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Isoprene, a C5 hydrocarbon emitted by various land plants, serves as a protective molecule under heat stress. The moss Calohypnum plumiforme isoprene synthase (ISPS) catalyzes isoprene formation from dimethylallyl diphosphate and contains two aromatic residues (Y393 and F615) at the bottom of the active site that restrict the cavity size to accommodate the smaller C5 substrate. Here, we show that these residues are critical determinants of substrate size selectivity. Substitution of the two residues with alanine (Y393A and F615A) expanded the active site and exhibited diterpene synthase activity, generating ent-pimaradienes from ent-copalyl diphosphate. Further mutagenesis of the catalytic motif yielded ent-kaurene, demonstrating stepwise functional conversion from diterpene synthase to ISPS activity. Screening of ISPS genes across mosses identified two structurally unrelated enzyme classes: typical diterpene synthase-type ISPSs (C. plumiforme, Pohlia nutans) and microbial-type terpene synthase (TPS)-like ISPSs (Polytrichum commune, Leucobryum juniperoideum), the latter representing a previously unrecognized ISPS scaffold. Microbial-type TPS-like ISPSs of P. communehave two aromatic residues (W151 and F288), as in the case of C.plumiformeISPS, to restrict the cavity size. Substitution experiments expanding the active site in ISPS of P. commune (W151A and F288A) determined the production of ocimenes as monoterpene synthase activity. These results define the molecular basis of substrate specificity in TPSs and demonstrate that structurally divergent enzyme families can independently acquire ISPS activity.
This study sought to obtain and assess different insoluble soybean polysaccharide (ISPS) fractions from defatted soybean flour for their use as oil-in-water emulsifiers. The primary focus was to examine the influence of specific processing conditions - particularly the timing of sonication - on the physicochemical properties of these fractions and their subsequent ability to stabilise emulsions, elucidating the underlying mechanisms through protein-polysaccharide interactions. The S-ISPS fraction, obtained by sonication prior to alkaline extraction, showed a significantly higher extraction yield (354 g kg-1) and enhanced protein solubility compared to ISPS and ISPS-S fractions. Structural changes induced by sonication, such as acid hydrolysis and deamidation, critically improved interfacial activity, significantly reducing interfacial tension even at low concentrations. Consequently, S-ISPS consistently produced emulsions with the smallest average droplet diameters. Conversely, ISPS and ISPS-S formed larger droplets and displayed a higher bulk complex viscosity, indicating the presence of a more robust and compact floc network. All ISPS fractions demonstrated excellent stability against droplet coalescence over 28 days at acidic pH. This research highlights that while all fractions are high-potential emulsifiers, the specific processing, particularly the timing of sonication, significantly alters the physicochemical properties of the ISPS fractions and their performance as emulsifying agents. The findings underscore the increased added value of this soybean by-product via synergistic protein-polysaccharide interactions. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
Plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere, reaching approximately 109 tons of carbon per year. These biogenic VOCs exhibit significant chemical diversity, with terpenoids being the dominant group, and isoprene accounting for nearly half of the total biogenic VOCs. Due to its high chemical reactivity, isoprene has a strong impact on atmospheric quality and climate. Quercus (Fagaceae) species are the main isoprene emitters in the Northern Hemisphere. However, isoprene synthase has not been identified in the entire Fagaceae family. Even within a single genus such as Quercus, both isoprene-emitting and non-emitting species coexist, yet the molecular basis of this dichotomy remains unclear. Here, we report the identification of the IspS gene from the isoprene-emitting species Quercus serrata (QsIspS1) through seasonal transcriptome analysis and detailed biochemical characterization of the gene product. We also identified two genes with high sequence similarity to QsIspS1 in the genomes of non-emitting species: Q. glauca (QgIspS1-like) and Lithocarpus edulis (LeIspS1-like). We discovered mutations in these sequences that likely impair their function. Biochemical analysis revealed that QgIspS1-like is a monoterpene synthase, whereas LeIspS1-like is a pseudogene incapable of isoprene synthesis, explaining these plants' inability to emit isoprene. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis revealed an amino acid that plays a pivotal role in the substrate and product specificities of isoprene synthase. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying isoprene emission diversity in Fagaceae.
In compulsory psychiatric care and forensic psychiatric care, supportive functions with independent roles have been instituted to uphold patient rights, preserve self-determination and personal integrity, work toward recovery and fulfill the obligation to ensure that individuals remain at the center of decision making. In Sweden, independent support persons (ISP) provide personal support and companionship to patients during and shortly after involuntary care. Knowledge about the ISPs experiences of the role is needed to expand and further develop the ISP role. This study aimed to illuminate ISPs experiences of their role regarding patients treated in compulsory psychiatric care and forensic psychiatric care. The study used a qualitative design with semi structured interviews and inductive qualitative content analysis. Nine ISPs participated. ISPs experiences were reflected in the main theme Managing boundaries in a borderland, interpreted through the themes Balancing personal and professional approaches, Serving as social support and Being in the hands of staff. Findings highlights the important role of ISPs in mental health recovery through supportive, friendship-like relationships that promote reciprocity. ISPs help bridge social gaps, especially for those lacking networks. However, misunderstandings about their role can limit their impact.
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the overall prevalence of caries in teeth adjacent to implant-supported protheses (ISPs). Secondary objectives were to determine how different implant restoration placement options (direct to implant, intermediate abutment, or Ti-Base) and/or ISP location influence the occurrence of caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was performed at the University Clinic of King Juan Carlos University (URJC, Madrid, Spain), between January 2018 and December 2023, following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both single crowns and fixed partial dentures supported by implants were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the relevant variables. Associations between different groups (direct to implant, Ti-base, and intermediate abutment) were analyzed. RESULTS: The study evaluated 445 implant-supported protheses in 359 patients. The overall prevalence of caries in teeth adjacent to ISPs at patient level was 8.9% (95% CI: 5.95% to 11.84%) and 8.1% (95% CI: 5.56% to 10.63%) at prothesis level. Prevalence was higher in the molar region (9.6%; 95% CI: 5.7% to 13.4%), followed by premolar sites (8.6%; 95% CI: 4.2% to 12.9%). The highest prevalence of caries was found in teeth adjacent to ISPs placed direct to implant (11.4%; 95% CI: 7.3% to 15.4%); followed by teeth adjacent to implants restored with Ti-Base (10.5%; 95% CI: 0.0% to 24.2%). Those teeth adjacent to implants restored using intermediate abutments had the lowest prevalence (3.7%; 95% CI: 1% to 6.3%). Statistically significant differences between restoration groups were observed (p = 0.013). Moreover, the odds of caries increased by 3.37 times in teeth adjacent to ISPs placed direct to implant compared with those restored with intermediate abutments. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of caries in teeth adjacent to ISPs is significantly higher in implants restored direct to implant compared with those restored with intermediate abutments. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Selecting the appropriate implant-supported restoration placement option may reduce caries in teeth adjacent to an ISP. Intermediate abutments would appear to reduce the risk of caries compared with direct implant restorations.
Despite Internet Service Providers (ISPs) collects and builds customers' digital traces, very limited evidence exists in the contexts of Iraqi (ISPs) on how such data are utilized for customer experience (CX) enhancements. Data were collected through online structured questionnaire from 319 employees and managers of different (ISPs) in Nineveh Governorate/Iraq. The study used the individual respondent as the unit of analysis and evaluated customer-experience enhancement from the viewpoint of (ISPs). Digital footprint practices and the perceived improvement of (CX) were assessed using a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation tests & simple linear regression were used to analyze the data. However, the results of statistical analysis show that digital footprints can significantly drive service personalization and operational efficiency. However, the results indicate a strong implementation gap between data collection and its fulfillment for enabling customer interactions creating value. This paper concludes with a salient insight; for (ISPs) to use the digital Footprint of their customers and residual data left by these customers towards improving the quality of their offerings, they should embrace an approach that is balanced, evidence-based alongside transparent accounting for privacy concerns that underpins user trust.
This study aimed to explore the combined impact of sarcopenia and physical performance on immune status and prognosis in patients with resectable gastric cancer, and to evaluate the mediating role of immune function. A retrospective cohort of 413 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy was analyzed. Sarcopenia was assessed by skeletal muscle index (SMI) on CT, and physical performance by ECOG score. Patients were stratified into ISPS (Integrated Sarcopenia and Performance Status) high, medium, and low groups. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured preoperatively. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression, and mediation analysis were used to examine survival and immune interactions. Prognostic nomograms were constructed based on independent variables. Lower ISPS scores were significantly associated with reduced CD3+, CD8+, and NK cells. Survival analysis showed that the ISPS-Low group had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS, χ² = 27.36, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, χ² = 31.54, P < 0.001). ISPS and CD8+ T cell levels were independent predictors of both PFS and OS. Mediation analysis indicated that CD8+ T cells partially mediated the effect of ISPS on survival, accounting for approximately 24% of the total effect. Nomograms incorporating ISPS, immune status, TNM stage, and tumor size demonstrated good predictive performance (C-index: 0.732 for PFS, 0.718 for OS). Sarcopenia and poor functional status are linked to impaired immunity and unfavorable outcomes in gastric cancer. Immune status may partially explain this relationship. ISPS may serve as a useful prognostic tool, and integrating physical and immune assessments could improve prognostic evaluation and support personalized perioperative strategies.
Insect sex pheromones (ISPs) can act as baits to trap heterosexual insects, representing a promising biocontrol strategy. However, current industrial production of ISPs relies largely on conventional chemical synthesis, which shows drawbacks, such as low yield and environmental pollution. Fortunately, remarkable progress in metabolic pathway engineering opens the possibility of biomanufacturing ISPs in microbial cell factories, which seems to be superior to chemical synthesis. While previous reviews have summarized pathways and enzymes related to the biosynthesis of ISPs, this review zeroes in on the enzymatic structures and catalytic mechanisms. In particular, we propose a potential pathway and discuss strategies for the heterologous biosynthesis of type-I ISPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a suitable host for expressing enzymes, especially those requiring post-translational modifications. Overall, this review seeks to provide valuable insights for the complete biosynthesis of type-I ISPs.
The effects of insoluble soybean polysaccharides (ISPS) on the formation and physicochemical properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI) gel were studied. As ISPS concentration increased, SPI suspensions showed reduced surface hydrophobicity and zeta-potential and enhanced thermal stability. However, the zeta-potential increased after gel formation. The ISPS decreased the hardness of the 6 % SPI gel, which could be attributed to the fact that ISPS reduced the elasticity of gel network, making the microstructure loose and porous and behaving as a weak gel; however, for the 10 % SPI gel, the ISPS promoted the increase in hardness and exhibited a weaker negative impact on the textural and microstructural properties of SPI gel. Results revealed that ISPS could react with SPI via non-covalent bonds and embedded into the protein network, weakening or strengthening the structure and texture of SPI gel and this impact is related to the mass ratio between these two biopolymers.
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) targets maladaptive beliefs called "stuck points," which are typically assessed using standardized measures (e.g., the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory [PTCI]). This study examined whether changes in person-specific individualized stuck points (ISPs) were associated with reductions in self-reported and clinician-rated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and whether ISPs predicted PTSD severity beyond general stuck points (GSPs) measured using the PTCI. Adults (N = 57) with PTSD received 1-week massed virtual CPT via one of two randomized controlled trials. ISPs were tracked, and ISP belief strengths were rated after every other session and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. Linear mixed-effects models examined associations between ISP changes and self-reported (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) and clinician-rated PTSD (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 [CAPS-5]) symptom reductions, adjusting for baseline depression, gender, age, and treatment condition. Participants showed large reductions in PTSD symptoms from baseline to 1-month follow-up, MPCL-5 reduction = 29.4, d = 2.02; MCAPS-5 reduction = 10.49, d = 0.72. Average ISP belief strength decreased by 50.2% during treatment and up to 1-month follow-up, d = 2.75. Higher numbers of ISPs also predicted reduced PCL-5 scores, p = .021, R2 = .02. However, when controlling for PTCI score, ISPs no longer significantly predicted PTSD symptom change, ps = .352-.534, whereas PTCI scores remained significant predictors, p < .001. ISP reductions were associated with PTSD symptom improvements but did not predict outcomes beyond PTCI-assessed GSPs. Tracking ISPs may still be valuable for tailoring therapy and enhancing patient engagement.
Biofoundries serve as transformative platforms for accelerating the engineering of enzymes and microorganisms toward biomanufacturing. In this study, we developed scalable enzyme engineering workflows tailored for biofoundry applications, focusing on isoprene synthase (IspS) - a critical rate-limiting enzyme in the isoprene biosynthesis. By integrating computational mutation design based on sequence coevolution analysis and laboratory automation, we conducted three rounds of site-directed mutagenesis and screening. Approximately 100 genetic mutants were synthesized per round and these workflows can be easily scaled up to thousands without extensive optimization. Moreover, this approach enabled the rapid identification of IspS variants with up to 4.5-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency and simultaneously enhanced thermostability. Additionally, introducing the engineered IspS into Methylococcus capsulatus Bath improved methane-to-isoprene bioconversion, achieving a titer of 319.6 mg/l. These scalable workflows establish a robust framework for enzyme engineering within biofoundries. This provides a basis for the development of innovative biotechnological advancements.
Heatwaves enhance plant isoprene emissions, but the relative contributions of instantaneous temperature effects on rate-limiting enzymes and longer-term acclimation remain unclear. We explored the controls on isoprene emission by isoprene synthase (IspS) activity and MEP pathway intermediates, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcDP) pool size in Phoenix dactylifera cv. Medjool subjected to a temperature transient: stabilization at 25°C (Phase 1), an increase to 37°C (Phase II), and return to 25°C (Phase III). The rapid temperature rise increased isoprene emission due to immediate effects on IspS activity, followed by sustained increases driven by expanded DMADP and MEcDP pools. Upon cooling (Phase III), isoprene emissions dropped below initial levels due to reduced IspS activity, but recovered as substrate pool sizes increased. Acclimation to elevated temperature was driven by increased DMADP availability, which persisted after cooling, while slower MEcDP acclimation maintained carbon flux toward DMADP. The data indicate that the sustained moderate heat stress inhibits IspS, but increases substrate availability for isoprene synthesis. Thus, beyond the immediate IspS response, longer-term rises in isoprene emissions result from reprogrammed DMADP-consuming reactions, enhancing substrate availability. These findings provide new insight into the regulation of isoprene under thermal stress and underscore the need to integrate both intermediate pool dynamics and IspS activity into predictive models of isoprene emission and deepen our understanding of the MEP pathway's role under fluctuating environmental conditions.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor area induces a brief suppression of voluntary muscle activity in electromyography (EMG), known as the ipsilateral silent period (iSP). The iSP reflects transcallosal inhibitory interaction between motor cortices. However, protocols vary, and systematic studies on how stimulation intensity influences the iSP are lacking. In 100 healthy young adults, we applied line based neuronavigated single-pulse TMS to both primary motor hand areas at 90-230% of resting motor threshold (RMT). iSPs were recorded at each intensity, and summary statistics were calculated for common parameters. A multilevel mixed-effects model identified variables contributing to differences in outcomes. We obtained 197 complete datasets (2116 iSPs). iSP duration and depth increased non-linearly with intensity, while onset remained unchanged. Consistently detectable iSPs (>80% occurrence) were observed at 120% RMT. Variability increased at higher intensities, interacting with pre-stimulation EMG. iSP parameters show a non-linear relationship with intensity, except for onset, with greater variability at higher levels. To minimize variability, we recommend 120-140% RMT. This first systematic evaluation of stimulation intensity on iSPs in the largest cohort to date provides recommendations for future TMS studies.
This paper explores changes in the commissioning, contracting and provision of NHS-funded cataract surgery in England over the last decade, focusing on the growing role of independent sector providers (ISPs). In recent years, there has been a dramatic rise in NHS-funded cataract surgery (from almost 417,000 cases in 2018/19 to about 650,000 in 2023/24) with the ISP share increasing from 22 to 57 per cent. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of over 4.6 million NHS-funded hospital admissions for cataract surgery (2013-2024) and qualitative interviews with senior NHS and ISP stakeholders. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The shift to ISPs was largely unplanned, driven by long NHS waiting lists, favourable payment tariffs, and low barriers to entry for new providers. ISPs' involvement has contributed to reduced waiting times and improved productivity, potentially due to specialised infrastructure and incentive structures. However, concerns exist about contract management, service quality, and value for money. The study highlights the need for improved service commissioning, tariff reform, stronger contractual oversight, and effective monitoring to ensure quality and value. These findings have broader implications for healthcare systems balancing competition, patient choice, and public-private delivery models in elective care.
Defining consequential differences in intestinal epithelial stem cells in healthy humans vs those with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) is essential for the development of much needed therapies to restore the epithelial barrier and maintain its fidelity. We used single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic approaches in matched patient tissues and organoids to investigate epithelial gene expression and function in children with no pathological diagnosis in the lower gastrointestinal tract and healthy adults compared with those with Crohn's disease. We identify an inflammatory secretory progenitor (ISP) cell state present almost exclusively in patients with Crohn's disease compared with healthy subjects. ISPs exhibit gene expression profiles consistent with normal secretory progenitor cells but concomitantly express a suite of distinguishing pro-inflammatory genes. Mechanistically, ISPs exhibit open chromatin at ISP gene loci. Although ISP-specific genes are not expressed in intestinal stem cells, their chromatin is accessible in Crohn's disease stem cells, suggesting that ISP genes are epigenetically poised in stem cells and subsequently transcriptionally activated in ISPs in the presence of inflammatory stimuli. Consistently, Crohn's disease colonoids exhibit sustained ISP gene expression that can be elicited further with pro-inflammatory cytokines or via co-culture with pro-inflammatory macrophages. We have defined differences in the epithelial stem and progenitor compartment of patients with Crohn's disease that suggest aberrant stem cell differentiation and inflammatory gene expression arise and persist during disease.
Plants emit a wide range of volatile organic compounds, among which isoprene is the most abundant and atmospherically influential. Although oak species are major contributors to isoprene emission, there is considerable variation in isoprene emission capacity within the Fagaceae family. To unravel the evolutionary origins of isoprene emission, we investigated the molecular evolution of terpene synthase (TPS) genes across eight species within the Fagaceae. We identified a TPS-b subclade in which potential isoprene synthase (IspS) activity evolved independently in two gene lineages within subgenus Quercus. Ancestral sequence reconstruction revealed that the acquisition of a diagnostic amino acid residue for IspS function arose convergently in these lineages and was subject to positive selection, suggesting adaptive evolution. Ancestral-enzyme assays targeting the gene lineage with high gene expression revealed that the early protein primarily produced monoterpenes from geranyl diphosphate (GPP), whereas their descendants shifted substrate preference to dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), evolving into dedicated isoprene synthases. Our results indicate that IspS activity was not ancestral in Fagaceae, but evolved approximately 56 million years ago within the subgenus Quercus, and has been retained ever since. These findings emphasize the roles of enzyme structural innovation and regulatory shifts in the diversification of volatile terpenoid biosynthesis.
Airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution has long been a major threat to human health worldwide, often ignored, but now coming into focus. Specifically in China, two atmosphere-polluting industrial sectors, coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) and iron-steel plants (ISPs), were taken as examples to decipher and estimate the emission of key toxic components of fine particles (FPs; < 1 μm). In vitro tests revealed ISP-emitted FPs induced 12.4 times higher oxidative stress and 4.4 times higher cytotoxicity on human bronchial epithelial cells than CFPP-emitted FPs. Single-particle ICP time-of-flight MS analysis showed that 60 ± 4 % of the CFPP-emitted metal(loid)-containing FPs were multi-metal(loid)s FPs (mmFPs), mostly Si-rich mmFPs (∼80 %). In contrast, Fe-rich mmFPs dominated the ISP-emitted mmFPs, with their number concentrations 8.5 - 35.6 times higher than those from CFPPs. Random forest model and SHapley Additive exPlanation analysis identified Fe-rich mmFPs (especially Fe-sole fingerprinted FPs) as the top regulator of intracellular oxidative stress, while toxic metal(loid)s associated with Fe-rich mmFPs controlled cytotoxicity. Fe-rich FPs, including Fe-rich mmFPs and Fe-single-metal(loid) FPs, contributed over 30 % of the total toxic potency induced by FPs, exceeding any other chemical component. Based on the latest available emission data of PMs in 2019, Fe-rich FPs emitted from CFPPs and ISPs in China were estimated to be about 1.7 × 1023 particles (ca. 5217 tons), annually. Among these emissions, ISPs contributed over 97 %, with sintering and ironmaking being the major contributors. Therefore, developing advanced filtration technologies and enhancing the monitoring of ISP emissions is strongly encouraged.
This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between interproximal contact loss (ICL) and peri-implant diseases, determined its prevalence and distribution, and examined relationships with clinical and radiographic variables. Calibrated evaluators examined adult patients with single implant-supported prostheses (ISPs) in non-molar sites. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between ICL and peri-implant diseases, as well as with variables of interest. A total of 262 patients with 323 ISPs were evaluated. Mean follow-up time since implant placement was 11.2±1.5 years. ICL was observed in 43.6% of mesial and 34.6% of distal sites at the implant level (p=0.03), and in 62.6% of participants. Open mesial and distal contacts were associated with increased odds of peri-implantitis (OR=1.648, p=0.045; OR=1.938, p=0.004). Light mesial contacts were also associated with a higher risk of presenting this disease (OR=2.214, p=0.008). Marginal bone loss was associated with light mesial (OR=1.104, p=0.009) and with both open (OR = 1.175, p = 0.008) and light distal contacts (OR = 1.181, p = 0.009). Food impaction was associated with open (OR=10.555, p=0.003), light mesial (OR=12.210, p=0.002), and light distal contacts (OR=5.999, p=0.006). At mesial sites, open contacts were further associated with reduced interproximal soft tissue height and a history of periodontitis (OR=10.641, p=0.036). In conclusion, ICLs are highly prevalent and associated with peri-implantitis, Marginal bone loss, food impaction, reduced papilla height, and a history of periodontitis.
The success of zeolites as catalysts has long been attributed to their high thermal stability and strict shape selectivity flowing from their network of well-defined channels and cages. Synthetic efforts often unjustly disregarded (partially) amorphous intermediate synthetic phases (ISPs), including embryonic zeolite, interzeolite conversion intermediates and mesoporized zeolites, as "failed" and excluded them from further characterization efforts. Recently, this perception has changed and better characterization techniques have led to a deeper understanding of the structure and catalytic potential these materials (may) hold. In this work, we will give a brief overview of the state of the art research being conducted in synthesis, characterization and exploitation of ISPs, as well as clarifying some definitions, hoping to set the stage for future generations of zeolite scientists.
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant soft tissue deformities, including dehiscences (PSTDs) and deficiencies, around bone-level (BL) and tissue-level (TL) implants in the anterior maxilla, assess associated variables, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Adults with implant-supported prostheses (ISPs) in the anterior maxilla were recruited. Clinical and digital assessments were performed, and related variables were analyzed. A total of 205 ISPs in 193 patients were evaluated. Mean follow-up after implant placement was 11.3 ± 1.4 years. PSTD prevalence was comparable between BL and TL implants (88.8% vs. 94.4%; p = 0.19), or when PSTD ≥ 1 mm (23.9% vs. 22.5%; p = 0.97). Similarly, 99.25% and 100% of BL and TL showed deformities, p = 1.00. Prevalence of prosthetic interface/abutment (12.7% vs. 2.5%) and implant shoulder exposure (4.2% vs. 0%), and overcontoured ISP (35.2% vs. 12.7%) was significantly higher in TL implants (p < 0.01). Greater papilla dimensions and lower volume deficiency (90.3% vs. 98.6%; p < 0.01) were observed around BL implants, while mucosal discoloration was similar between groups (16.4% vs. 15.5%; p > 0.05). Greater PSTD depth was associated with older age, reduced keratinized mucosa width (< 2 mm), wider implant diameter, prosthetic overcontouring, lower mucosal volume, and papilla deficiencies (p < 0.05). Wider prosthetic emergence angles were associated with reduced papilla dimensions (p < 0.05). Thin mucosa (< 2 mm) was associated with grayish mucosal discoloration (OR = 2.79). Despite these findings, OHIP-14 scores were low, and PROs were high, with no significant differences between groups. Prevalence of peri-implant soft tissue deformities in the anterior maxilla is high irrespective of implant type and is associated with age, soft tissue phenotype, mucosal volume, papilla deficiencies, wider implant diameters, and prosthetic overcontouring. However, this does not seem to have a measurable impact on patient perception.