dunes, aquatic habitats, marshes, and streamsides. Light availability was a better predictor of relative seed mass than was inferred water availability. The strong effect of life history on seed mass was due primarily to the extremely large seeds produced by trees. Significant differences in seed mass were not detected among life forms producing seeds of intermediate mass (seeds produced by annuals, biennials, perennials, shrubs, small trees, and vines were statistically indistinguishable). Early flowering and flowering of short duration were associated with the production of large seeds. Two—way ANOVAs detected eight significant two—way interactions: family × native vs. alien status, family × life history, family × onset of flowering, habitat × life history, water/light category × life history, water/light category × native vs. alien status, life history × duration of flowering, and onset of flowering × duration of flowering. These were further evaluated to determine the source of the interaction. Multi—factorial ANOVAs provided measurements of the effects of one class variable on seed mass while all other variables were controlled statistically. The statistical effect on seed mass of each variable independent of the others was much lower than in the one—way ANOVAs. Seed mass variance was explained independently by each variable as follows: family, 13%; life history, 13%; habitat, 4%; water/light category, 3%; onset of flowering, 1%; and duration of flowering, 1%. Two strong associations were detected in these ANOVAs: an association between family and habitat, and between life history and onset of flowering. Although the effects of ecological and life history characters on seed mass evaluated in this study were highly statistically significant, the R 2 values associated with these effects were quite low. For example, habitat accounted for only 4% of the variance in seed mass independent of the other effects measured. This suggests that at the geographic scale investigated in this study, there is no primary habitat—specific ecological attribute that determines the seed mass of a habitat's component species. Seed mass of a species is determined by a combination of its phylogeny, life history, phenology, and ecological attributes, including variables not measured in this study. Even the most complete ANOVAs (including effects due to all variables measured) accounted for no &gt;44% of the total variance in seed mass among species. The results of this study parallel previous comparative works that have demonstrated associations between seed mass and life form or habitat type. Seed mass does segregate among species occupying distinct habitats, but this relationship is due largely to associations among taxonomic family, life form, and habitat.

This monograph describes the glacial features and the great glacial lakes of a district in Indiana and Michigan lying between the areas covered by Monographs XXXVIII, and XLI. The glacial features are treated mainly by Mr. Leverett, and the glacial lakes and their moraines by Mr. Taylor. The pre-Wisconsin glacial and interglacial formations are given attention, but the principal subject of discussion is the Wisconsin drift of the Saginaw lobe and the neighboring portions of the Lake Michigan and Huron-Erie lobes.

Acknowledgments 1 Talk as Social Action 2 Fieldwork Section 1 The Neighborhood and Children's Groups 3 The Maple Street Children's Group and Their Neighborhood Section 2 Directive/Response Sequences and Social Organization 4 Research on Directives 5 Man, don't come down in here where I am Directive Use in a Boy's Task Activity 6 Task Activity and Pretend Play amoung Girls Section 3 Disputes and Gossip 7 Building Opposition in Children's Argument 8 He-Said-She-Said Section 4 Stories within Dispute Processess 9 Perspectives on Stories 10 Stories as Participation Structures 11 Instigating Section 5 Conclusion 12 Conclusion Appendix A The Children Appendix B Ritual Insult Sequence Appendix C Boys' Dispute Stories Appendix D Girls' Instigating Stories Notes References Cited Name Index Subject Index Photographs follow page 54

BACKGROUND: Glyphosate (GLY) is the most heavily used herbicide worldwide but the extent of exposure in human pregnancy remains unknown. Its residues are found in the environment, major crops, and food items that humans, including pregnant women, consume daily. Since GLY exposure in pregnancy may also increase fetal exposure risk, we designed a birth-cohort study to determine exposure frequency, potential exposure pathways, and associations with fetal growth indicators and pregnancy length. METHOD: Urine and residential drinking water samples were obtained from 71 women with singleton pregnancies living in Central Indiana while they received routine prenatal care. GLY measurements were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Demographic and survey information relating to food and water consumption, stress, and residence were obtained by questionnaire. Maternal risk factors and neonatal outcomes were abstracted from medical records. Correlation analyses were used to assess relationships of urine GLY levels with fetal growth indicators and gestational length. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 29 years, and the majority were Caucasian. Ninety three percent of the pregnant women had GLY levels above the limit of detection (0.1 ng/mL). Mean urinary GLY was 3.40 ng/mL (range 0.5-7.20 ng/mL). Higher GLY levels were found in women who lived in rural areas (p = 0.02), and in those who consumed > 24 oz. of caffeinated beverages per day (p = 0.004). None of the drinking water samples had detectable GLY levels. We observed no correlations with fetal growth indicators such as birth weight percentile and head circumference. However, higher GLY urine levels were significantly correlated with shortened gestational lengths (r = - 0.28, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study of GLY exposure in US pregnant women using urine specimens as a direct measure of exposure. We found that > 90% of pregnant women had detectable GLY levels and that these levels correlated significantly with shortened pregnancy lengths. Although our study cohort was small and regional and had limited racial/ethnic diversity, it provides direct evidence of maternal GLY exposure and a significant correlation with shortened pregnancy. Further investigations in a more geographically and racially diverse cohort would be necessary before these findings could be generalized.

Using a survey of over 320 consumers from across the state of Indiana, we estimate an ordered probit model to determine the demographic and attitudinal factors which are most important in predicting the likelihood of consumers to purchase products that are produced within the state. Our results indicate that the willingness to purchase locally produced agricultural products increases with time of residency in the state, and we find a greater tendency for female consumers to purchase such products. We also find that quality perceptions play a critical role in these food purchase decisions. We underscore the importance of maintaining minimum quality standards to maximize the effectiveness of state level agricultural promotion programs.

This paper compares different image processing routines to identify suitable remote sensing variables for urban classifi- cation in the Marion County, Indiana, USA, using a Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM� ) image. The ETMmultispectral, panchromatic, and thermal images are used. Incorporation of spectral signature, texture, and surface temperature is examined, as well as data fusion techniques for combining a higher spatial resolution image with lower spatial resolution multispectral images. Results indicate that incorporation of texture from lower spatial resolution images or of a temperature image cannot improve classification accuracies. However, incorporation of textures derived from a higher spatial resolution panchromatic image improves the classification accuracy. In particular, use of data fusion result and texture image yields the best classifi- cation accuracy with an overall accuracy of 78 percent and a kappa index of 0.73 for eleven land use and land cover classes.