Sensitive memory paradigms may allow the detection of subtle memory changes associated with early Alzheimer's pathology in individuals without established clinical symptomatology. We explored the cross-sectional association between performance on Tablet-based Cognitive Assessment Tool (TabCAT) Favorites, a brief computerized memory test, with cerebrospinal fluid AT status (A for amyloid-β and T for phosphorylated tau) and its discriminative validity in 727 clinically asymptomatic participants from the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (EPAD) Longitudinal Cohort Study. Episodic memory was also evaluated with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Delayed Memory Index (RBANS-MI). Compared to A-T- individuals, poorer TabCAT Favorites Total Correct (Favorites-TC) cross-sectional performance was associated with an increased likelihood of A+T+ status, but not A+T- status. There were no significant associations between AT status and RBANS-MI. Among individuals with low Favorites-TC performance, AT status predicted progression on the Clinical Dementia Rating > 0. Favorites-TC is a sensitive measure for the early detection of cognitive changes in the early stages of the AD continuum. We explored Tablet-based Cognitive Assessment Tool (TabCAT) Favorites scores and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AT status (A for amyloid-β and T for phosphorylated tau) in asymptomatic individuals. Poorer Favorites performance linked to higher A+T+ likelihood. TabCAT Favorites is a sensitive tool for detecting early cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Most often, when their favorite team loses, sports fans are disappointed by the outcome and hostile to the winning team. However, in the tournaments, they also sometimes voice their support for the team that eliminated their favorite. The present study investigates these phenomena and proposes that fans supporting the team that eliminated the favorite in the tournament is a coping strategy. It is used to help fans mitigate the identity threat when direct competition between the team becomes unavailable. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the psychological mechanisms underlying fans' support for the team that defeated the favorite, from the perspectives of social identification and feelings-as-information theories. The questionnaire was distributed via an online panel company to Japanese professional baseball fans. The items included team identification, collective self-esteem, and negative emotions. The team's loss was manipulated using the scenario. PLS-SEM analysis was conducted in the R software. The relationship between team identification, self-esteem, and supporting the team that won was significant; however, there was no support for the proposition that supporting the team that won acts as a coping strategy. The path from team identification to self-esteem was positive, indicating that higher identified fans had higher self-esteem even after the team lost. Furthermore, the path between self-esteem and supporting the team that won was also positive. Perhaps fans extended their support to promote their division. Contrary to expectations, the negative emotions did not mediate the relationship between team identification and self-esteem.
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has long served as a reference strain in environmental microbiology, biotechnology, and synthetic biology. Its recent taxonomic reclassification as P. alloputida, however, exemplifies the tensions generated by top-down renaming decisions that overlook long-standing community practice. Although phylogenetic analyses suggest that KT2440 differs from the type strain of P. putida, the new name disrupts decades of accumulated knowledge, continuity, and shared identity built around the original designation. We argue that ever-changing taxonomic orthodoxy should not override practical utility, historical coherence, and sense of community. Given the strain's global relevance and the insignificant acceptance of the proposed new name, we advocate for retaining the traditional species name or, if necessary, adopting an alternative solution developed through broad consultation. The case of strain KT2440 highlights the need for common sense and community involvement in microbial nomenclature, especially for iconic species and strains whose names have been part of scientific communication and practice.
Badminton is a popular recreational and competitive sport in Southeast Asia but carries a considerable risk of ocular injury due to high-velocity shuttlecock and racket impacts, as well as spectacle fragmentation. This series reported seven cases of badminton-related ocular trauma. Seven players in this series were predominantly young adults, with men representing the majority of cases. Injuries resulted primarily from shuttlecock strikes, while one patient sustained a penetrating wound from shattered spectacles. Clinical presentations ranged from subconjunctival hemorrhage, traumatic uveitis, traumatic hyphema, and commotio retinae to open-globe injury with corneoscleral laceration. Most cases were managed medically with topical therapy, while surgical intervention was required only for the open-globe injury. Visual outcomes correlated with injury severity, with penetrating trauma resulting in a poorer prognosis. This series highlights badminton playing as a significant source of potentially preventable ocular morbidity and emphasizes the importance of protective eyewear, particularly among spectacle users and young players. Increased awareness and enforcement of eye protection standards may reduce the risk of visual impairment associated with this widely played sport.
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An unwritten expectation in our everyday social interactions is that intimate personal information about someone-"insider knowledge"-is usually confined within close relationships. For example, it would be odd, or even unsettling, if a stranger knew about your favorite movie. Such expectations about who knows what about whom constitute a cornerstone of complex social behavior, but much remains unknown about their cognitive underpinnings and developmental origins. Drawing on parental report (Study 1) as well as a novel experimental approach using controlled but naturalistic videochat conversations (Study 2 & 3), we find that 4- to 5-y-old children have an abstract, theory-like understanding of how social connections give rise to interpersonal knowledge. Self-report, facial expressions, and memory errors provide converging evidence that children were surprised when someone possessed insider knowledge that is misaligned with their relationships, such as a stranger knowing their favorite food (Study 2a) or their own parent knowing a stranger's favorite movie (Study 2b). Children also generated coherent ad-hoc explanations about how someone might have acquired that knowledge, appealing to either first-hand observations or second-hand sources (Study 3). These findings demonstrate an early-emerging understanding of how individual minds are shaped in the context of their social networks, supporting a precocious ability to detect and explain anomalies in what people know about each other in real-time conversations. The current work also opens possibilities for leveraging open-ended online interactions to study social cognition without compromising experimental control.
Cerebral aneurysm is a common cerebrovascular disease with a poor prognosis after rupture. This highlights the critical importance of early detection and risk factor management. Douyin has become an important channel for disseminating medical information, but the quality of video content on such platforms remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the content, quality, and reliability of short videos related to cerebral aneurysm on Douyin. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 100 short videos related to cerebral aneurysm on Douyin (the Chinese version of TikTok). Video characteristics, content, uploader type, and interaction data (likes, comments, favorites, and shares) were extracted. Video quality and reliability were assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tools. Videos were classified by content and emotional tone, and engagement metrics and quality scores were compared across different categories. Correlation analysis was performed between video metrics and quality scores. Videos were generally short (median: 77 s), but user engagement was high. Most videos were uploaded by cerebrovascular specialists. Educational videos scored better on GQS than case-sharing videos, but no significant difference was found in mDISCERN scores. Regarding interaction data, case-sharing videos had significantly more favorites than educational videos, but no differences were observed in other engagement metrics. Videos were further categorized by emotional tone (positive, negative, neutral), and no differences were found in quality scores or engagement metrics across these categories. Meanwhile, positive correlations were observed among engagement metrics (likes, favorites, comments, and shares). Douyin videos related to cerebral aneurysm show high engagement but slightly insufficient reliability in content. Improving video quality is essential to enhance the educational value of health information shared on the Douyin platform.
The rapid expansion of short-form educational video platforms has substantially increased public access to health information; however, the characteristics and quality of videos concerning patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) have not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of short-form videos related to PDA posted on TikTok and Bilibili. The Chinese keyword "patent ductus arteriosus" was used to retrieve relevant videos from TikTok and Bilibili, yielding 140 videos for the final analysis. Uploaders were classified according to publicly available account information. Professional uploaders were defined as accounts identifying the uploader as a healthcare professional and displaying official platform verification and/or an explicit affiliation with a recognized medical institution. Credentials were verified using publicly visible profile elements, including verification badges, profile descriptions, professional titles, and stated institutional affiliations. All included videos were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Because paired reviewer-level ratings were available for the Global Quality Score (GQS), inter-rater reliability for GQS was assessed before consensus adjudication using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa. Video quality and reliability were assessed using five established instruments: the Global Quality Score (GQS), Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), the JAMA benchmark criteria, and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN). Only the first 100 algorithm-ranked videos from each platform were screened, in order to reflect the content most likely to be encountered by typical users, although this approach may preferentially capture videos favored by platform recommendation systems. No independent clinical subject-matter expert (such as a neonatologist or cardiologist) was separately involved in the formal scoring process; instead, the evaluation focused on quality, reliability, transparency, and understandability using established assessment instruments. Clinical accuracy was not independently assessed or adjudicated in this study. A total of 140 short videos related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were included in the analysis, with 57 from Bilibili and 83 from TikTok. TikTok videos demonstrated significantly higher audience engagement than those on Bilibili, with markedly greater numbers of likes, favorites, shares, and comments. Bilibili videos were slightly longer in duration, and there was no significant difference in posting time between the two platforms. Videos on TikTok also achieved significantly higher scores across all five quality assessment tools-mDISCERN, GQS, VIQI, PEMAT, and the JAMA benchmark-and most high-quality videos were uploaded by professional individuals. In the present study, these professional individuals were defined on the basis of publicly visible healthcare-related identity information and platform verification status. When stratified by uploader type, videos created by professionals consistently outperformed those from non-professional individuals and institutions in both quality scores and engagement metrics. Professional videos were predominantly found on TikTok. Correlation analyses indicated weak to moderate positive associations between most quality indicators and likes, favorites, and shares on both platforms, although the correlation coefficients remained low. Notably, the average JAMA benchmark score was approximately half of the maximum possible score on both platforms. Inter-rater reliability for GQS was acceptable, with a single-measure ICC of 0.632, an average-measure ICC of 0.774, and a quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa of 0.630. The overall quality of PDA-related health information on major Chinese short-video platforms appears to be moderate. TikTok and professional uploaders demonstrated clear advantages in reliability, comprehensibility, and communication effectiveness. Platform attributes and uploader background exert significant influence on video quality and dissemination performance. Future efforts should focus on strengthening platform oversight, encouraging greater involvement of qualified healthcare professionals, and standardizing the disclosure of information sources and conflicts of interest. Such measures are essential for improving the accuracy, quality, and trustworthiness of online cardiovascular health information and for better supporting parents of children with PDA and the general public. These findings should be interpreted as reflecting informational quality, structure, transparency, and understandability rather than independently verified clinical accuracy.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an established home-based kidney replacement therapy but remains underutilized, partly due to limited patient knowledge. Meanwhile, TikTok is increasingly used for health information, but the quality of PD-related content on this platform remains uncertain. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of PD-related Douyin (the Chinese domestic counterpart of TikTok) videos retrieved on November 13, 2025. Video characteristics were recorded and videos were categorized by uploader type and content category. Two independent raters assessed each video using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), the Global Quality Score (GQS), the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-A/V), and Peritoneal Dialysis-Specific Scale (PDSS), including a Core PDSS subset. Among 145 included videos, most (143/145) received a JAMA score of 2. Median scores were 2.0 (1.0–3.0) for mDISCERN, 2.0 (2.0–3.0) for GQS, 80.0% (70.0%–95.4%) for PEMAT understandability, 66.7% (66.7%-100%) for PEMAT actionability, 5.0 (3.0–7.0) for PDSS and 2.0 (1.0–3.0) for Core PDSS. Scores differed significantly by uploader type and content category. Videos posted by patients and non-professional individuals had lower GQS, PDSS, and Core PDSS scores than those from professional individuals or hospital-affiliated organizations. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that likes were not significantly correlated with any quality score. Favorites and shares correlated positively with quality and reliability, whereas comments correlated negatively. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that longer video duration was independently associated with higher quality and reliability as well as higher engagement (likes, favorites, and shares). Overall, PD-related content on Douyin is frequently insufficient in reliability and patient education value. Strengthening nephrologist-led production, platform governance, and actionable patient-centered education is warranted. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-50551-w.
To investigate the impact of music and white noise on the pain caused by cosmetic botulinum toxin injections. Seventy-six participants between the ages of 18 and 45 who requested cosmetic botulinum toxin application to the upper face were enrolled in the study in three groups: favorite music (20), white noise (31), and control (25). The first and second groups listened to their favorite music and white noise, respectively, during and 10 min after the procedures, while the control group was exposed to background noise only. The participants rated their pain levels during the procedure and the impact of the sound on their stress level using a visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 10. Additionally, the participants in both the music and white noise groups were surveyed regarding their preferences for sound intervention for future botulinum toxin procedures. The pain scores (95% confidence interval) for the control, music, and white noise groups were 6.80 [6.37-7.23], 5.7 [5.13-6.27], and 5.52 [4.99-6.04], respectively. Both the white noise group and the music group had significantly lower pain scores compared to the control group. Furthermore, individuals receiving botulinum toxin for the first time reported significantly higher pain scores than those who had prior experience with the treatment. Listening to white noise or music during cosmetic botulinum toxin injections can effectively reduce procedure-related pain. However, further studies are required to reveal the mechanism of action of sound applications in pain management during cosmetic procedures and to determine the selection of appropriate candidates and specific application conditions.
Accurate screening for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in children and adolescents remains a challenge in routine clinical settings. This study evaluated the psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Inclusion of Videogame in the Self (IVS) scale, a brief pictorial tool assessing the perceived fusion between self and video game. A clinical sample of 189 children and adolescents (M = 13.0 years, SD = 3.2) completed the IVS, IGD, and Social Media Disorder (SMD) measures. While the five-item scale showed a solid factor structure and reliability, diagnostic accuracy was limited. A single item assessing the "relationship" with the favorite game emerged as a strong screening proxy, correlating with IGD and minimally with SMD. A cutoff score of 3 or higher yielded 100% sensitivity and a 45% false-positive rate. The Single-Item IVS shows promise as a quick, developmentally appropriate screening tool to identify youth at risk for IGD, warranting further validation in broader samples. More generally, the IVS represents the first attempt to conceptualize inclusion of self with an object or activity (i.e., favorite game) rather than with a group or another person.
This study investigates how sentiments in depression self-disclosures by everyday users on Chinese social media influence audience engagement behaviors and discourse themes, specifically examining the role of cultural context and platform affordances in non-Western mental health communication. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzed 535 posts and 17,301 comments from Xiaohongshu (a prominent lifestyle-sharing platform in China). A fine-tuned BERT model quantified sentiment, while multilevel regression models assessed the impact of sentiment on likes, favorites, shares, and comments. Semantic network analysis was employed to map thematic structures within audience responses. Less positive sentiments significantly predicted higher engagement in likes and comments, indicating a community preference for authentic vulnerability over positivity. Sentiment did not predict favorites or shares, a finding attributed to cultural norms discouraging the publicization of "family ugliness". Notably, neutral posts generated higher engagement than positive ones, serving as safe grounds for advice-seeking. Thematic analysis revealed consistent clusters across sentiment categories: coping/resilience, emotional struggles, and health-related concerns. Challenging the assumption that positivity drives support, this study demonstrates that negative self-disclosure fosters deeper engagement and validation in Chinese online communities. While cultural stigma suppresses public sharing, audiences actively utilize comments to provide a stabilized "protocol of care", suggesting that authentic vulnerability is a potent driver of stigma reduction and peer support.
Objectives: To develop an effective learning method for using a smartphone-based slit-lamp microscope (SBSL) and to identify key points to emphasize when coaching individuals with no prior SBSL experience. Methods: This study included 60 orthoptic students: 40 second-year students (control group: 20, training group 1: 20) and 20 first-year students (training group 2). Subjects were instructed to record the anterior eye segment of a patient-role subject using the Smart Eye Camera. The control group was given paper instruction and was shown the demonstration of the SBSL beforehand. In addition, training groups 1 and 2 watched a tutorial video, practiced using the SBSL for 30 min, and received guidance from an expert. Four ophthalmologists evaluated the recordings based on the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, pupil including iris, lens, and anterior chamber depth. Results: ANOVAs showed significant differences among groups for all items. The control group had significantly lower scores than both training groups, while no significant differences were found between training groups 1 and 2. Principal component analysis of training groups 1 and 2 showed that the first principal component accounted for 74.36% of the variance. The second principal component accounted for 10.71%, with a wide range of loadings (anterior chamber depth of 0.7780 to conjunctiva of -0.5585), implying the existence of different favorite focusing depths within subjects. Conclusions: A coaching program consisting of tutorial video learning, a 30 min hands-on trial, and feedback is effective in helping individuals without an ophthalmological background acquire anterior segment imaging skills using SBSL. Comprehensive focusing across the entire anterior segment should also be emphasized.
At the start of a Molecular Cell Biology course, 66 students from the biomedical track introduced themselves by identifying with a specific cell component. On the final exam, they were asked once again to name their favorite cell component at that moment-this time providing concrete details based on what they had learned throughout the course. Remarkably, the students named no fewer than 21 distinct components. Popular choices included mitochondria (20 students), the cytoskeleton (7), and the cytoplasm and ribosome (5 each), while more unusual responses featured the flagellum and GPCR receptors. Although the question called for a scientific explanation, only 20 students provided purely scientific answers. A total of 11 students responded with purely associative descriptions, without linking their choice to biological function. The remaining 35 students offered hybrid responses, blending newly acquired cell biology knowledge with personal reflections. The students connected cellular features to broader themes such as personality, personal growth, adaptability, relationship maintenance, organizational skills, hobbies such as physical exercise, and gastronomy. These findings show that cellular features and functions evoke a wide range of associations with aspects that are important in the lives of undergraduate students.
Members of the broad family of Strychnos alkaloids have been the favorite molecules for the development and evaluation of new NMR methods for many years, including the establishment of the 1H-15N two-dimensional NMR methods. The present study is an effort to computationally evaluate the 15N chemical shift behavior of eight members of this structurally diverse group of indole alkaloids. The molecules range from relatively "simple" strychnine and brucine and their respective N-oxides to molecules as complex as vinorelbine, a synthetic analog used in cancer chemotherapy, and sungucine, a naturally occurring complex dimeric member of the family. The 20 15N chemical shifts in this study afforded a CMAE of 2.96 ppm and an RMSD of 3.50 ppm, with the data affording a correlation coefficient, r = 0.997.
This study aims to evaluate the quality and reliability of short videos related to premature ovarian failure on two major Chinese short video platforms, TikTok and Bilibili. A total of 231 videos related to premature ovarian failure (133 from TikTok and 98 from Bilibili) were analyzed up until March 25, 2025. The video quality was evaluated using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), the modified DISCERN instrument (mDISCERN), and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) scoring system. Creator categories, content categories, duration, and interaction metrics (likes, comments, shares) were collected and statistically analyzed. In the overall correlation analysis, there was a high positive correlation between interaction metrics ( r >0.7, P <0.05), whereas no significant correlation was found with video duration. A weak correlation was observed between quality scores and interaction metrics. TikTok was dominated by professional individuals (90.23% were verified users), and the content was primarily disease-related (67.67% was knowledge-based), whereas Bilibili was mainly composed of nonprofessional individuals (76.53%) with more diversified themes (such as lifestyle content accounting for 35.71%). The quality and reliability scores of TikTok videos were significantly higher than those of Bilibili (GQS median: 3.0 vs. 2.0; mDISCERN: 3.0 vs. 2.0; JAMA score: 1.0 vs. 0.0; P <0.001). TikTok videos were significantly shorter in duration than Bilibili videos ( P <0.001), and interaction metrics (likes, comments, shares, favorites) were significantly higher. TikTok performs better than Bilibili in terms of the dissemination of information on premature ovarian failure on online video platforms, although the overall quality is not ideal. The quality of videos uploaded by verified medical professionals can be considered relatively reliable. Optimizing platform algorithms to prioritize content from verified creators and standardizing content guidelines are crucial for information seekers to make informed medical decisions and improve public health literacy.
Dramatization is widely used in health-related short videos to enhance engagement and health outcomes. However, its educational value remains underexplored in health communication. This study combined content analysis and experimental design to examine how dramatic signs and dramatic structure influence engagement (likes, comments, shares, and favorites) and knowledge acquisition. Study 1 analyzed 841 health-related Douyin videos to assess the prevalence and effects of five dramatic signs (scene, auditory, visual, actor, and act) and dramatic structure. Results showed that visual and actor signs significantly increased engagement. However, their interaction revealed diminishing returns. Dramatic structure independently enhanced several engagement outcomes. Study 2 employed a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experimental design to examine engagement intentions and knowledge acquisition. Consistent with Study 1, visual and actor signs increased engagement intentions with diminishing returns. No main effects emerged for knowledge acquisition. However, actor×structure interaction revealed a crossover effect: actor sign enhanced learning when structure was absent but impaired learning when structure was complete. Regression analysis showed that commenting intention negatively predicted knowledge acquisition, an effect that intensified as sharing intention increased. Conversely, sharing intention positively predicted knowledge only when other engagement intentions were low. These findings indicate that dramatization enhances engagement but yields conditional and sometimes counterproductive effects on learning.
This study aims to evaluate the information quality and reliability of Exercise-Induced Fatigue short videos on Douyin and to analyze their associations with video sources, content themes, and user engagement metrics. In this cross-sectional study, user engagement data from 190 Douyin videos were extracted using the Octopus web-scraping tool. Two independent reviewers evaluated video quality and reliability using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the modified DISCERN instrument (mDISCERN). The findings revealed that a majority of the videos (77.37%) were created by Non-professional Individuals. Although videos from Professional Individuals or Organizations demonstrated significantly higher quality and reliability (p < 0.001), their user engagement did not significantly differ from that of non-professional videos. The most popular content theme was Clinical Manifestations, yet this category represented an area of notably lower information quality (median GQS: 2 out of 5, IQR: 1-3; p < 0.001). Overall information reliability was insufficient (median mDISCERN: 2 out of 5, IQR: 1-3), with critical deficiencies in "mentioning uncertainties" (1.05%) and "providing additional resources" (25.26%). A key finding was that video quality and reliability were significantly negatively correlated with the number of Comments (GQS: ρ = -0.24, p = 0.001; mDISCERN: ρ = -0.18, p = 0.012), while no significant correlations were observed with other engagement metrics (Likes, Favorites, or Shares). Despite the high popularity of Exercise-Induced Fatigue content on Douyin, the platform suffers from overall low information quality and structural imbalances. High-engagement content themes tend to exhibit low informational value, and the misalignment between user interaction and information reliability poses potential risks to the public information environment. Collaborative efforts are urgently needed to improve content quality and optimize the digital health information environment.
This study examined biases in the depiction of foreign and non-standard accents in children's media, and how they align with children's own biases (data collected 2021-2022 in the Greater Toronto Area). An analysis of two generations of North American children's media (105 older and newer films/TV series) found that foreign and non-standard accents are disproportionately used to depict villains, with no evidence of this bias decreasing over time (Experiment 1). When tasked with casting voice actors for cartoon characters, 8-year-olds (N = 91, 49 girls, 42 boys, ethnically diverse) and adults (N = 80, 70 women, 10 men, MAge = 41) found foreign-accented actors more suitable for villains than local accents (Experiment 2); additionally, participants exposed to more accent bias in their favorite media were more likely to assign foreign accents to villains. Finally, the tendency to choose foreign accents for villains more than local accents increased with age from 5- to 13-years-old (Experiment 3; an additional 161 participants, 86 girls and young women and 75 boys and young men, ethnically diverse). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that media promotes negative sociolinguistic stereotypes. Decades ago, researchers found that non-standard and foreign accents were underrepresented in North American children's media, and when present, were more likely to be depicted negatively (e.g., as villains) than standard accents. This study found that these patterns persist and are reflected in children's own biases; when asked to help choose voices for cartoons, children were more likely to assign foreign-accented voices to villain roles than standard-accented voices. This bias was stronger among children exposed to media reinforcing such stereotypes, and became more pronounced with age. These findings highlight how persisting negative media patterns may influence children's perceptions of people who speak differently, and raise the question of whether more inclusive programming could foster more positive attitudes.