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This study aimed to develop and preliminarily validate the Nutrition Impact Symptom-Esophageal Cancer scale (NIS-EC) and evaluate its clinical use for individualized postoperative nutritional nursing. This two-stage study included scale development/preliminary psychometric evaluation, followed by clinical application. In stage I, items were generated from a literature review, the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, two rounds of Delphi consultation, and pilot testing. Thirty clinically stable patients with esophageal cancer completed the NIS-EC for item analysis, reliability testing, validity assessment, and 14 &#xb1; 2 day retesting. In stage II, an unblinded single-arm phase II supportive-care study with a non-concurrent historical-control comparison was conducted among 107 patients after radical surgery for esophageal cancer. Fifty-seven patients received NIS-EC-guided individualized nutritional nursing, whereas 50 historical controls received routine postoperative nutritional nursing. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks. The final NIS-EC contained 22 items in three domains: digestive tract symptoms, malaise-related symptoms, and psychological-emotional symptoms. The scale showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.921, split-half reliability of 0.904, and test-retest reliability of 0.913. Content and structural validity were acceptable, and the total score correlated with PG-SGA score (r = 0.784, P < 0.001). At week 4, the intervention group had lower NIS-EC scores, greater improvements in BMI, albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin, higher attainment of protein intake targets, fewer postoperative complications, and a shorter postoperative hospital stay than historical controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the NIS-EC provides preliminary, reliable, and valid symptom profiling in esophageal cancer. NIS-EC-guided nutritional nursing may support postoperative symptom control and nutritional recovery, but multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to validate these findings.

To evaluate the effectiveness of Tofersen in patients with superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1-ALS) patients in France in a real-world setting, using disease progression within patient comparisons and with a historical cohort. Patients with SOD1-ALS were included from across 19 French FILSLAN network centers. Baseline was defined as the treatment initiation date. Main endpoints were the ALSFRS-R progression rate and plasmatic neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels at baseline and 12 months after baseline. In the Tofersen Cohort (N=46), within-group comparisons showed that the mean ALS functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R) progression rate slowed from 0.53 &#xb1; 0.5 at baseline to 0.22 &#xb1; 0.3 point/month at 12 months (P=.006). NfL levels significantly decreased from 89.0 &#xb1; 9.0 pg/ml at baseline to 29.2 &#xb1; 19.5.5 at 12 months (P=.004). Exploratory comparisons with a propensity score (PS) matched historical cohort (39 matched pairs) using a mixed-effects model, ALSFRS-R progression rate at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after baseline, showed no statistically significant differences between groups P=.30, whereas longitudinal ALSFRS-R scores differed significantly between groups (time-treatment interaction P=.006). The mean survival of the PS matched population was longer in the Tofersen Cohort (42.6 months) than the Historical Cohort (31.8 months) P=.004. Time-dependent adjusted cox analysis showed that Tofersen was associated with a reduction in mortality risk (adjusted HR=0.34; 95% CI, 0.12-0.91; P=.03). Tofersen seems to be associated with slower functional decline and reduced NfL levels. While limitations of retrospective design and ALSFRS-R sensitivity must be acknowledged, these findings provide real-world evidence suggesting a clinical benefit of Tofersen.

This article challenges the dominant interpretation of early twentieth-century vibrators as inherently sexual objects. Rather than reading vibrators retrospectively through the lens of the modern sex toy industry, it examines hand-cranked and early electric devices from the perspective of design, use, and medical context. Drawing on artifacts, manuals, advertisements, and medical literature from Britain and the United States, the article argues that early vibrators were shaped primarily by therapeutic and cosmetic practices linked to massage medicine, gynecological therapy, and orificial philosophy. Attachments later interpreted as "phallic" or sexually suggestive emerged from clinical assumptions about circulation, nerve stimulation, and rectal or vaginal treatment rather than from explicit erotic design. By foregrounding design logic over retrospective meaning, the article reframes the vibrator as a medical and consumer technology whose sexual associations developed historically rather than existing from the outset. In doing so, it argues for a more historically grounded approach to technologies whose meanings shifted over time.

While online learning offers flexibility and expanded access to educational resources, concerns remain regarding its ability to support the complex conceptual understanding required in physiology education. We compared academic performance and preferences for teaching modality among undergraduate health professions students at University of Rwanda (UR). A cross-sectional comparative study using historical cohorts was conducted among undergraduate students enrolled in Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Clinical Psychology programmes at UR. Academic performance data from students who completed physiology modules during online teaching (2020-2021) were compared with those from students who completed equivalent modules during face-to-face teaching (2022 onward). Mean Assessment Scores (MAS) obtained from official academic records were analysed using factorial analysis of covariance, adjusting for sex and programme. Student preferences regarding teaching modality were assessed using a structured questionnaire and analysed using logistic regression models. A total of 528 students participated in the preference survey, while 516 students were included in MAS analysis. Overall, teaching modality was not significantly associated with MAS after adjustment for sex and programme (p=0.349). However, a significant interaction between teaching modality and academic programme was observed (p<0.001). Online teaching was associated with higher adjusted scores among medical students, whereas face-to-face teaching was associated with higher adjusted scores among dental students. No significant difference was observed among pharmacy students. Most students preferred face-to-face teaching, although preferences varied across programmes. Academic performance in physiology did not differ substantially across teaching modalities after adjustment for programme and sex. However, the association between teaching modality and performance varied across academic programmes, suggesting that programme context may influence how students benefit from different instructional approaches. Most students preferred face-to-face learning despite comparable overall academic outcomes. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because the comparison involved non-contemporaneous historical cohorts exposed to different educational, assessment, and contextual conditions.

To critically appraise the methodological quality and historical evolution of prognostic models for periodontitis. A systematic search was conducted in three databases. Eligible studies were classified as conceptual tools, category-based tools and data-driven models. Category-based and data-driven models were evaluated with PROBAST. Risk of bias (ROB) was compared across four domains: Participants, Predictors, Outcome and Analysis. Twenty-seven studies were included. Prognostic methods evolved from qualitative risk categories and expert-based classifications towards quantitative, individualised probability estimates generated through multivariable statistical and machine-learning models, alongside progressive improvements in outcome definition, prediction time and risk expression formats. Conceptual tools were not evaluable under PROBAST due to the absence of empirical data. Category-based tools showed limitations in predictor handling and validation rather than bias per se. Data-driven models demonstrated progressive refinement: earlier studies lacked consistent validation, whereas recent models more frequently report internal validation, calibration metrics and external validation. However, all studies except one were classified as high ROB. Domain-level assessment showed strengths in the Participants domain but persistent limitations in the Analysis domain. Methodological improvements after TRIPOD were modest. Prognostic models reflect distinct methodological profiles across design type. Conceptual and category-based frameworks remain clinically relevant historically, while data-driven models represent the contemporary standard but retain important methodological gaps. PROSPERO number: CRD42024525505.

The recommended duration of antibiotic prophylaxis in scheduled endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) varies greatly across international guidelines. Increasing antibiotic resistance makes a rational use of antibiotics urgently necessary. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of an antibiotic single shot prophylaxis on the rate of postinterventional cholangitis, the antibiotic exposure and potential risk factors for cholangitis in this cohort. A registry-based, non-interventional cohort study was conducted to investigate the effect of a newly introduced standard operating procedure (SOP) with a periinterventional single dose prophylaxis (SOP cohort, n=80 procedures) compared to a historical cohort (n=100 procedures) receiving a multi-day regimen. Tokyo guidelines from 2018 were adapted for diagnosis and severity grading of cholangitis. The duration of the periinterventional antibiotic therapy differed significantly between cohorts, with a median of 0.33 days in the SOP cohort and 3.50 days in the historical cohort (p<0.001), whereas no significant difference in the rate of post-ERCP cholangitis between the cohorts was found, even in procedures with dilation. When cholangitis severity was dichotomized into Grade I vs. Grade II + III, the SOP cohort showed a significantly higher proprotion of moderate to severe cholangits (45.5% vs. 9.1%, p<0.001. Identified significant risk factors (in univariate analysis) for a post-ERCP cholangitis were the presence of a traditional dominant stricture (TDS), and the subsequent performance of a dilation during ERCP (OR 3.360, p=0.034, and OR 3.356, p=0.033, respectively). In our study in patients with PSC, the antibiotic single shot prophylaxis in scheduled ERCPs was not associated with an higher rate of postinterventional cholangitis, but an increase cholangitis grade compared to a multi-day regimen, indicating a potential comparable effectiveness in preventing postinterventional cholangitis.

The COVID-19 pandemic may serve as a natural experiment, with pandemic-associated changes in the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) potentially informing understanding of KD pathogenesis. To assess long-term KD incidence across 50 years and to examine pandemic-associated changes in KD epidemiology across age groups. This cohort study was a descriptive epidemiologic analysis of data from the Japanese Nationwide Survey of Kawasaki Disease conducted from 2023 to 2024, along with 50 years of historical data. Data were included from patients with KD in the current 2023-2024 survey (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;29&#x202f;841) and historical and current survey data from 1975 through 2024 (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;467&#x202f;456) for trend analysis. Annual KD incidence overall and stratified by 3 age groups: infants (<1 year), 1 to 4 years, and 5 to 9 years. The current survey registered 15&#x202f;032 and 14&#x202f;809 patients with KD in 2023 and 2024, respectively (overall, 57.3% male; median [IQR] age, 2 [1-4] years). Across the 50-year study period, despite the population under 5 years of age declining in Japan by 61.6%, KD incidence rates increased 16.1-fold. Across the COVID-19 pandemic period, patient numbers reached a nadir of 10&#x202f;333 in 2022, then rebounded to 15&#x202f;032 cases (45.5% increase) in 2023. Notably, decline and rebound patterns differed by age. Indexed incidence rates (using 2017 as a baseline of 100) demonstrated that patients 5 to 9 years of age had the largest decline (nadir of 54.2 in 2021, 45.8% below baseline) and the largest rebound (134.8 in 2024, 34.8% above baseline). In contrast, patients younger than 1 year showed the smallest decline (nadir of 73) and incidence rates did not return to baseline levels. When comparing the magnitude of rebound in KD incidence, a distinct age-dependent dose-response pattern was observed: 26.1% for infants, 38.9% for patients aged 1 year, 42.7% for patients aged 2 years, 85.8% for patients aged 3 years, 105.3% for patients aged 4 years, and 166.7% for patients aged 5 to 9 years. In this nationwide cohort study of KD in Japan, KD incidence rebounded after the relaxation of COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions, with age-dependent patterns. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (eg, mask-wearing) during the pandemic may explain the greater rebound pattern observed in older children; however, the minimal changes in infants suggest different exposure pathways to potential KD triggers. These findings support an age-stratified approach to KD pathogenesis research, distinguishing infants from older children.

Adverse historical conditions shape biodiversity by driving demographic shifts and genomic divergence through evolutionary mechanisms. Selective pressures foster adaptive strategies in response to extreme environments, with hibernation as a key example. The expression of torpor and its various forms exemplify such adaptations. However, the genomic basis of these processes and the influence of evolutionary forces, particularly natural selection, remain largely unexplored. The Monito del Monte (Dromiciops), a small marsupial considered a living fossil, exhibits torpor, hibernation, and aestivation as key survival strategies. In this study, we investigated genomic adaptations in Dromiciops and their potential relationship with the physiological state of torpor and hibernation. Historical climate change, along with varying expansions and bottlenecks, appears to have shaped the genetic diversity and local adaptation of Dromiciops. At the ancestral Dromiciops node, positive selection was detected in PFKFB2, LAMP3, OTX1, and RAPSN, alongside enrichment in the MAPK signaling and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways-both previously implicated in hibernation physiology. Gene family expansions further converged on mitochondrial maintenance and redox regulation. At the species level, D. gliroides and D. bozinovici show no overlap in positively selected genes: D.&#xa0;gliroides presents additional signals in LSS and RASL11B, related to sterol and stress-response metabolism, while D. bozinovici shows signatures of broad thermal stress tolerance through HSPA2. These findings underscore unique adaptations possibly linked to hibernation in Dromiciops and species-specific differences.

Reproductive labor, essential to social and biological maintenance, has historically been performed by women, often under conditions of social vulnerability and without formal recognition. This scoping review aimed to map the international scientific literature on paid and unpaid domestic work performed by adult and older women in contexts marked by devaluation and cumulative chronic stress, manifested in health disparities. The review followed PRISMA-ScR and JBI guidelines and included articles indexed in PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science, with no time restrictions. After screening 2,122 records, 41 studies were included. The findings reveal that domestic work, particularly for migrant women, serves as a critical space in which gender, class, and racial inequalities are reproduced. Most of the reviewed studies were carried out in China, Singapore, and the United States and were based mainly on qualitative or mixed-methods designs. Major themes included migration and the physical and mental health impacts of domestic work. The literature shows high prevalence of psychological distress, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and symbolic and physical violence, all worsened by informality and lack of legal protection. Workers' bodies and subjectivities emerge as terrains where structural inequalities are inscribed, making visible the "colonization of subjectivity" as an effect of precarization. Domestic work must be understood not only as an economic activity but also as a social, relational, and neurobiological phenomenon. These factors underscore the consequences of such working conditions for the health of marginalized populations. Moreover, the mapping highlights the urgent need for public policies that integrate social protection, economic recognition, and health care for these workers.

Interpretable dynamic models that remain physically admissible under extrapolation are essential for dermal formulation optimisation. Mechanistic models are often labour-intensive to derive, whereas unconstrained data-driven models may violate physical constraints and degrade beyond observed conditions. We developed a domain knowledge constrained symbolic regression (DKC-SR) framework to discover compact, interpretable dynamic models for cumulative release directly from time-series experiments. Domain knowledge was embedded through a restricted operator set and feasibility constraints over the bounded optimisation domain. Candidate expressions were evaluated by numerically solving the dynamic differential equations and selected using an information-criterion trade-off across a level-wise set of complexity-controlled models. The final surrogate was coupled with the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy for formulation optimisation. In an ibuprofen formulation case study, the selected model provided a formulation ranking that, combined with experimental validation, guided the optimiser to a narrow high-performing region; a representative optimum was experimentally confirmed to exceed the historical best. Although the surrogate was more reliable for ranking and optimisation guidance than for exact quantitative calibration, it remained physically admissible and numerically stable across the design space. DKC-SR provides a compact, interpretable, and optimisation-ready route to modelling dermal release under bounded design constraints.

Glomerulonephritis (GN) remains a significant cause of kidney-related morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite advances in acute renal care in India, the national epidemiological trajectory and future burden of GN have not been comprehensively characterized. This study utilized Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 data to estimate incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to GN in India from 1990 to 2023. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated per 100,000 population. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) from log-linear regression models. Future projections to 2040 were modeled using historical EAPC and population forecasts from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. From 1990 to 2023, India achieved a 75% reduction in age-standardized death rates (0.091-0.023 per 100,000; EAPC -4.42%, p < 0.001), while incidence remained stable (3.09 per 100,000; EAPC -0.05%, p = 0.123). DALYs declined 77% (2.49-0.58 per 100,000), driven by YLLs rather than disability (YLDs). Males experienced a 1.5-fold higher burden across all metrics. Marked geographic disparities emerged, with eastern states (Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Bihar) demonstrating 2-4-fold higher mortality than the national average despite similar incidence. By 2040, age-standardized death rates are projected to decline 52% further, but absolute incident cases will increase 18% (41,200-48,720) due to population growth. India has achieved major reductions in GN mortality, yet stable incidence and persistent disability indicate that primary prevention and early detection remain inadequate. Without policy intervention, rising case numbers will place increasing demand on renal services. GN should be prioritized within national and subnational kidney health strategies as a sentinel indicator of health system preparedness in LMICs.

The 2022 transition of United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 from numeric to pass/fail scoring represents a fundamental shift in neurosurgery residency applicant selection. Historically, Step 1 scores served as a key objective metric. With numeric scores no longer available, programs may place greater emphasis on alternative metrics. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first that aimed to evaluate how predictors of neurosurgery match outcomes have shifted before and after Step 1 became pass/fail. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of neurosurgery residency applicant data from pre-pass/fail (Step 1 numeric) and post-pass/fail eras. Data were used from the 2023 and 2024 application cycles. Variables included demographics, USMLE Step 2 clinical knowledge (CK) scores, Step 1 pass status, research output variables, dedicated research years, postgraduate training after medical school graduation, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) membership, home institution status, and other academic metrics. Descriptive statistics were compared for matched and unmatched applicants within each era. Independent predictors of match success were identified through multivariable logistic regression analysis. In the pre-pass/fail era, matched applicants had higher Step 2 CK scores and more review article, neurosurgery-specific, neurosurgery-specific first-author, and total publications than unmatched applicants (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001 for all). Independent predictors of match success included Step 2 CK score and review article productivity. Research year and postgraduate training were negative predictors. In the post-pass/fail era, Step 2 CK, home institution, AOA membership, research year, neurosurgery-specific publications, and basic science publications were significant positive predictors. Review articles no longer predicted match success. The transition to pass/fail Step 1 has shifted the emphasis of neurosurgery residency applicant selection from general research productivity and review articles toward specialty-specific scholarship, home institution affiliation, AOA membership, and dedicated research experience. Step 2 CK has remained a consistent predictor across eras.

Global climate change disproportionately threatens island endemics because their restricted ranges and limited dispersal opportunities constrain their ability to shift their distributions. Therefore, when developing conservation strategies for species, it is crucial to incorporate population genomics data with ecological information to evaluate resilience and forecast vulnerability. However, genomic case studies that explicitly link these factors in island endemics remain scarce. Here, we examine population genetic differentiation of the Formosan Duke (Euthalia formosana), an endemic butterfly in Taiwan, to evaluate its potential vulnerabilities under future climate conditions. Our results reveal that the combined effects of topographic barriers, historical connectivity, and climatic heterogeneity can drive rapid diversification, even in species with strong flight ability. The Central Mountain Range has shaped pronounced genetic structure, separating eastern and western lineages, with diversification stronger in the western lineage. This within-island diversification appears to be shaped by environmental gradients, enhancing persistence in local habitats while reducing a lineage's niche breadth and resulting in different lineage-specific climate vulnerability. Thus, we suggest that genomic approaches should be included to assess environmental constraints and to guide conservation planning on the persistence of lowland endemics such as the Formosan Duke. This framework also integrates the concepts of habitat restoration with lineage-specific connectivity to enhance the species' genetic resilience while preserving its capacity for local adaptation. Moreover, this study provides an evidence-based framework for insular biodiversity conservation under accelerating climate change.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is driven by inappropriate antibiotic use. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and dispensing practices (KAP) regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among primary healthcare (PHC) pharmacists and assistant pharmacists in Oman. Furthermore, the study sought to compare these parameters across facilities with historically high versus standard antibiotic consumption to identify structural determinants of AMS. This national cross-sectional study was conducted among PHC pharmacy staff in February 2025. KAP were assessed via a structured electronic questionnaire. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equation models to identify KAP predictors while accounting for facility-level clustering. A total of 333 PHC pharmacy staff were included in this study. Overall, 72.1% of participants had adequate knowledge and 78.7% showed favourable attitudes; however, only 56.2% demonstrated good practice. Knowledge was adequate in only 20.8% of staff at high-consumption centres compared to 76.1% at standard centres (P <0.001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that working in a high-consumption centre was strongly associated with reduced odds of adequate knowledge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.08, 95% confidence interval: 0.05-0.14). While prior AMR training improved the odds of good practice (aOR = 2.04), this benefit was significantly diminished in high-consumption settings (interaction P = 0.030). Although Omani PHC pharmacy staff exhibit positive attitudes, significant knowledge gaps and practical barriers exist, particularly in high-consumption facilities. Interventions must move beyond generic training to include system-level strategies, such as integrating AMS tools within electronic health records, to address structural challenges in high-risk settings.

Dysphagia is a prevalent disorder that compromises the safety and efficiency of swallowing, increasing the risk of complications such as aspiration, malnutrition, and dehydration. Swallowing is a complex process involving both motor and sensory mechanisms, with sensory input playing a crucial role in bolus perception and control. In this context, modifying food texture and liquid viscosity has become a key strategy to promote safe oral intake. In addition, the experience of eating is related to the sensory perception of food, including characteristics such as taste, aroma, texture, and temperature, which influence the acceptance, enjoyment, and effectiveness of the eating process. Historically, the lack of standardized terminology has hindered clinical practice and communication among professionals, the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) framework was developed to address this gap, providing an internationally standardized system with defined levels to classify food textures and liquid consistencies. The framework includes simple, practical testing methods suitable for clinical use. Implementation of IDDSI has been associated with improved consistency in dietary adaptations and enhanced interdisciplinary communication, however, its effectiveness relies on adequate professional training, teamwork, and institutional support. IDDSI is a support tool that does not replace screenign, clinical assessment or individualized management of patients with dysphagia.

Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), commonly known as the horn fly, is one of the most economically significant ectoparasites of cattle worldwide, causing substantial losses in meat, milk, and hide production. Its management has historically relied on broad-spectrum insecticides, whose overuse has driven the emergence of resistant populations and raised environmental concerns, emphasizing the urgent need to alternative, ecofriendly control strategies. A key yet underexplored aspect of horn fly biology is behind one of its characteristic behaviors, oviposition behavior: gravid females deposit eggs almost exclusively in very fresh cattle dung, a preference that diminishes rapidly with time post-defecation. Although volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from dung are known to mediate this behavior, the biological origin of these chemical cues remains poorly characterized. This review proposes that microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) produced by the cattle dung microbiota-particularly anaerobic bacteria derived from the bovine rumen-are major elicitors of horn fly oviposition behavior, constituting a transkingdom chemical signaling system. By systematically cross-referencing VOCs reported in fresh cattle dung with compounds known to elicit electrophysiological and behavioral responses in H. irritans, we identified four key semiochemicals of probable microbial origin: phenol, p-cresol, indole, and &#x3b1;-pinene, produced by bacterial families including Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Paenibacillaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. The temporal decline in dung attractiveness is proposed to reflect the succession of the microbial community from anaerobic to aerobic dominance, with a concomitant shift in the mVOC profile. This hypothesis is further supported by the observation that the early developmental stages of H. irritans harbor an anaerobe-dominated microbiota. This framework may provide opportunities for the development of environmentally friendly blends for horn fly management.

Aging is a universal experience, yet public health systems have historically approached it as a specialized issue rather than a population-wide priority. As the proportion of older adults increases, particularly in states like Delaware, the implications for health systems, infrastructure, and community design are profound. This commentary examines the 2024 National Plan on Aging and its relevance to Delaware's rapidly aging population. With more than one in five residents already age 65 or older and continued growth projected over the next decade, Delaware faces both challenges and opportunities. This paper argues for a multisector public health framework that integrates health care, housing, transportation, and community systems.

To investigate temporal and spatial trends in childhood myopia in Taiwan and to evaluate the roles of urbanization, digitalization, and outdoor activity policies by comparing three population-based cohorts. Grade 2 students from three cross-sectional groups were included: Taipei 2013 (n = 11,590), Taipei 2023 (n = 6,350), and Yilan 2023 (n = 804). Cycloplegic autorefraction was used to assess refractive status. Parents completed questionnaires on sociodemographic and behavioral factors. The prevalence of myopia increased from 36.36% in 2013 to 39.39% in 2023 in Taipei, while remaining lower in Yilan (24.00%). Over the past decade, digital device use increased (86.76% vs. 92.83%; P < 0.001) and outdoor activity time also improved (&#x2265;1 h/day on weekdays: 15.81% vs. 33.13%, P < 0.001; &#x2265;2 h/day on weekends: 27.14% vs. 31.36%, P = 0.374). Children in more urbanized areas had significantly more myopic spherical equivalence values (0.09 &#xb1; 1.22 D in rural area, -0.17 &#xb1; 1.43 D in suburban area, and -0.28 &#xb1; 1.24 D in urban area, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed significant risk factors including greater magnitude of astigmatism (odds ratio [OR] 1.85), living in Taipei (OR 1.82), having myopic parents (1 parent OR 1.30, 2 parents OR 2.35), and reduced weekend outdoor time (OR 1.28). The prevalence of childhood myopia in Taiwan continues to rise, although the rate of increase has slowed compared with historical trends. Educational and environmental factors remain important. Urbanization continues to be a key determinant. Increased outdoor exposure over the past decade remains fundamental to myopia prevention strategies in addressing the childhood myopia burden in Taiwan.

The 21st Chinese Conference on Burns and Wound Repair was successfully held in the historic city of Xi'an from May 28th to 30th, 2026, bringing together over 800 participants from across the country for this academic event. The conference featured one main venue and six parallel thematic sub-forums and invited over 300 renowned experts and scholars from China and abroad to engage in in-depth academic exchanges and intellectual dialogues over three days around key topics such as severe burn care, acute and chronic wound management, scar prevention and treatment, rehabilitation and nursing, and youth innovation. The conference showcased the latest breakthroughs and cutting-edge achievements in burn medicine and wound repair fields in China, enhanced the capabilities and standards in critical injury management, complex wound repair, and comprehensive scar prevention and treatment. The conference thereby effectively promoted the high-quality development of burn care and wound repair in China. 2026&#x5e74;5&#x6708;28&#x2014;30&#x65e5;&#xff0c;&#x7b2c;&#x4e8c;&#x5341;&#x4e00;&#x5c4a;&#x70e7;&#x4f24;&#x4e0e;&#x521b;&#x9762;&#x4fee;&#x590d;&#x5927;&#x4f1a;&#x4e8e;&#x53e4;&#x90fd;&#x897f;&#x5b89;&#x987a;&#x5229;&#x53ec;&#x5f00;&#xff0c;&#x6c47;&#x805a;&#x4e86;&#x5168;&#x56fd;800&#x4f59;&#x540d;&#x4ee3;&#x8868;&#x5171;&#x8944;&#x5b66;&#x672f;&#x76db;&#x4f1a;&#x3002;&#x5927;&#x4f1a;&#x8bbe;&#x7acb;1&#x4e2a;&#x4e3b;&#x4f1a;&#x573a;&#x4e0e;6&#x4e2a;&#x4e13;&#x9898;&#x5206;&#x4f1a;&#x573a;&#xff0c;&#x7279;&#x9080;&#x56fd;&#x5185;&#x5916;300&#x4f59;&#x540d;&#x77e5;&#x540d;&#x4e13;&#x5bb6;&#x5b66;&#x8005;&#xff0c;&#x56f4;&#x7ed5;&#x5371;&#x91cd;&#x70e7;&#x4f24;&#x6551;&#x6cbb;&#x3001;&#x6025;&#x6162;&#x6027;&#x521b;&#x9762;&#x4fee;&#x590d;&#x3001;&#x7622;&#x75d5;&#x9632;&#x6cbb;&#x3001;&#x5eb7;&#x590d;&#x62a4;&#x7406;&#x53ca;&#x9752;&#x5e74;&#x521b;&#x65b0;&#x7b49;&#x6838;&#x5fc3;&#x8bae;&#x9898;&#xff0c;&#x5c55;&#x5f00;&#x4e3a;&#x671f;3&#x5929;&#x7684;&#x6df1;&#x5ea6;&#x4ea4;&#x6d41;&#x4e0e;&#x601d;&#x60f3;&#x78b0;&#x649e;&#x3002;&#x4f1a;&#x8bae;&#x5c55;&#x793a;&#x4e86;&#x6211;&#x56fd;&#x70e7;&#x4f24;&#x533b;&#x5b66;&#x4e0e;&#x521b;&#x9762;&#x4fee;&#x590d;&#x9886;&#x57df;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x65b0;&#x7a81;&#x7834;&#x6027;&#x7814;&#x7a76;&#x6210;&#x679c;&#xff0c;&#x63d0;&#x5347;&#x4e86;&#x6211;&#x56fd;&#x5371;&#x91cd;&#x4f24;&#x6551;&#x6cbb;&#x3001;&#x590d;&#x6742;&#x521b;&#x9762;&#x4fee;&#x590d;&#x53ca;&#x7622;&#x75d5;&#x7efc;&#x5408;&#x9632;&#x6cbb;&#x80fd;&#x529b;&#x4e0e;&#x6c34;&#x5e73;&#xff0c;&#x63a8;&#x52a8;&#x6211;&#x56fd;&#x70e7;&#x4f24;&#x4e0e;&#x521b;&#x9762;&#x4fee;&#x590d;&#x4e8b;&#x4e1a;&#x7684;&#x9ad8;&#x8d28;&#x91cf;&#x53d1;&#x5c55;&#x3002;.