While artificial intelligence (AI) holds enormous promise, many experts in the field are warning that there is a non-trivial chance that the development of AI poses an existential threat to humanity. Existing regulatory initiative do not address this threat but merely instead focus on discrete AI-related risks such as consumer safety, cybersecurity, data protection, and privacy. In the absence of regulatory action to address the possible risk of human extinction by AI, the question arises: What legal obligations, if any, does public international law impose on states to regulate its development. Grounded in the precautionary principle, we argue that there exists an international obligation to mitigate the threat of human extinction by AI. Often invoked in relation to environmental regulation and the regulation of potentially harmful technologies, the principle holds that in situations where there is the potential for significant harm, even in the absence of full scientific certainty, preventive measures should not be postponed if delayed action may result in irreversible consequences. We argue that the precautionary principle is a general principle of international law and, therefo
This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on information-seeking behaviors among international students, with a focus on the r/f1visa subreddit. Our study indicates a considerable rise in the number of users posting more than one question during the pandemic. Those asking recurring questions demonstrate more active involvement in communication, suggesting a continuous pursuit of knowledge. Furthermore, the thematic focus has shifted from questions about jobs before COVID-19 to concerns about finances, school preparations, and taxes during COVID-19. These findings carry implications for support policymaking, highlighting the importance of delivering timely and relevant information to meet the evolving needs of international students. To enhance international students' understanding and navigation of this dynamic environment, future research in this field is necessary.
In this proceeding contribution we discuss the status and progress towards a modernised and extended International Lattice Data Grid (ILDG), which has seen major developments, updates, and upgrades over the last year. In particular, metadata and file schemata have been extended. Moreover, the registration and authentication services have been modernised, and the file and metadata catalogues re-implemented.
This third international workshop on explainable AI for the Arts (XAIxArts) brought together a community of researchers in HCI, Interaction Design, AI, explainable AI (XAI), and digital arts to explore the role of XAI for the Arts. Workshop held at the 17th ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition (C&C 2025), online.
The sixth international conference AsiaHaptics 2024 took place at Sunway University, Malaysia on 28-30 October 2024. AsiaHaptics is an exhibition type of international conference dedicated to the haptics domain, engaging presentations accompanied by hands-on demonstrations. It presents the state-of-the-art of the diverse haptics (touch)-related research, including perception and illusion, development of haptics devices, and applications to a wide variety of fields such as education, medicine, telecommunication, navigation and entertainment. This proceedings volume is a valuable resource not only for active haptics researchers, but also for general readers wishing to understand the status quo in this interdisciplinary area of science and technology.
Detecting heterogeneity in treatment response enriches the interpretation of gerontologic trials. In aging research, estimating the effect of the intervention on clinically meaningful outcomes faces analytical challenges when it is truncated by death. For example, in the Whole Systems Demonstrator trial, a large cluster-randomized study evaluating telecare among older adults, the overall effect of the intervention on quality of life was found to be null. However, this marginal intervention estimate obscures potential heterogeneity of individuals responding to the intervention, particularly among those who survive to the end of follow-up. To explore this heterogeneity, we adopt a causal framework grounded in principal stratification, targeting the Survivor Average Causal Effect (SACE)-the treatment effect among "always-survivors," or those who would survive regardless of treatment assignment. We extend this framework using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART), a nonparametric machine learning method, to flexibly model both latent principal strata and stratum-specific potential outcomes. This enables the estimation of the Conditional SACE (CSACE), allowing us to uncover variatio
Optical clocks have improved their frequency stability and estimated accuracy by more than two orders of magnitude over the best caesium microwave clocks that realise the SI second. Accordingly, an optical redefinition of the second has been widely discussed, prompting a need for the consistency of optical clocks to be verified worldwide. While satellite frequency links are sufficient to compare microwave clocks, a suitable method for comparing high-performance optical clocks over intercontinental distances is missing. Furthermore, remote comparisons over frequency links face fractional uncertainties of a few $10^{-18}$ due to imprecise knowledge of each clock's relativistic redshift, which stems from uncertainty in the geopotential determined at each distant location. Here, we report a landmark campaign towards the era of optical clocks, where, for the first time, state-of-the-art transportable optical clocks from Japan and Europe are brought together to demonstrate international comparisons that require neither a high-performance frequency link nor information on the geopotential difference between remote sites. Conversely, the reproducibility of the clocks after being transporte
We report on status and perspectives of the International Lattice Data Grid. ILDG was established some twenty years ago as a community-wide initiative to enable the sharing of gauge configurations generated by many major lattice collaborations. After a phase in which availability and usage of services had degraded, an effort to modernize and reactivate ILDG 2.0 has been started. The initiative has made important progress and we can look forward to larger and fully FAIR data sets becoming available to a wider audience.
This second international workshop on explainable AI for the Arts (XAIxArts) brought together a community of researchers in HCI, Interaction Design, AI, explainable AI (XAI), and digital arts to explore the role of XAI for the Arts. Workshop held at the 16th ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition (C&C 2024), Chicago, USA.
This publication presents a relation computation or calculus for international relations using a mathematical modeling. It examined trust for international relations and its calculus, which related to Bayesian inference, Dempster-Shafer theory and subjective logic. Based on an observation in the literature, we found no literature discussing the calculus method for the international relations. To bridge this research gap, we propose a relation algebra method for international relations computation. The proposed method will allow a relation computation which is previously subjective and incomputable. We also present three international relations as case studies to demonstrate the proposed method is a real-world scenario. The method will deliver the relation computation for the international relations that to support decision makers in a government such as foreign ministry, defense ministry, presidential or prime minister office. The Department of Defense (DoD) may use our method to determine a nation that can be identified as a friendly, neutral or hostile nation.
Every year many scholars are funded by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). The CSC is a funding agency established by the Chinese government with the main initiative of training Chinese scholars to conduct research abroad and to promote international collaboration. In this study, we identified these CSC-funded scholars sponsored by the China Scholarship Council based on the acknowledgments text indexed by the Web of Science. Bibliometric data of their publications were collected to track their scientific mobility in different fields, and to evaluate the performance of the CSC scholarship in promoting international collaboration by sponsoring the mobility of scholars. Papers funded by the China Scholarship Council are mainly from the fields of natural sciences and engineering sciences. There are few CSC-funded papers in the field of social sciences and humanities. CSC-funded scholars from mainland China have the United States, Australia, Canada, and some European countries, such as Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands, as their preferential mobility destinations across all fields of science. CSC-funded scholars published most of their papers with international collaboration during
Data scarcity challenges the development and implementation of innovative healthcare solutions. In geriatrics, fall-related injuries are a major cause of hospitalization, functional decline, and mortality in older adults. Optimizing post-operative discharge planning can mitigate these outcomes, but limited data hinders predictive model development. Here, we explored generative machine learning approaches to augment data from the SURGE-Ahead project (Supporting SURgery with Geriatric Co-Management and AI), an initiative addressing geriatric perioperative care. Data from the German geriatric trauma register (AltersTraumaZentrum; ATZ) were incorporated using two strategies: (i) combining SURGE-Ahead and ATZ register data with imputation (ComImp) and (ii) generating synthetic data from SURGE-Ahead alone or combined SURGE-Ahead and the ATZ register datasets with Adversarial random forests (ARF). Predictive models, including multinomial logistic regression, random forest, and a prior-fitted transformer (TabPFN), were trained and evaluated using standard performance metrics: accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC), Brier score, and the logistic loss. Ran
To support aging-in-place, adult children often provide care to their aging parents from a distance. These informal caregivers desire plug-and-play remote care solutions for privacy-preserving continuous monitoring that enabling real-time activity monitoring and intuitive, actionable information. This short paper presents insights from three iterations of deployment experience for remote monitoring system and the iterative improvement in hardware, modeling, and user interface guided by the Geriatric 4Ms framework (matters most, mentation, mobility, and medication). An LLM-assisted solution is developed to balance user experience (privacy-preserving, plug-and-play) and system performance.
Orbit-use management efforts can be structured as binding national regulatory policies or as self-enforcing international treaties. New treaties to control space debris growth appear unlikely in the near future. Spacefaring nations can pursue national regulatory policies, though regulatory competition and open access to orbit make their effectiveness unclear. We develop a game-theoretic model of national regulatory policies and self-enforcing international treaties for orbit-use management in the face of open access, regulatory competition, and catastrophe. While open access limits the effectiveness of national policies, market-access control ensures the policies can improve environmental quality. A large enough stock of legacy debris ensures existence of a global regulatory equilibrium where all nations choose to levy environmental regulations on all satellites. The global regulatory equilibrium supports a self-enforcing treaty to avert catastrophe by making it costlier to leave the treaty and free ride.
The 3rd International Workshop on Overlay Architectures for FPGAs (OLAF 2017) was held on 22 Feb, 2017 as a co-located workshop at the 25th ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA 2017). This year, the program committee selected 3 papers and 3 extended abstracts to be presented at the workshop, which are subsequently collected in this online volume.
Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is a complex cognitive, social, and emotional process that is increasingly prevalent in educational and professional settings. This study investigates the emotional states of individuals during CPS using a mixed-methods approach. Teams of four first completed a novel CPS task. Immediately after, each individual was placed in an isolated room where they reviewed the video of their group performing the task and self-reported their internal experiences throughout the task. We performed a linguistic analysis of these internal monologues, providing insights into the range of emotions individuals experience during CPS. Our analysis showed distinct patterns in language use, including characteristic unigrams and bigrams, key words and phrases, emotion labels, and semantic similarity between emotion-related words.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major contributor to mortality among older adults, with geriatric patients facing disproportionately high risk due to age-related physiological vulnerability and comorbidities. Early and accurate prediction of mortality is essential for guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing ICU resource allocation. In this study, we utilized the MIMIC-III database to identify geriatric TBI patients and applied a machine learning framework to develop a 30-day mortality prediction model. A rigorous preprocessing pipeline-including Random Forest-based imputation, feature engineering, and hybrid selection-was implemented to refine predictors from 69 to 9 clinically meaningful variables. CatBoost emerged as the top-performing model, achieving an AUROC of 0.867 (95% CI: 0.809-0.922), surpassing traditional scoring systems. SHAP analysis confirmed the importance of GCS score, oxygen saturation, and prothrombin time as dominant predictors. These findings highlight the value of interpretable machine learning tools for early mortality risk stratification in elderly TBI patients and provide a foundation for future clinical integration to support high-stakes decision
Reviving the old proposal of describing gravity as a gauge theory first we describe the construction of the Conformal and the Noncommutative (Fuzzy) Gravities in a gauge-theoretic manner. Then stressing the fact that the tangent group of a curved manifold and the manifold itself do not necessarily have the same dimensions, we show how the above Gravities can be unified with the Internal Interactions, the latter based on the GUT $SO(10)$.
This article describes reflections on the Fifth International Conference on Women in Physics which was a conference attended by 215 female physicists and a few male physicists from 49 different countries. The article focuses on the barriers that women face in their professional advancement in physics and the extent to which the situation is different in various countries.
The Stern-Gerlach experiment and the origin of electron spin are described in historical context. SPIN 2014 occurs on the fortieth anniversary of the first International High Energy Spin Physics Symposium at Argonne in 1974. A brief history of the international spin conference series is presented.