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BACKGROUND: Mind blanking (MB) describes a state in which a person reports an absence of thought, sensation, or awareness. Although thought sampling methods (TSMs) are widely used to capture MB during sustained attention tasks, concerns remain about whether individuals’ reports of MB during the task reflect genuine blankness or failures in memory retrieval. METHODS: We investigated whether adding a “Forgot” option, designed to capture metacognitive uncertainty, to TSM probes improved the interpretability of MB assessments. Japanese participants (n = 183) completed a sustained attention to response task (SART) in a within‑subject crossover study with two probe conditions: one with five common categorical options and one with an added sixth Forgot option. RESULTS: The Forgot option was selected infrequently, especially in the first session, yet its inclusion clarified introspective reporting without disrupting behavioral performance (hit response time, variability, and d′). State frequencies showed moderate-to-high session‑to‑session stability, indicating reliable individual reporting tendencies. A correlation analysis revealed the expected associations between the participants’ reports of mind-wandering (MW) and questionnaire-based trait MW scores across both conditions. Critically, MB reports correlated with trait MB scores only when the Forgot option was available, suggesting that the additional option reduced misclassification of retrieval‑based uncertainty as MB. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating a Forgot option enhances the construct validity of MB measurement by distinguishing genuine experiential absence from memory‑based uncertainty, while preserving task performance and the stability of state reports. This refinement improves the precision of TSM‑based assessments and offers a practical tool for advancing research on cognitive absence and attention–memory interactions.
This exploratory project aimed to develop online learning materials with interactive narratives for supporting persons living with dementia, with particular focus on initial diagnosis and helping children to understand changes which may occur. Dementia is a range of neurological conditions that cause the ongoing decline in brain function, manifesting as loss of memory, language, and problem-solving abilities. Over 55 million people worldwide are living with dementia, straining health and social care resources in their ability to provide information, care, and support for the family. There is a need for easily accessible, high-quality, and nationally scalable resources for dementia support for this growing population. Twine was used to produce online digital storytelling media titled 'Grandad Forgot My Name', following the narrative of dementia care for family members. Design, theming, artwork, and story pathways reflected key aspects of dementia and dementia care to facilitate additional support for readers, and health and social care workers. Usage statistics were monitored and readers answered evaluative surveys with numerical scoring and descriptive free responses. Story pathways and information were continuously updated following survey responses. Twine and interactive storytelling had potential to reach a wide audience at minimal cost, bridging the gaps between initial concerns, diagnosis, and appointment. However, there were issues with stakeholder adoptability and uptake when sharing materials which must be resolved in full-scaled outputs. Grandad Forgot My Name successfully demonstrated key design and logistical considerations when creating support resources of national impact, with cross-generational communication and reader-centric design optimising engagement.
Forgotten double JJ stents is the most common reason for postoperative complaints in urology. Thorough preoperative mapping of stent's calcification is mandatory to offer tailored management. The aim of our study was to assess the correlation between the Kidney Bladder Ureter (KUB) score and the complexity of surgical management. We retrospectively gathered data from patients who had a forgotten JJ stent with failed removal under local anesthesia. We have looked for relationship between the KUB score and the complexity of management. Correlated factors with the KUB score have been looked for too. Thirty-four patients were evaluated during the study. Forty renal units were managed. The average duration of JJ catheter implantation was 951.77 (185-3522) days. A total KUB score≥6 was a predictive factor for the need for complex management (OR=11.39; IC95%: 2.35-35.18). Cognitive disorders (P=0.001), ASA score (P=0.016), social isolation (P=0.003), urinary lithiasis (P=0.048), and the emergency context of JJ stent placement (P=0.001) were significantly associated with a high total KUB score (≥6). In contrast, French nationality (P=0.09), male gender (P=0.7), duration of JJ stent placement (P=0.6), and type of JJ stent (P=0.4) were not significantly associated with the total KUB score. A high KUB score is a predictive factor of complex management of forgotten JJ stents. Preventing the forgetting of JJ stents is essential and would now be easier by digital means. A French application for tracking JJ stents could improve the national traceability of these stents.
Patient-reported outcomes have become a key criterion for determining patient satisfaction following orthopedic procedures like total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The Forgotten Joint Score 12 (FJS-12) is designed to evaluate if a patient is aware of their replaced joint. Little literature exists surrounding the predictive power of other metrics on the FJS-12. In this paper, differences in these clinical metrics were assessed between groups of patients who scored above the FJS-12 cutoff and those who did not after TKA. Patients who underwent primary elective TKA and answered all required patient-reported outcomes during the designated study period were included. Using an established cutoff of 33.3, patients were put in a "Forgotten Joint Group" or a "Remembered Joint Group." This study included 672 patients who fit the criteria. Of these, 508 (76%) forgot their joints and 164 (24%) remembered their joints at 12 months. Differences in clinical metrics between the two groups were assessed for significance using univariate analyses (t-test, Chi-square, Fisher's exact). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was then used to determine the predictive value of metrics that showed these significant differences. Early results from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement and Numeric Pain Scale were strongly correlative of the twelve-month FJS-12 score, rather than patient demographics. Patients who scored above 65.1 or 72.1 on the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement three and six months after surgery, respectively, or below a 3 on the Numeric Pain Scale three and/or six months after surgery were also favored to forget their replaced joint at twelve months. Identifying predictors of the FJS-12 allows for the recognition of at-risk patients before the 12-month time point, facilitating earlier intervention and improving care after surgery. The scope of this analysis may be broadened in the future to include other arthroplasty procedures, such as for the hip or shoulder.
Objective: Preclinical research and cognitive neuroscience implicate the hippocampus as a critical node in the neurobiology of drug addiction, as is vividly illustrated in this clinical case study. Method: The patient, JD, was a 52-year-old male with a long history of severe cocaine use disorder who sustained a bilateral ischemic stroke to the hippocampus due to a cocaine-related overdose. He was evaluated at the initial injury and at 12-month follow-up. Results: While hospitalized, neuropsychological assessment revealed both severe 2-year retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia with preserved global cognitive functioning. At 12-month follow-up, JD exhibited a similar neuropsychological profile. Most significantly, JD reported full sustained remission of cocaine use disorder at follow-up, without cravings or effort to achieve this outcome and despite intact declarative and autobiographical memory of his past cocaine use. His remission was confirmed by his son with whom he lived. A 12-month follow-up 3T MRI confirmed bilateral total hippocampus volumes in <1st%ile compared to normative nomograms. In addition, high-resolution segmentation of the hippocampus comparing JD to a healthy community sample revealed that the largest differences were in the hippocampal tail , CA1 subfield, CA4 subfield, dentate gyrus, molecular layer, and fimbria of the hippocampal body. Conclusions: JD's case reveals the essential role of memory systems subserved by the hippocampus in maintaining addiction, even in the presence of declarative historical memories. Moreover, although no longer relevant for JD, this case underscores the importance addressing the memory systems in addiction treatment.
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Reports an error in "I forgot that you existed: Role of memory accessibility in the gender citation gap" by Veronica X. Yan, Amy N. Arndt, Katherine Muenks and Marlone D. Henderson (American Psychologist, Advanced Online Publication, Jan 25, 2024, np). In the article, Amy N. Arndt was incorrectly omitted from the author list. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2024-47750-001). Recent studies have found a citation gap in psychology favoring men. This citation gap is subsequently reflected in differences in h-index scores, a crude measure but important one for impact on career advancement. We examine a potential reason for the gap: that male researchers are more likely to come to mind than female researchers (i.e., a difference in memory accessibility). In a survey, faculty from psychology departments in R1 institutions in the United States listed up to five names they considered experts in their field and up to five names they considered rising stars (defined as pretenure) in their field. Results revealed that the proportion of female experts recalled by women generally matched the percentage of more senior female faculty at R1 institutions, whereas the proportion recalled by men was much lower as compared to this baseline. With rising stars, we observed both underrepresentation of women from male participants and, unexpectedly, overrepresentation of women from female participants, as compared to the percentage of more junior female faculty at R1 institutions. For both experts and rising stars, male names were also more likely to be generated earlier in lists by male respondents, but women did not vary in the order in which they listed women versus men. Despite the differences in recall observed in our data, there was no such gap in name recognition, suggesting that the gap is one of accessibility-who comes to mind. Implications and recommendations for psychology researchers are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge causing a foreign-body reaction, is a rare but serious postoperative complication. Despite modern safety protocols, such events continue to occur, often underreported due to medicolegal concerns. We report the unusual case of a 23-year-old woman presenting with a palpable upper abdominal mass and systemic symptoms five years after an open cholecystectomy. Imaging suggested a well-encapsulated hepatic lesion in segment 3, raising suspicion for malignancy. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a gossypiboma embedded within liver parenchyma, requiring anatomical resection of segment 3. Histopathology confirmed granulomatous inflammation surrounding retained gauze fibers. The patient recovered uneventfully. This case highlights the importance of considering gossypiboma in the differential diagnosis of unexplained intra-abdominal masses, even years post-surgery. For surgeons, it serves as a critical reminder of the potential consequences of protocol breaches. Reporting such rare complications contributes to awareness, promotes safer surgical practices, and helps prevent recurrence of these avoidable errors.
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Reminiscence is a meaningful activity for people with dementia, but research implementing digital reminiscence tools into environments with older people is not well developed. This project sought to understand the effectiveness of a digital reminiscence tool in aiding person-centred dementia care with people attending a day respite centre and a group residential home, in metropolitan eastern Australia. This study used semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observations using a qualitative reflexive thematic analysis with seventeen participants including people with dementia (n = 8), their loved ones (n = 5) and staff n = 4) Themes identified were: 1. Remembering myself; 2. Reminiscing the person before and with dementia; 3. Enhanced relationships through self-expression; 4. Person-centred adaptation and the art of the interview; and 5. Future potential. Findings indicate that the StoryTiling app was user-friendly, supported reminiscence activities and enhanced person-centred care. The reminiscence activity enhanced relationships between participants, families, and carers, facilitating a deeper knowing of the person with dementia. The activities supported positive memories and emotions and helped reinforce the identity of the person with dementia in both their own mind, and their loved ones. The information captured in the StoryTiling process enabled person-centred care in improving the ability to know a person and being able to relate and respond to their individual needs, wants and goals. The process was dependent on the 'art of the question' and the 'art of the interview', particularly by people who know the person with dementia and are trauma-informed in order to effectively progress interviews and utilise them within the care environment. Enabling nudge activities that promote person-centred engagement such as reminiscence through digital storytelling may help foster person-centred care in the aged care sector.
Predictive models (a.k.a. machine learning models) are ubiquitous in all stages of drug research, safety, development, manufacturing, and marketing. The results of these models are used inside and outside of pharmaceutical companies for the purpose of understanding scientific processes and for predicting characteristics of new samples or patients. While there are many resources that describe such models, there are few that explain how to develop a robust model that extracts the highest possible performance from the available data, especially in support of pharmaceutical applications. This tutorial will describe pitfalls and best practices for developing and validating predictive models with a specific application to a monitoring a pharmaceutical manufacturing process. The pitfalls and best practices will be highlighted to call attention to specific points that are not generally discussed in other resources.
Shifts from direct implementation to advocacy-based programming have been documented across many non-governmental organisation (NGO) sectors, including animal welfare. Semi-structured interviews with 32 staff from different positions within animal welfare NGOs explored recent programming changes. Maintaining a balance between direct implementation and advocacy-based activities emerged as a strong theme. The findings suggest that risks are associated with both the direct implementation status quo and transitioning to an advocacy-based focus. Risks of the former include treating symptoms rather than root causes of welfare problems. Organisational change can be disruptive and necessitates realignment of core competences, in turn influencing NGO mission. Identified risks of transition include loss of individuals whose values fail to align with new programming directions, increased upwards accountability requirements for accessing institutional donors and difficulties when phasing out direct implementation approaches. Whilst having to be dynamic, NGOs need to evaluate the risks associated with programming decisions, considering their vision, mission and staff identity in order to ensure that welfare programming is as effective as possible.
The Think/No-Think (TNT) task has just celebrated 20 years since its inception, and its use has been growing as a tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying memory control and its neural underpinnings. Here, we present a theoretical and practical guide for designing, implementing, and running TNT studies. For this purpose, we provide a step-by-step description of the structure of the TNT task, methodological choices that can be made, parameters that can be chosen, instruments available, aspects to be aware of, systematic information about how to run a study and analyze the data. Importantly, we provide a TNT training package (as Supplementary Material), that is, a series of multimedia materials (e.g., tutorial videos, informative HTML pages, MATLAB code to run experiments, questionnaires, scoring sheets, etc.) to complement this method paper and facilitate a deeper understanding of the TNT task, its rationale, and how to set it up in practice. Given the recent discussion about the replication crisis in the behavioral sciences, we hope that this contribution will increase standardization, reliability, and replicability across laboratories.
Impaired memory function is a frequent yet understudied symptom in kidney transplant recipients. In part, this knowledge gap reflects the lack of scalable, sensitive, and low-burden tools for quantifying memory function in large clinical populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate a brief, remote memory assessment and to examine memory function and its clinical correlates in kidney transplant recipients compared with healthy controls. In this cross-sectional study, we demonstrate a remote, minimally burdensome memory screener, the Seattle-Groningen Memory Assessment, which estimates a patient's speed of forgetting from paired-associate learning. Participants aged 22-86 years from a large transplant cohort completed an eight-minute online memory test. Memory performance was compared between kidney transplant recipients (n = 556) and kidney donors (n = 408). Associations with demographic, clinical, and physiological variables were examined using regression analyses. Here, we show that the memory score derived from an eight-minute session is a reliable and accurate measure of an individual's ability for long-term retention. Kidney transplant recipients show more forgetting than donors. Memory scores are sensitive to demographic factors, including age and education level, and are associated with self-reported sleep quality, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. On the physiological level, more forgetting in recipients is linked to higher monocyte, neutrophil, reticulocyte, and white blood cell counts, as well as lower ferritin and greater iron deficiency. This work highlights the potential of computational memory assessment as a minimally burdensome and reliable tool for detecting cognitive impairment in complex clinical populations. Such tools may enable scalable monitoring of cognitive health and improve the detection of subtle cognitive changes relevant for disease progression and treatment evaluation. Memory problems are commonly reported by people who receive a kidney transplant, but they are often difficult to measure with traditional cognitive or neuropsychological tests. In this study, we evaluated a brief online memory task that can be completed at home in about eight minutes. The test measures how quickly newly learned information is forgotten over time. More than 500 kidney transplant recipients and about 400 kidney donors completed the assessment. We found that transplant recipients, on average, forgot information more quickly than donors. Memory performance was also related to factors such as age, education, sleep quality, fatigue, and several blood markers linked to inflammation and iron levels. Our findings suggest that short digital memory tests may offer a practical way to monitor cognitive health in people with complex medical conditions and could support future research and clinical care.
Post-hospital discharge primary care follow-up may reduce readmissions. Missed appointments without cancellation, "no-show" visits, may cause missed patient care and system inefficiencies. There is limited research on patient perspectives of barriers to successful completion of post-discharge primary care follow-up visits. In a quality improvement process over 6 weeks, care coordinators called adult patients (N = 36) who had a missed post-discharge primary care follow-up visit with a primary care physician in an academic health system. Of 22 (61%) patients reached, categories of patient-reported barriers were: (1) missed communication opportunities (n = 15) (eg, patient did not know visit was scheduled, did not feel the need to see primary care physician, or forgot); (2) access difficulties (n = 7); and (3) family or work-related issues (n = 2). Most patients completed the rescheduled visit. Continued quality improvement efforts to improve post-discharge primary care follow-up should consider reframing "no-show" visits to address communication and access barriers at the health system level.
Sensorimotor adaptation is a motor learning process that contributes to movement flexibility and is thought to arise from the interaction of fast and slow adaptive processes. Evidence suggests that declarative memory contributes to adaptation through its influence on the fast process. Although adaptation deficits are common following stroke, the mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unclear. This study investigated differences in locomotor adaptation rate and forgetting between individuals with chronic stroke and age-matched controls and examined how these measures were associated with immediate declarative memory performance. Individuals with chronic stroke (n = 23) and age- and education-matched controls (n = 21) completed four 4-minute bouts of split-belt treadmill adaptation separated by rest breaks. Adaptation rate, adaptation magnitude, and forgetting were quantified from exponential fits to normalized step-length asymmetry data. Immediate declarative memory was quantified using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, and associations between adaptation measures and immediate declarative memory were evaluated using robust linear regression. Participants with stroke adapted less (p = 0.001) and more slowly (p = 0.039) than controls during early adaptation and forgot less of the adapted behavior during the first rest break (p = 0.024). Notably, poorer immediate declarative memory performance was associated with reduced forgetting during the initial rest break, irrespective of group assignment (p = 0.035). This relationship supports the hypothesis that declarative memory contributes to adaptation through a cognitively mediated fast process. These findings suggest that cognitive impairment contributes to altered adaptation following stroke and highlight the importance of considering cognitive factors when investigating motor learning mechanisms and rehabilitation outcomes in neurological populations.
Hospice nurses encounter profound challenges that make self-care both essential and deeply complex. This study explored the lived experience of self-care among hospice nurses using an existential-phenomenological approach. Hospice nursing, characterized by its focus on comfort care and end-of-life support, presents unique emotional, physical, and ethical challenges that often lead to burnout and compassion fatigue. Phenomenological analysis revealed 4 central themes: Threads of Trust: Weaving Meaningful Connections; A Full Heart, an Empty Cup; When Caring Hurts: The Emotional Cost of Hospice Nursing (with 2 subthemes-The Cost of Grief and The Stigma and Misunderstood Nature of Hospice Work); and The System Forgot the Caregiver. Participants highlighted the emotional strain of hospice work. The participants shared their lived experiences, emphasizing the emotional demands of their work, sparse self-care practices, and a lack of organizational support. The findings suggest that practicing self-care must be augmented by other actions such as systemic changes, caseload limits, leadership training, and structured emotional support systems. This study highlights the urgent need for health care systems to prioritize hospice nurses' well-being and help sustain compassionate nursing care.
BackgroundThe feasibility and usability of wearables during extended follow-up periods in living environments remain unclear.ObjectiveThis study examined the feasibility and usability of a wearable device for long-term trip monitoring in older adults.MethodsTwenty-five community-dwelling participants wore the device embedded in a belt for two months, returning weekly to the laboratory for battery and memory card replacement and completing technology-acceptance questionnaires. Participants also completed the System Usability Scale and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory.ResultsAdherence was 68%, with 64% achieving the whole monitoring period. The main reasons for discontinuation included week-long trips and needing to remove the device for bathing. About 40% required at-home replacement due to transportation difficulties. Participants reported no trouble putting on the belt, though many forgot to wear it upon waking.ConclusionOverall, the wearable demonstrated good usability, but strategies are needed to improve long-term adherence and address barriers to sustained use.
We sought to identify the challenges of paper-based documentation and quantify the benefits of transitioning to a digital platform for resident grossing competency evaluation. We conducted a retrospective review of resident grossing competency documentation and administered surveys to assess satisfaction with an established paper-based system. Following implementation of a digital laboratory information system (LIS)-based process, we reassessed resident grossing documentation, with a 1-month crossover comparison of the 2 methods and a 6-month follow-up evaluation of the LIS-based method. Overall, resident grossing completion was 37% (745 total completed of 2016 total required) with the paper-based system. Residents forgot documentation "sometimes" (7/17 [41.2%]), "often" (4/17 [23.5%]), or "always" (2/17 [11.8%]); experienced delays in obtaining signatures from attending physicians (14/17 [82.4%]); and reported feeling neutral (6/17 [35.3%]) or dissatisfied (6/17 [35.3%]) with the paper-based system. In the 1-month crossover period, the paper-based system generated 21 competency completions with 3 constructive comments compared with 31 competency completions and 10 -constructive comments collected through the LIS-based process. Documentation levels further increased in the 6-month period following the switch to LIS alone, with means of 97 competencies and 14 constructive comments documented per month. Transition to a LIS-based system led to greater competency completion capture and constructive feedback. The success of the digital LIS-based system was facilitated by using an easy and familiar system with routine clinical workflows.