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This study investigates the impact of Mozart's music on the reliability of visual field testing among healthy Thai individuals, using a large sample population. Automated perimetry was conducted on the right eyes of 163 perimetry-naive participants using a Humphrey Field Analyzer III (SITA standard 24-2 program). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (no auditory input), headphones (noise-canceling headphones without music), and Mozart (headphones with Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major, K. 448). Each group received a 10 min pretest intervention according to their group assignment. Key perimetric indices, including fixation loss (FL), false positives (FP), false negatives (FN), test duration, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and sensitivity depression in total and pattern deviation (TD and PD) plots, were collected and analyzed across groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The mean percentages of FL were 14.3% (95% CI 9.2%-19.4%) in the control group, 13.4% (95% CI 7.8%-19%) in the headphones group, and 6.4% (95% CI 4%-8.8%) in the Mozart group. An improvement in FL was observed between the control and Mozart groups (p = 0.03). However, no significant differences were found among the groups with respect to FP, FN, or test duration. Additionally, the values for MD, PSD, TD, and PD remained within normal ranges across all groups, with no significant differences. Mozart's music may facilitate enhanced concentration and spatial reasoning among individuals undergoing visual field testing with automated perimetry. Consequently, its application in clinical settings has the potential to improve the FL, a reliability index of visual field assessment.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of texting and listening to music with headphones, both separately and in combination, on the static and dynamic balance of young adults.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 healthy young adults. The FreeMed-Baropodometric platform was used to assess static balance outcomes, including sway length, sway velocity, and displacement of the center of pressure in the mediolateral (DeltaX) and anteroposterior (DeltaY) directions, and dynamic balance outcomes, including initial contact, loading response, midstance, and terminal stance times. The participants underwent four conditions: standing still without any additional tasks, standing while texting, standing while music listening with headphones, and standing while both texting and listening to music with headphones. Additional measurements included forward head posture analysis, and New York Posture Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsTexting compared to listening to music with headphones or standing significantly affected static balance outcomes, including sway length, velocity, and Delta X and Delta Y, particularly in monopodalic conditions (p < .001). In contrast, listening to music with headphones with or without texting did not significantly impact static or dynamic balance outcomes (p > .05).ConclusionsTexting can adversely affect static balance, whereas listening to music with headphones does not significantly impact static or dynamic balance in young-healthy individuals. These findings suggest that individuals should consider stopping and sitting when texting to maintain balance and safety.

Postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) is a common complication after surgery and is associated with impaired recovery. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial designed to determine whether intraoperative 40 Hz gamma frequency auditory stimulation reduces the incidence of PSD after laparoscopic gynecological surgery. This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial will enroll 342 patients scheduled for laparoscopic gynecological surgery under general anesthesia. Patients will be randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to three parallel groups: control (no headphones), sham stimulation (headphones without auditory output), or active stimulation (headphones delivering 40 Hz auditory stimulation). The primary outcome is the incidence of PSD on the first postoperative night. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of PSD on postoperative nights 2 and 3, daily Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) scores, anxiety and depression scores (HADS-A/-D), sedative-hypnotic use, pain scores, analgesic consumption, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), rescue antiemetic use, duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, length of postoperative hospital stay, quality of postoperative recovery (QoR-15), perioperative adverse events, and patient satisfaction. This trial will evaluate whether intraoperative 40 Hz gamma frequency auditory stimulation reduces PSD in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. The findings may provide evidence for a non-invasive perioperative strategy to mitigate sleep disruption and improve postoperative recovery. http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier [ChiCTR2500110341].

Many commercially available hearing protector fit testing (HPFT) systems are able to measure personal attenuation rating (PAR) values for earplugs, but only a few are capable of measuring PAR with over-the-ear protectors and even fewer are able to estimate PAR values with double hearing protection. One approach that could potentially be used with any type of hearing protection is to modify the real-ear attenuation at threshold method to use an occluded threshold that is measured with circumaural headphones worn around the neck rather than over the ears. However, this method would only be valid if the neck-to-ear transfer function of the headphones is stable across a variety of headphone fittings. This study evaluated the validity of a neck-based HPFT approach by (1) measuring the transfer function from headphones worn around the neck to the ear across a variety of headphone positions and head and ear geometries; and (2) using an acoustic test fixture to compare PAR values measured with a neck-based sound source to those obtained with more conventional HPFT approaches. The results indicate that the neck-based HPFT system has a relatively consistent neck-to-ear transfer function and produced PAR values comparable to those obtained with other HPFT systems.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and clinically significant complication among older adults undergoing major surgery under general anesthesia. Gamma-frequency (40-Hz) auditory stimulation has demonstrated potential neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing effects, suggesting a plausible role in perioperative delirium prevention. However, direct clinical evidence supporting intraoperative 40-Hz auditory stimulation in reducing POD remains limited, warranting rigorous evaluation in a randomized trial. This prospective, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial will enroll 550 older adults scheduled for major noncardiac, nonneurosurgical surgery under general anesthesia. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the active stimulation group, receiving intraoperative 40-Hz gamma-frequency auditory stimulation delivered via headphones for 2&#x2009;h following successful anesthesia induction, or the sham stimulation group, wearing headphones without active auditory output. The primary outcome is the incidence of POD on postoperative day 1 though 3, assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) or the CAM for the ICU (CAM-ICU). Secondary outcomes include POD severity, sleep quality, pain scores, analgesic consumption, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), rescue antiemetic use, duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, length of hospital stay, quality of postoperative recovery, incidence of perioperative adverse events; postoperative morbidity, health-related quality of life, and all-cause 30-day mortality. This trial will determine whether intraoperative 40-Hz gamma-frequency auditory stimulation reduces the incidence of POD among older adults undergoing major surgery under general anesthesia. If efficacious, this noninvasive intervention could constitute a feasible perioperative strategy to mitigate delirium risk and enhance postoperative recovery. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500115156).

Binaural audio rendering aims to reconstruct virtual sound images at a listener's ears using headphones or loudspeakers. While headphones can deliver stereo sound separately to each ear, loudspeakers-based binaural audio systems suffer from intrinsic crosstalk, which necessitates crosstalk cancellation (CTC) as a preprocessing technique. Traditional two-channel CTC methods experience performance degradation near ill-conditioned frequencies that are determined by physical system configuration. The optimal source distribution approach overcomes this problem by varying the loudspeaker pair's positions with frequency; however, its application is constrained by the requirement for a large number of loudspeakers. As an alternative approach, this paper proposes an optimal control point distribution (OCPD) method that minimizes the condition number of the transfer matrix by dynamically adjusting control point positions instead of the loudspeaker positions. By selecting appropriate control point locations, the proposed OCPD method effectively mitigates the performance deterioration of traditional two-channel loudspeaker systems at the ill-conditioned frequencies without increasing the number of loudspeakers. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed OCPD method outperforms conventional two-channel CTC systems and, using only two loudspeakers, achieves performance comparable to the discrete optimal source distribution method with five loudspeaker pairs. Experiments conducted in an anechoic chamber validate the theoretical findings and further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Music can enhance exercise performance, but its potential has not been well explored in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). The aim was to explore the current music-related behaviours among PR service users with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) to inform future PR service interventions and explore the potential for music to facilitate exercise adherence in this context. The cross-sectional survey was distributed among PR attendees at the University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL) NHS Trust in the United Kingdom, between November 2023 and August 2024. Participants completed a 25-item survey exploring (i) relevant technology ownership and music-related behaviours, (ii) preferred music genres and songs and (iii) anticipated benefits/concerns of exercising to music. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. Free-text data were analysed using qualitative counting. We surveyed 109 people living with CRDs (51% male, 56% aged &#x2265;70 year, 76% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 82% owned a smartphone). More than half had no prior experience of exercising to music (n=59, 54%). Despite this, almost half of participants listened to music at least once/day (n=54, 49%), primarily via the radio (n=83, 76%) and/or online music platforms (n=76, 70%). Pop (n=39, 36%) and Country (n=38, 35%) were the most popular music genres listened to, with the majority listening to music without headphones (n=64, 59%). The main concern about wearing headphones while exercising was that it might reduce their awareness of the surroundings (n=67, 61%). The perceived benefits of listening to music during exercise were to boost their mood (n=39, 36%) or help maintain their walking pace (n=19, 17%). There is potential to use music as a tool to support exercise in PR. However, lack of prior experience exercising to music, diverse music preferences, safety considerations and the need to increase knowledge of the potential benefits of exercising to music are key challenges. These findings may help future PR services to implement music into their programmes and develop personalised music-based interventions to optimise exercise performance.

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have altered sensory processing - including auditory sensory over-responsivity (SOR). Few treatment options exist for children with ASD and auditory SOR. This study investigated whether music-based auditory stimulation (The Listening Program&#xae; SPECTRUM with Waves&#x2122; bone conduction headphones), could reduce auditory SOR, sensory dysfunction, and behaviors common to children with ASD and improve adaptive functioning. Six boys between the ages of 5 and 10 with ASD and auditory SOR completed listening sessions at home for 40 wk. Participants had statistically significant improvements in the Hearing construct of the Sensory Processing Measure that were sustained 3&#x2009;months post-intervention. Participants also had significant improvements across multiple other sensory constructs, social skills, and communication skills. This study provides support for The Listening Program&#xae; SPECTRUM with Waves&#x2122; bone conduction headphones to improve sensory processing and reduce hypersensitivity to sound, which may lead to better social and communication skills for children with ASD and auditory SOR. Larger, randomized-controlled studies are needed.

Music listening with headphones and at high sound levels is common among young people. Risky music listening may be influenced by behavioral factors, and investigating these could have implications for more effective prevention. The aim is to describe participants' hearing health and music listening habits and explore associations between attitudes to noise and measured sound pressure levels (SPLs) from participants' headphones and between perceived auditory symptoms with hearing and SPL measurements. This is a cross-sectional study including audiometry (0.125-16 kHz), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), SPL measurements, and a questionnaire. The participants were 10-20 years old. Out of 71 respondents to the questionnaire, 53 also participated in the hearing and SPL measurements. Positive attitudes to noise were significantly associated with higher measured SPLs. Participants &#x2265; 15 years old had more positive attitudes, higher measured SPLs, and reported longer durations of headphone music listening. Most auditory symptoms were significantly correlated with self-reported music listening habits but not with measured SPLs, audiometry, or DPOAEs. Participants experiencing a greater need for auditory recovery had higher variation in DPOAE amplitude for both ears. Attitudes to noise may play a role in shaping risky music listening behaviors. Perceived auditory symptoms may occur before detectable audiometric threshold shifts. Addressing these aspects could promote safer music listening behaviors. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.30781904.

Music therapy (MT) has recently shown its value in alleviating pain in surgical patients. To explore its perioperative analgesic effects in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) under general anesthesia, we conducted a randomized single-blind clinical trial. Eighty-six patients aged 50-70 years (ASA II-III) undergoing TKA at Honghui Hospital were randomly assigned to either a music group or a control group. The music group listened to music via headphones from 10&#xa0;minutes before anesthesia induction until awakening after surgery. The control group wore headphones without music for the same period. All patients received standardized general anesthesia with BIS values maintained between 40 and 60. Postoperatively, a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump was used. Outcome measures included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores, analgesic dosage, PCA usage, Nausea VAS (NVAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and satisfaction with analgesia at 1h, 2h, 3h, 12h, 24h, and 48h after surgery. The music group showed significantly fewer PCA presses at 1h and 3h post-operation (p < 0.05), with no significant differences at later time points. Sleep quality and analgesia satisfaction on the first postoperative night were also significantly better in the music group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in VAS, NVAS, or analgesic dosage at most time points. Perioperative music therapy can effectively support PCA for a specific postoperative period, alleviating early postoperative pain, enhancing sleep, and improving patient satisfaction with analgesia in TKA patients.

Orthopedic surgeries are commonly associated with significant postoperative pain and physiological stress, which can be objectively identified through alterations in vital signs, such as blood pressure and heart rate. During postoperative bedside care, procedures that involve patient handling and mobilization may intensify pain-related physiological responses, highlighting the need for interventions capable of modulating both pain perception and vital signs in this clinical context. To evaluate the effect of music as an intervention on pain and vital signs during bedside care in postoperative orthopedic patients DESIGN: This randomized, single-blind clinical trial evaluated the effect of music as an intervention therapy during bed baths in patients on the first and second postoperative days after orthopedic surgery. One hundred adults were randomized into a control group and an intervention group. Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Physiological assessment was performed by measuring vital signs, including blood pressure and heart rate. Pressure pain threshold was objectively measured using digital pressure algometry, with controlled application of pressure until the participant first reported the sensation of pain (pressure pain threshold). Participants in the control group wore headphones without music throughout the procedure, whereas participants in the intervention group underwent the same procedure while listening to preselected classical music through headphones. Music exposure significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (p = .002) and heart rate (p = .001), and decreased pain perception assessed by the McGill Pain Questionnaire (p < .001), except for the "miscellaneous" dimension (p = .066). Furthermore, pain measured by the visual analog scale decreased (p < .001), and pressure pain threshold measured by algometry increased (p < .001). This study demonstrated that music as a complementary intervention was associated with reduced pain intensity and lower systolic blood pressure and heart rate when assessed before and after a bedside care procedure in postoperative orthopedic patients.

A survey of visiting policies in neonatal units in the UK and Ireland was conducted and parental experiences with open-access were examined across two neonatal units (one recently introduced it; another has had it in place for five years). Units were contacted by email or telephone to complete the survey. Parents at two units prospectively completed a questionnaire. Eighty percent (169/212) of units participated in the survey. Among these, 88&#x202f;% implemented complete open-access for parents, 7&#x202f;% partial and 5&#x202f;% restricted. 141/169 units (83.4&#x202f;%) allowed parents during bedside ward rounds. Of these, 26 (18.4&#x202f;%) required use of noise-cancelling headphones. Two persons per patient were allowed in 106 units (63&#x202f;%), three in 44 (26&#x202f;%) and four or more in 19 (11&#x202f;%). Visitors must be accompanied by a parent. Siblings could visit at any time in 112 units (66&#x202f;%), 48 during fixed hours (28&#x202f;%) and 9 never allowed them (5&#x202f;%); two units allowed siblings during summer months (1&#x202f;%). In the two units, 87&#x202f;% of 15 and 89&#x202f;% of 20 parents were satisfied with the level of access. Concerns about confidentiality were expressed by 13&#x202f;% and 20&#x202f;% reported feeling a little worried about overhearing others' information or vice versa. Parents benefitted from open-access by feeling more welcome, less stressed and able to plan their visits more seamlessly. Open-access was perceived to improve the babies' quality of care through greater parental involvement and time spent together. Visiting policies varied between units; open-access was regarded as beneficial to parent and infant wellbeing.

The assumption that the brain relies on Bayesian inference has been successful in accounting for many behavioural and neurophysiological observations, but the dependence on such a mechanism in arithmetic remains unknown. Bayesian inference implies the representation of uncertainty and reliance on prior beliefs. In arithmetic problem-solving, it would consist of refining priors over the response range as the system progressively integrates information conveyed by the operands. To test this hypothesis, we designed three experiments in which participants computed the sum of two numbers presented sequentially through headphones. The first operand was either highly informative and contributed to narrowing down the response range or poorly informative and conveyed little information about plausible responses. Throughout all experiments, pupil-related arousal signalled the information gain associated with the first operand, indicating that participants updated the probability distribution of responses upon hearing that first stimulus. Moreover, when participants received more informative operands and when their pupils dilated more during this presentation, they were also faster to respond, indicating that greater initial information processing facilitated quicker problem-solving. These findings show that Bayesian inference is central to arithmetic problem-solving and that information gains consequent to the integration of the operands can be tracked over time through pupillometry.

To evaluate the effects of personalized music therapy on perioperative anxiety, physiological stress responses, postoperative pain, sedation, and recovery quality in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Sixty-four American Society of Anesthesiologists I to III patients (aged 18 to 75 years) scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy were randomized to either a music therapy group (MTG, n = 32) or a control group (CG, n&#xa0;= 32). The MTG received personalized receptive music therapy during the preoperative holding phase and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, while the CG wore identical headphones delivering silence. Outcomes included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6, Numeric Rating Scale&#xa0;for pain, Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation, Quality of Recovery-15, and continuous physiological monitoring (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and&#xa0;oxygen saturation). Compared with the CG, the MTG demonstrated significantly lower postoperative state anxiety scores (P < .001), reduced pain intensity across all postoperative timepoints (all P < .001), and shorter PACU stay (33.44 &#xb1; 4.30 vs&#xa0;41.56 &#xb1; 7.77&#xa0;minutes, P < .001). A greater proportion of MTG patients achieved full alertness in the&#xa0;PACU (96.9% vs&#xa0;59.4%, P < .001). Quality of Recovery-15 scores at 24&#xa0;hours were also higher in the MTG (86.19 &#xb1; 3.05 vs&#xa0;73.94 &#xb1; 6.49, P < .001). Additionally, the MTG exhibited more stable hemodynamic parameters throughout the perioperative period. Personalized music therapy is a safe and effective nonpharmacological intervention that reduces perioperative anxiety and pain, enhances physiological stability, accelerates postoperative emergence, and improves recovery quality in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. Its integration into Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways may provide substantial benefits for perioperative care.