Infants help caregivers and unfamiliar others by their first birthday. Yet, developmental pathways leading to helping are largely unknown. This longitudinal study (6, 10, 14 months) investigated the association of caregiver-child interaction quality, motor development, action anticipation, and caregiver encouragement and modeling with helping (N = 118, 49 female, mostly White, European, data collection 2020-2022). Path models showed that helping the mother was related to motor development and maternal modeling, while helping the experimenter was related to motor development, action anticipation, and maternal interaction quality. This study provides novel evidence for a developmental systems approach to helping, emphasizing that early helping behavior is shaped by the caregiver-child interaction and interwoven with both motor and social development. Infants help others from around their first birthday. For example, they engage in household tasks with their caregiver and they pick up dropped objects for an unfamiliar adult. The current study showed how infants' helping behavior is associated with motoric and social-cognitive skills as well as early interactions with the caregiver. The more motorically developed infants were and the better they understood others' goals, the more they helped others. The more caregivers modeled the required behavior, the more infants helped the caregiver. The study is in line with the theoretical proposal that infants come to help others by engaging in interactive routines with their caregiver, which are influenced by their motoric skills.
In April 2024, two cases of hepatitis A (HA) were linked to the consumption of oysters produced in the same region, which triggered a multidisciplinary study. A network was quickly set up in a one-health approach including epidemiological and clinical data, as well as analysis of locally collected shellfish and wastewater samples. By the end of the outbreak, up to 17 HA cases met the case definition: all shared a same genotype IA strain and have eaten oysters. The prompt response enabled the identification of oyster samples positive for the HAV genome at the start of the monitoring period; these oyster samples subsequently tested negative during the following two months of the sampling campaign. Monitoring three nearby wastewater treatment plants revealed that the contamination was limited to a single area, allowing for more effective monitoring of shellfish. None of the identified cases lived in the area served by the treatment plant, and no clinical cases were detected among the local population, either before or after the outbreak. The decline of HAV concentration in sewage signed the end of the outbreak. While predicting contamination of shellfish growing areas is complicated, sewage surveillance can help establishing an alert system to prevent shellfish contamination, which is an important issue for silent diseases.
Since the first edition in November 2011 initiated by ICRP, 25 Fukushima dialogue meetings have been held in 12 different municipalities of the Fukushima Prefecture. Based on the Belarus experience in the 1990s and 2000s as part of the rehabilitation of living conditions in the territories contaminated by the Chernobyl accident, the dialogue meetings are offering a fair and transparent forum to share concerns, values and opinions in mutual respect and equal opportunity not only between local residents, but also with experts, government officials, and people from various groups and organisations from Japan and abroad. The Fukushima Dialogue clearly underlined that beyond the fear of radiation, the challenge after a nuclear accident is to empower the affected people to allow them to gradually acquire a practical culture of radiation protection helping them to regain their dignity and project themselves again into the future. The dialogue meetings emphasised that technical risk communication, however precise and substantiated it may be, is not sufficient to address the questions and concerns of those affected by the accident in a context of distrust.
Background: Isolated Generalized Dystonia (IGD) severely reduces quality of life. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is effective for refractory IGD, but the factors influencing efficacy remain unclear. Methods: Twelve IGD patients treated with bilateral STN-DBS (2016-2021) were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical outcomes (BFMDRS, HAMA, HAMD, MOCA, MMSE) were evaluated at baseline and the last follow-up (12-60 months). The electrode position and volume of tissue activated (VTA) in STN subregions were analyzed using Lead-DBS V3.0. Results: STN-DBS significantly improved BFMDRS-M and BFMDRS-D scores (p < 0.001) without cognitive or mood deterioration. BFMDRS-M improvement correlated positively with the VTA of the whole STN and motor subregion (p < 0.05) but not with associative/limbic subregions. The preoperative HAMD score was negatively associated with motor improvement (p = 0.002). Conclusions: STN-DBS safely improves motor function in IGD. Efficacy depends on the VTA within the STN sensorimotor subregion. The preoperative HAMD score may predict the long-term outcome, helping guide patient selection and surgical planning.
Iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxides are the major sink for PO43- in freshwater sediments, helping to control the onset of eutrophic conditions when PO43- is in excess; however, this sink is transient as ferrous iron and PO43- are typically released when sediments become anoxic, triggering a self-sustaining reversible cycle as sediments become an internal source of phosphate. Ferrous iron can then react with dissolved sulfides to form iron sulfide minerals such as mackinawite (FeS), whose interactions with PO43- remain largely unexplored. We investigate the role of FeS in the sequestration of PO43- under anoxic conditions, with or without natural organic carbon (OC). We show that Fes has a high affinity for PO43-, with a maximum sorption capacity comparable to moderately crystalline FeOx minerals. The presence of sorbed OC decreases the FeS affinity toward the PO43- by ~ 75%, which is attributed to the lower surface area of FeS-OC compared to FeS, electrostatic repulsion, and the reduced accessibility to reactive Fe(II) sites. Moreover, we show that upon exposure of FeS to oxic conditions, PO43- is efficiently recaptured by the FeS oxidation products (FeOx), hence highlighting a parallel self-sustaining reversible cycle resulting in the permanent sequestration of a small fraction of PO43-. Overall, these findings highlight FeS as a potentially important phosphate sink in anoxic freshwater sediments.
In the current global context, as society continues to evolve, the increasing demand for healthcare services poses significant challenges to the quality of care. Patient experience is regarded as a crucial factor that not only enhances individual satisfaction but also directly impacts the performance of the healthcare system. Prioritizing patient experience is key to the success and sustainability of an organization, helping to establish and maintain a competitive advantage. This study is to evaluate the proportion of patients with a positive experience and the factors associated with patient experience during inpatient treatment. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 347 inpatients at the University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from March to May 2024. Data were collected through direct interviews with participants using the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) questionnaire to evaluate patient experience. Among the 347 patients participating in the study, aged between 35 and 55 years, 83.6% reported having a positive experience, while 16.4% reported a negative experience during their inpatient treatment. Factors such as nursing, doctor, hospital environment, timely hygiene, and medication information were highly rated, with the overall experience ranging from 88.9% to 99.7%. Educational level, emergency admission, and length of hospital stay were statistically significant factors associated with patients' experiences. Our study emphasizes the critical importance of healthcare quality and patient satisfaction by evaluating their experiences during treatment. The attentiveness of healthcare staff and the hospital environment are also significant factors that contribute to enhancing the patient experience. This highlights the need for continuous improvement in the measures implemented to maintain and elevate the quality of healthcare services.
To provide a comprehensive summary of a decade (2014-2025) of high-quality research from Q1-Q3 journals on formulation development and improved drug-delivery methods for vulvovaginal candidiasis, addressing the limits of conventional antifungal therapy. A detailed narrative review was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Wiley, Frontiers, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar. To maintain scientific rigor, only the most relevant Q1-Q3 indexed publications were included. Studies published in the last eleven years have been evaluated for their relevance to vaginal drug delivery systems and anti-fungal formulations. Data were systematically retrieved and described in text and tables, with 203 formulation techniques given, including nanoparticles, vesicular carriers, mucoadhesive systems, thermosensitive gels, electrospun nanofibers, microneedles, and three-dimensional printed dosage forms. The key outcomes examined were vaginal retention, drug release behavior, mucosal penetration, antibiofilm activity, and antifungal efficacy. In comparison to conventional formulations, advanced drug-delivery systems displayed longer vaginal residence time, sustained drug release, and improved tissue penetration. Nanoparticle-based and mucoadhesive systems demonstrated increased antifungal effectiveness against both microbial and biofilm-associated Candida species, with absolute fungal clearance improvements ranging from 25 to 45% in preclinical applications. This review combines eleven years of formulation research, minimizing the need for readers to sift over fragmented literature. Major limitations included study design variability and a lack of long-term clinical data. This 11-year synthesis identifies improved drug-delivery technologies as promising patient-centered solutions for overcoming resistance, recurrence, and poor drug retention in VVC treatment. These drug delivery systems constitute an important step toward next-generation antifungal therapy and better clinical outcomes. This review summarizes 11 years of research on new drug delivery systems for vaginal yeast infections. Advanced formulations improve vaginal retention, enable controlled drug release, and show better antifungal performance than conventional treatments, helping reduce recurrence and resistance.
Fever is a hallmark of malaria. Several studies have linked febrile temperatures to reduced parasite viability, but also to increased cytoadhesion, a key driver of pathology. However, different mechanisms have been proposed to cause changes in cytoadhesion and parasite sensitivity to heat. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) to physiologically relevant febrile heat stress (39 °C), derived from patient data, enhances cytoadhesion through increased trafficking of the major virulence factor PfEMP1 to the iRBC surface. This phenomenon is not limited to PfEMP1 and common laboratory strains, as it extends to the surface nutrient channel PSAC in four clinical isolates of diverse geographic origin. The increased surface protein display occurs without changes in overall protein expression or parasite developmental progression. Using phosphoproteomics and proximity labelling, we find that elevated temperature also increases trafficking and phosphorylation of exported proteins into the RBC. Enhanced export is likely reliant on the presence of a transmembrane domain as shown by NanoLuc reporter assays. Collectively, our results indicate that febrile temperatures commonly experienced during infection can accelerate protein export, likely at the parasitophorous vacuole. This enhanced export following heat stress is relevant because increased cytoadhesion could influence disease severity through earlier iRBC sequestration and elevated bound parasite mass. A fever usually indicates that the body is fighting an infection. In malaria, parasites infect red blood cells, and high temperature is a common symptom. Fever may slow parasite growth, but it may also increase levels of a parasite protein called PfEMP1 on the surface of infected cells. PfEMP1 makes these cells sticky, helping them attach to blood vessel walls and avoid removal by the spleen. This adhesion can worsen disease by blocking small blood vessels, including those in the brain. If the fever increases this stickiness, it could worsen symptoms. However, previous studies used to vary temperatures, leading to conflicting results. Jones et al. tested whether a common fever temperature (39 °C) affects PfEMP1 levels and cell adhesion. Using infected human red blood cells, they found that 39 °C increases both adhesion to proteins found on blood vessel walls and the number of cells displaying PfEMP1 on their surface. To investigate the process behind this increase, they used techniques to measure the activity of proteins and their interactions with other human proteins. They showed that heat accelerates the export of certain parasite proteins to the red blood cell surface, including PfEMP1 and likely others, without increasing overall protein levels or parasite growth. These findings suggest that fever may accelerate the surface export of certain parasite proteins, which unintentionally help infected cells adhere more strongly and earlier to blood vessels, potentially worsening the disease. However, further work is needed to confirm this in more realistic settings and to link it directly to disease severity in patients.
Prenatal testing has become an increasingly common practice in modern healthcare, offering parents valuable insights into the health and development of their unborn child. However, the rapid advancements in this field have also introduced a host of ethical dilemmas that demand careful consideration. Our objective was to explore the ethical considerations that the clinicians face in prenatal testing and genetic counseling, focusing on issues like informed consent, autonomy, the routinization of testing, disability rights, and implications for practice. A qualitative synthesis of the recent literature published until 2024 was conducted, and the data were organized, recapitulated, and presented to facilitate an integrated, comprehensive approach to prenatal counseling. We concluded that the integration of genetic and genomic testing into routine prenatal care is becoming increasingly common, assisting parents in making informed reproductive decisions. A key ethical concern is ensuring that they are fully informed to make independent choices about testing. Genetic counseling is vital for helping families understand the implications of testing options. However, disparities in access to these services can compromise the informed consent process. We propose a comprehensive approach to prenatal counseling to address these issues.
Diabetic foot ulcers are serious skin wounds that affect many people with diabetes, often leading to severe infections or even the loss of a limb. This paper explores how artificial intelligence -computer programs that can learn from data-is changing the way doctors find and treat these wounds. By reviewing 68 recent studies, we looked at how these smart technologies analyze different types of medical images to help patients. Our findings show that AI can help doctors identify health risks much earlier than traditional methods. These computer tools are also excellent at measuring how a wound is healing and predicting which treatments will work best for each individual. Because AI can spot tiny patterns in images that the human eye might miss, it makes medical care more precise and consistent. In conclusion, using AI to manage diabetic foot wounds offers a powerful way to improve patient health. By helping doctors make better, data-driven decisions, this technology can lead to faster healing and reduce the risk of serious complications for people living with diabetes.
Online support groups (OSGs) offer a convenient way for patients with cancer and survivors of cancer to obtain information and support. However, not all OSGs are helpful, and in some cases, they may increase distress. Overall, there is a lack of clear evidence on the effects of OSGs, along with how and why they work. This study examined how, for whom, and in what contexts OSGs work for patients with cancer and survivors of cancer. A realist review of the evidence on cancer OSGs was conducted (12 databases, inception to February 15, 2025). We followed Pawson's steps and the RAMESES (Realist and Meta-Narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards) quality standards for realist reviews. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Using a realist logic of analysis, we generated a narrative summary of the findings, context-mechanism-outcome configurations, and a program theory (eg, conceptual framework) to explain how cancer OSGs work. Additionally, we developed evidence-based recommendations for optimizing the effectiveness of OSGs. Of 16,659 papers identified, 168 were included. The evidence was organized into 3 categories, 10 concepts, and 57 context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Cancer OSGs can support patients by providing informational, emotional, appraisal, and altruistic support. This can lead to changes in distress, isolation, empowerment, and self-esteem, through negative and positive appraisals as well as coping efforts. These outcomes, however, depend on user attitudes about OSGs (ie, trustworthy, useful, culturally safe, and easy-to-use), how well the OSG fits their needs (ie, health need, sociodemographic or clinical characteristics, and coping style), and perceptions of control (ie, availability, anonymity, privacy, and autonomy). If an OSG was a good fit for a user's needs, whether they experienced positive outcomes depended on features of the communication technology (ie, modality, response time, and visual social cues), group composition and dynamics (ie, norms, moderation, safety, cohesion, and belonging), and the nature and content of interactions (ie, emotional expression, cognitive processing, and empathetic responses). These factors trigger underlying mechanisms such as feeling understood, accepted, cared for, valued, reassured, informed, and confident, which result in positive outcomes. OSGs can address supportive care needs and improve psychosocial well-being for patients with cancer and survivors of cancer. However, outcomes depend on specific contexts and mechanisms that impact how well OSGs meet patients' needs. To optimize effectiveness of OSGs, we recommend (1) helping to assess fit and address specific needs; (2) demonstrating trustworthiness; (3) enhancing anonymity and control, and protecting privacy; (4) enhancing ease-of-use; (5) supporting connection and belonging; (6) encouraging activity; (7) enhancing the nature of content shared to boost therapeutic effects; and (8) monitoring and adjusting design and management strategies.
Mormyrus kannume were collected from the Nile River in Assiut Governorate. Then, the fish were kept at approximately 26-28 °C with a 12 h/12 h light-dark cycle in a tank (100 L) for two weeks to acclimatize to laboratory conditions. Despite the economic importance of Mormyrus kannume in African freshwater fisheries, especially in the Nile River, no prior studies have documented its baseline morphohistology of key organs, such as the liver, or biochemical parameters or health biomarkers. This study fills this gap by characterizing normal hepatic architecture, liver enzyme activities, and histochemical components in wild Nile River specimens, providing a broad view of the fish's health status and helping researchers in their future studies. Hepatocytes exhibited cord-like arrangements with vesicular nuclei, intermingled with sinusoids of different shapes. Melanomacrophage centers varied in shape, location, and pigmentation. These findings establish reference physiological biomarkers for health assessment and future research on this species.
Prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy, and although robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is widely used, urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction remain significant issues. NeuroSAFE, an intraoperative frozen section technique aimed at optimizing nerve preservation without compromising cancer control, is increasingly used, but its overall impact on outcomes remains unclear.To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the NeuroSAFE technique during RARP, comparing functional recovery and oncologic outcomes with non-NeuroSAFE approaches.This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251032774). A comprehensive search of Embase, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov (March, 2026) identified studies reporting oncologic and/or functional outcomes in men undergoing RARP with NeuroSAFE. Two reviewer teams independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using ROBINS-I tool. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was quantified with the I2 statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test.Thirteen studies (2 randomized controlled trials and 11 observational cohorts) comprising 22,183 patients met the inclusion criteria. NeuroSAFE was associated with significantly improved postoperative erectile function (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.46-2.74) and urinary continence recovery (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05-1.76). Positive surgical margins were significantly reduced in the NeuroSAFE group (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.59-0.89). No differences in biochemical recurrence were observed (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.43-1.56). Heterogeneity was substantial for some outcomes, and most nonrandomized studies carried a serious risk of bias, which limits causal inference.This systematic review and meta-analysis, including randomized evidence, demonstrates that NeuroSAFE is a safe and effective intraoperative strategy that is associated with improved erectile function, enhanced continence recovery, and negative surgical margins without compromising oncologic outcomes. These findings support integrating NeuroSAFE into surgical decision-making for patients undergoing RARP, particularly when nerve preservation can be achieved without compromising oncologic outcomes.In this study, we compared a surgical approach that uses real-time analysis during prostate cancer surgery with the standard technique. This method helps surgeons decide how much tissue to preserve while the operation is still ongoing. We found that this approach is safe and may improve recovery of urinary continence and sexual function, while also reducing the risk of leaving cancer behind, without compromising cancer control.
Unlike mouse models of congenital toxoplasmosis, pregnant sheep models provide the opportunity to evaluate treatment strategies that more closely resemble clinical practice in pregnant women, including chemotherapeutic interventions initiated after specific IgM seroconversion. BKI-1748, which targets Toxoplasma gondii CDPK1 and MAPKL-1 protein kinases, has demonstrated an excellent safety profile and efficacy when administered repeatedly to pregnant sheep, starting at 2 and 7 days after challenge. In this study, treatment was initiated at day 14 post-infection (p.i.), following T. gondii IgM seroconversion. Twenty-three sheep were orally inoculated with 10 TgShSp1 oocysts at 90 days of gestation, while three sheep remained uninfected. On day 14 p.i., infected sheep carrying live fetuses (n = 10) received 10 doses of BKI-1748 orally at 15 mg/kg every 2 days, whereas 10 infected sheep were left untreated. All infected sheep, both treated and untreated, seroconverted to serum IgG by day 21 p.i., with treated sheep showing a marked reduction in IgG levels from day 28 p.i. onward. Administration of the compound significantly enhanced lamb viability in infected sheep, resulting in 91% viable lambs in treated animals compared to 52% in untreated sheep. Whereas all lambs born to untreated sheep were congenitally infected, only 17% of lambs in the treated group were infected. Nevertheless, congenitally infected lambs in the treated group had lower birth weights than T. gondii-free lambs. This study highlights the potential utility of BKI-1748 for prenatal treatment of human congenital toxoplasmosis, in which IgM seroconversion prompts the need for intervention.
Dimitri A. Christakis and Lauren Hale's Handbook of Children and Screens (2025) examines the complex relationship between digital media use and children's cognitive, physical, mental, and social development. Drawing on interdisciplinary research from neuroscience, psychology, public health, and education, the book argues that children's wellbeing is shaped by both the opportunities and risks of digital environments. The handbook is structured into three major parts covering cognitive development, social and cultural influences and digital domains. It highlights key concerns such as attention disruption, sleep disturbance and problematic media use. Even though the book provides a comprehensive and evidence-based synthesis, it has certain limitations, which are critically analysed in present review. This book explains how digital media and screens influence children’s development from early childhood to adolescence. It shows how screen use affects attention, learning, sleep, social relationships, and emotional well-being. The book highlights that digital media can shape brain development, sometimes by replacing important activities like play, reading, and face-to-face interaction. It also explains how children today interact with different technologies such as social media, video games, and artificial intelligence, and how these experiences vary depending on age and context. These contribute to the problems such as attention difficulties, reduced empathy, and excessive use. While more research is needed to clearly establish cause and effect, by discussing issues like digital literacy, balanced screen use with it impact on cognition, it helps child psychologists, researchers, teachers, and families better understand how to create healthier psychologically sound digital environments for children’s growth and development.
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a master transcription factor of integrated stress response (ISR), an evolutionarily conserved intracellular signaling network that helps the cell, tissue, and organism to adapt to various unpredictable environmental fluctuations, mitigate the challenges, and maintain health. Stress-induced ATF4 expression regulates a wild variety of gene expression programs to enable stress management and repair for cell homeostasis and integrity. However, chronic ATF4 activation contributes to pathologies including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Extensive studies have revealed that ATF4 regulates many cellular processes including autophagy, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammation. Emerging evidence has uncovered new signaling pathways in regulation of ATF4 expression and activation, including at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, and new functions of ATF4 in the progression of various metabolic and stress-related diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The diversity of ATF4 functions is increasingly appreciated. This review summarizes the recent findings of the complex regulatory network of ATF4 activity and its roles in integrating stress responses, metabolic reprogramming, unfolded protein responses, autophagy, inflammation, and immunity.
The intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) is helpful for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. The CCA ultrasound image segmentation methods can be used for the IMT measurements. However, the speckle noise and the blurred edges can reduce the accuracy of the IMT measurements. To address this issue, a preprocessing method based on non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) and Phase Asymmetry Metric is proposed for the CCA ultrasound images. First, the CCA ultrasound image is decomposed into the NSST domain with a low-frequency sub-band and several high-frequency sub-bands. Next, the high frequency sub-band image is despeckling using an adaptive threshold method. Then, the processed image is reconstructed through NSST. Finally, an edge enhancement method based on the phase asymmetry (PAS) metric is used for enhancing the edges in the reconstructed CCA ultrasound images. In the simulated CCA ultrasound image experiments, the CNR value of proposed method is 1.8191 dB, which is the highest among four state-of-the-art methods. In the clinical CCA ultrasound image experiments, the average CNR values of proposed method is 1.5457 ± 0.6595 (mean ± std in dB), which is the best among four advanced methods. In the real application of IMT measurements, the average absolute error of intima-media thickness measurements of proposed method is 0.0790 ± 0.0588 (mean ± std in mm), which is the lowest among four advanced methods. In conclusion, the proposed approach has improved performance in suppressing the speckle noise and enhancing the intima media complex (IMC) regions, and it is a potential method for preprocessing of the CCA ultrasound images in clinical application.
New graduate nurses experience transition shock during the first year of their professional lives. Limited prior studies have shown how transition shock affects freshly graduated nurses' ability to provide care, but further evidence related to missed care is required. This study is a report that evaluates the relationship between transition shock experienced and missed nursing care among new graduate nurses. This descriptive and correlational study involved 277 new graduate nurses working in four hospitals. Data were collected using two standardised scales: the MISSCARE Survey and the Nursing Transition Shock Scale. The data were collected from December 2023 to February 2024. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Transition shock was significantly associated with missed nursing care practices and the causes of missed nursing. Transition shock was significantly associated with human resources, material resources and communication. These results showed that transition shock significantly predicted missed nursing care practices and their causes. The study highlighted that the transition shock of new graduate nurses is associated with missed nursing care. To prevent missed care by new graduate nurses, the determinants should be considered when providing nursing care. According to the study's conclusions, helping recently graduated nurses with continuing education and mentoring may have beneficial effects on preventing missed care. Adhered to the STROBE guidelines. No patient or public contribution.
Intravascular hemolysis can cause both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). When erythrocytes break down in the bloodstream, they release hemoglobin and heme derivatives, which accumulate in renal cells and lead to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The enzyme NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) plays a role in NAD+ metabolism and helps reduce oxidative stress and inflammation while enhancing mitochondrial function. In this study, we examined whether overexpressing CYB5R3 offers kidney protection against AKI caused by intravascular hemolysis and prevents the progression from AKI to CKD, including analysis of sex-based differences. We created an experimental model to assess acute and chronic kidney damage related to intravascular hemolysis in wild-type (WT) and CYB5R3-overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice. Additionally, we performed in vitro experiments to determine if pharmacological induction of CYB5R3 with tetrahydroindenoindole (THII) reduced heme-mediated nephrotoxicity. AKI resulting from intravascular hemolysis impaired kidney function, increased damage to tubular epithelium and podocytes, promoted oxidative stress and inflammation, caused mitochondrial dysfunction, altered autophagy-related markers, and cell death-effects that were more severe in males than females. CYB5R3 overexpression notably diminished these pathological changes and slowed CKD progression by decreasing inflammation and fibrosis, regardless of sex. In cellular systems, induction of CYB5R3 with THII lowered heme-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and cell death, and restored NAD+ levels. These protective effects were eliminated by pharmacological inhibition of CYB5R3 activity. Our findings suggest that CYB5R3 could be a promising therapeutic target for preventing AKI related to intravascular hemolysis and its progression to CKD.
Birth trauma is a common experience, with 50% of birthing individuals perceiving their birth as traumatic. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis with an intersectional feminist trauma lens, this study aimed to understand how people experience healing from birth trauma. Eleven participants, who self-identified as having experienced and healed from a psychologically traumatic birth, were recruited. Data were collected through in-person interviews, follow-up phone interviews, and optional focus groups. The study identified five key themes related to the experience of healing from birth trauma: (1) seeking and strengthening support, (2) creating community and sharing stories, (3) empowerment as reframing the narrative and returning to self, (4) giving birth again, and (5) healing over time. The participants sought support from partners, friends, family, and healthcare providers, with some seeking professional therapy and medication. Creating communities and sharing stories, both in-person and online, helped reduce isolation and validate their experiences. For most participants, giving birth again was a major component of healing, providing opportunities for self-advocacy, regaining control, and experiencing patient-centered care. Empowerment is a key healing experience involving reframing narratives and self-acceptance. Healing was experienced as a nonlinear process over time, with moments of realization and reflection. Findings suggest that while psychological intervention is sometimes accessed, sharing stories, creating a community, and strengthening support systems over time are key components in moving forward from birth trauma. Interventions should integrate peer-led support and focus on reducing isolation and promoting community for those with birth trauma.