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Mental health is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of both individual well-being and organizational productivity. However, existing assessment tools in Latin American workplace contexts often lack an integrated approach that captures both psychological distress and positive functioning. This study describes the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Latin American Mental Health Scale (LA-MHS), a 30-item multidimensional instrument assessing Anxiety, Stress, Subjective Well-being, and Sleep Problems in working adults. A non-probabilistic sample of 308 workers from multiple Latin American countries completed the scale online. The internal structure was evaluated through theory-driven and data-driven phases, consistent with recommended practices for scale validation. In the theory-driven phase, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; WLSMV estimator) supported a four-factor correlated structure with acceptable fit, &#x3c7;2 (395) = 1025.76, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.926, RMSEA = 0.072, SRMR = 0.062. Internal consistency was excellent for Anxiety and Stress (&#x3b1; = 0.91, &#x3c9; = 0.93 for both), acceptable for Well-being (&#x3b1; = 0.74, &#x3c9; = 0.84), and below recommended thresholds for Sleep Problems (&#x3b1; = 0.68, &#x3c9; = 0.69). A preliminary brief version (LA-MHS-12) was derived, showing acceptable fit in the same sample, although results should be interpreted cautiously due to potential overfitting. In the data-driven phase, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in a training subsample identified a three-factor structure (Anxiety, Stress including sleep problems, and Well-being), which was subsequently supported in an independent testing subsample (CFA: CFI = 0.927, TLI = 0.920, RMSEA = 0.083, SRMR = 0.078). Reliability estimates were excellent for Anxiety (&#x3b1; = 0.91, &#x3c9; = 0.93) and Stress including sleep problems (&#x3b1; = 0.91, &#x3c9; = 0.93) and good for Well-being (&#x3b1; = 0.80, &#x3c9; = 0.81). Competing models (higher-order and bifactor) were also examined but did not provide clear advantages in terms of interpretability. Overall, the LA-MHS demonstrates promising initial psychometric properties, particularly for anxiety and stress. However, further refinement of the well-being and sleep dimensions and additional validation in independent samples are required.

Physical fitness levels among Chinese college students have declined in recent years, representing a growing public health concern. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient exercise modality with well-documented physiological benefits; however, validated HIIT training modules specifically tailored for Chinese college students remain limited. This study aimed to develop and establish the content validity of a bodyweight-based HIIT training module tailored for Chinese college students. This methodological study employed a modified Delphi technique. HIIT movements were identified through a systematic literature review of studies published between 2014 and 2025. In the first round, 10 college physical education teachers screened the identified movements for feasibility and practicality. In the second round, nine experts evaluated the retained movements using Lawshe's method to determine the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and a four-point Likert scale to assess the Content Validity Index (CVI). Movements meeting the predefined validity thresholds were retained. Twenty eligible studies were included, from which 48 HIIT movements were extracted. Following expert screening, 36 movements were excluded. Of the remaining 12 movements, eight (High Knees, Jumping Lunges, Jumping Jacks, Bodyweight Squats, Burpees, Butt Kicks, Mountain Climbers, and Push-ups) met the predefined criteria and were retained. All retained movements demonstrated acceptable item-level validity (I-CVI &#x2265; 0.78), and the overall scale-level validity was excellent (S-CVI = 0.976), indicating strong expert agreement. This study developed a bodyweight-based HIIT training module with excellent content validity for Chinese college students. The content-validated module provides a structured and accessible framework for exercise implementation and may serve as a foundation for future intervention studies to evaluate its effectiveness in improving physical fitness and related health outcomes.

Exhaled breath analysis, situated at the intersection of nanomaterial science, analytical chemistry, and clinical diagnostics, is a transformative noninvasive diagnostic technology. However, the ultratrace concentration (ppb-ppm scale) and complex matrix of biomarkers such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) in exhaled breath impose stringent challenges for detection technologies. In this work, we successfully synthesized In2O3-N nanorods with well-defined O-In-N asymmetric active sites via a hydrothermal method and subsequent calcination. The effects of nitrogen doping concentration on the microstructure and gas-sensing properties were systematically investigated, and the optimal doping content was determined. At 80 &#xb0;C, the In2O3-N sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance toward nitrogen dioxide. Its response reaches 4.5-2 ppm of NO2, approximately 2.2 times that of pristine In2O3. Additionally, it displays excellent selectivity toward NOx (negligible response to non-NOx interfering gases) and good stability (response fluctuation <5% in five cycles). Considering the high humidity in practical detection environments, we further evaluated its humidity resistance. The sensor operates stably over a wide humidity range and possesses strong capability against humidity interference. DFT calculations reveal that the enhanced performances result from two key factors. One is that nitrogen treatment increases the concentration of oxygen vacancies, thereby providing abundant adsorption sites. The other is that in the O-In-N asymmetric sites, electrons transfer from the N atom to the In atom, strengthening the orbital interactions between the In atom in In2O3-N and the N atom in NO2. The In2O3-N-based sensors were further integrated into a portable device for noninvasive pneumonia detection. Clinical tests on 40 exhaled breath samples show that the sensor can effectively distinguish between the two groups of people, with 100% accuracy for pneumonia patients and 80% accuracy for healthy individuals, which is further verified by 3D principal component analysis (PCA) with good separation of sample points. This work not only provides a generalizable strategy for designing high-performance gas sensors via asymmetric active site engineering but also highlights the great potential of In2O3-N sensors in clinical noninvasive diagnosis bridging the gap between nanomaterial design and translational breath analysis.

Rare diseases (RDs), affecting fewer than 5 people per 10,000, present unique challenges to usual care pathways due to their unique characteristics: rarity and large number of disease entities, heterogeneous clinical manifestations and genetic causes, multisystemic involvement, and high complexity of diagnosis and treatment. This complexity often hampers the setting of appropriate pathways of care, which are not easily identifiable by patients and stakeholders. This ultimately leads to significant delays in diagnosis, lack of timely access to RD treatments and profound inequalities across countries. To overcome these difficulties, European Reference Networks (ERNs) were established in 2017 to facilitate patients' referral to expertise and excellent services, aiming to reduce disparities and expedite diagnosis, standard of care, and treatment for people living with rare diseases (PLWRDs). Since 72% of rare diseases are of genetic in origin and mostly affect children, genomic newborn screening (gNBS) offers a powerful tool to overcome diagnostic barriers by providing early and accurate genetic diagnoses for a wide range of treatable pediatric RDs. Several gNBS initiatives have been implemented across Europe and worldwide. Screen4Care (S4C) is an EU-IHI funded research project integrating gNBS with artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools to improve care for PLWRDs in the EU. The project will offer gNBS to up to 18,000 infants using a capture-based panel (TREAT-panel) targeting 245 genes associated with treatable genetic disorders [ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06549218]. Within this framework, an operational pipeline and a comprehensive step-by-step process in collaboration with ERNs were developed to refer gNBS-positive newborns to the appropriate ERN, ensuring timely access to optimal standards of care and available treatments. We suggest that this organisational and structured health model might be adopted by EU Member States (MS), as it provides a defined clinical framework for identifying newborns with RDs at birth and ensuring they receive the correct care, thereby promoting patient-centred and equitable disease management.

Two-dimensional heterostructures have attracted considerable attention in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution due to their pronounced interfacial effects, tunable electronic properties, and large specific surface areas. In this work, two representative oxygen-terminated transition metal carbides (MXenes) and three typical transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) were selected to construct six heterostructures. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, their binding energies, structural stability, electronic structures, and HER catalytic performance were systematically investigated. The results showed that all heterostructures possessed good thermodynamic stability and favorable electronic properties. In particular, SnS2/Ti2CO2, SnSe2/Ti2CO2, SnTe2/Ti2CO2, and SnTe2/Zr2CO2 exhibited near-optimal hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy, indicating excellent HER activity. Moreover, the variation in Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption from isolated monolayers to heterostructures could be effectively correlated with the work function difference. The predicted trends provided a useful descriptor for catalytic performance. Overall, this study provides theoretical insights into the rational design of efficient, advanced HER catalysts and contributes to the advancement of sustainable energy conversion technologies. As this work is based solely on first-principles calculations, the predicted catalytic activity of the heterostructure should be regarded as a theoretical prediction and awaits experimental confirmation.

In this study, we introduced a portable spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) system that permits rapid, non-destructive acquisition of Raman spectra from bottled Pisco spirits, providing a practical and non-invasive solution for in situ quality control. Pisco, a Peruvian distilled spirit, was selected as a case study because methanol occurs naturally during fermentation and distillation, and the product is susceptible to adulteration. Methanol and ethanol levels in Pisco were determined using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Methanol levels in 94 authentic Pisco samples ranged from 7.4 to 67 mg/100 mL, remaining below the regulatory limits established for fruit brandies. For pure Pisco samples, the handheld SORS device demonstrated strong predictive performance for determining methanol (SEP = 0.003%, Rpre = 0.92) and ethanol (SEP = 1.25%, Rpre = 0.98) content. To further assess model applicability across a broader methanol concentration range, randomly selected Pisco samples were fortified with methanol (0.11-9.85%), resulting in a prediction model with excellent performance for methanol quantification (SEP = 0.17%; Rpre = 0.995). Overall, the SORS-based approach showed robust analytical capability, underscoring its potential as a non-contact, non-destructive technique for rapid quantification of methanol and ethanol in sealed glass containers.

Halide solid-state electrolytes (HSSEs) combine high ionic conductivity with wide electrochemical stability windows, making them promising candidates for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, their poor humid-air stability demands ultra-dry processing environments, severely limiting industrial scalability. Here, we report a water-assisted synthesis strategy to construct a zirconium-based core-shell structured HSSE, Li2Zr1.5OCl6@Li2CO3 (LZOC-H), under industrially viable dry-room conditions (dew point <-40&#x202f;&#xb0;C). By exploiting trace ambient H2O and CO2 during synthesis, a self-derived Li2CO3-rich layer is formed in situ, significantly enhancing air stability. The resulting LZOC-H electrolyte achieves a relatively high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.12&#x202f;mS&#x202f;cm-1 and excellent moisture resistance. Full cell (Ni89|LZOC-H|LPSC|Li-In) shows an initial capacity of 200.4&#x202f;mAh&#x202f;g-1 and retains 93.5% capacity over 1000 cycles at 1&#x202f;C. Moreover, a pouch cell with a silicon anode fabricated in a dry room demonstrates stable cycling (85.1% retention over 300 cycles). This work offers a scalable and rare-earth-metal-free pathway for producing moisture-resistant HSSEs, addressing key challenges in ASSLBs' commercialization.

Magnetic resonance imaging based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (MRI-CEST) has emerged as a powerful imaging technique for mapping physiological parameters, such as tissue pH, with high spatial resolution. This study explores the pH-responsive performance of a novel peptide-based CEST agent, selected among several candidates, when compared with the established contrast agent iopamidol. The selected hLys containing pentapeptide showed enhanced sensitivity and biocompatibility while maintaining an excellent CEST response. In vivo MRI studies further assessed its applicability for tumor pH imaging. The results demonstrate that the selected peptide-based agent displays good CEST contrast variations in response to pH changes, highlighting its potential as a pH-responsive CEST agent. The assessed pH values were very similar to those obtained upon the administration of iopamidol, a well-established pH-CEST agent. Notably, this result was obtained by administering a mass dose of contrast agent that is about 8-fold less than that used in the case of iopamidol. These findings pave the way for the development of peptide-derived MRI probes for noninvasive tumor microenvironment assessment.

A "skeleton-first, oxidation-late" two-step route is reported to synthesize a fused N-oxide (2), featuring a one-pot functionalization strategy introducing nitro and N-oxide moieties. Compound 2 exhibits an exceptionally high density (1.98 g cm-3), excellent detonation velocity (9023 m s-1), and low sensitivities (IS = 30 J, FS > 360 N).

Manganese is perhaps the most electronically versatile element, yet the redox properties, reactivity, and catalytic applications of low-valent Mn0/Mn-I complexes remain underexplored due to the propensity for Mn0 to dimerize, quenching high-energy metalloradicals. We report a series of redox-active monometallic MnI, Mn0 and Mn-I complexes containing a BH2-bridged dicarbene, characterized using a suite of experimental and cutting-edge computational (DFT) methods. Slow electron transfer kinetics at MnI/0 are observed, with computations and electrochemical simulations in excellent agreement with experimental values. Despite the lack of steric bulk at the BH2-bridged Mn0, the tBu groups at the dicarbene provide adequate steric protection to prevent dimerization, with percent buried volume (%V bur) serving as a valuable steric ranking tool. We also show that a %V bur > 83% prevents dimerization for a diverse array of Mn0 complexes from the literature. Ligand sterics of BPh2-and BH2-bridged complexes dictate reaction outcomes when MnI and Mn-I are exposed to nucleophiles and electrophiles, respectively, while Mn0 facilitates the radical cycloisomerization catalysis of 6-iodo-1-hexene at room temperature. This work underscores the importance of ligand sterics in rationalizing reactivity patterns at Mn and provides valuable insights for designing chelating ligands that can selectively leverage MnI/0/&#x2011;I states in redox-mediated catalytic reactions.

Nanoemulsions are thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable colloidal dispersion systems with droplet sizes ranging from 20 to 500 nm. With their high specific surface area, excellent optical properties, tunable rheology, and remarkable penetration ability, these systems demonstrate enormous potential in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This paper systematically reviews the significant advances in nanoemulsion characterization techniques and oil displacement mechanisms. The nanoemulsion characterization techniques are examined, covering a comprehensive multi-scale characterization system from particle size and distribution analysis (e.g., dynamic light scattering, laser diffraction), micro-morphology and structure visualization (e.g., transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy), and interface and surface property characterization (e.g., interfacial tension measurement, zeta potential analysis) to stability and rheology assessment, as well as chemical composition and structure analysis. Furthermore, core mechanisms of nanoemulsions in oil displacement processes are briefly summarized, revealing multiple synergistic enhancement mechanisms including ultra-low interfacial tension and oil film stripping, rock wettability alteration, emulsification and viscosity reduction, improved fluid flow and injection pressure reduction. Finally, prospects for the potential application of nanoemulsion oil displacement technology in the development of low-permeability, tight, and heavy oil reservoirs are described by analyzing the current challenges such as unclear structure-activity relationships, full-chain stability (including storage, transport, injection, and reservoir aging), and environmental safety, and future research directions are pointed out, including clarifying structure-activity relationships, smart responsive system development, artificial intelligence-assisted design, and pilot-scale validation. Clarifying the link between nanoemulsion characterization techniques and oil displacement mechanisms is of significant academic and engineering value for promoting the transition from empirical application to rational design of related technologies.

Lithium is the gold-standard treatment for bipolar disorder, yet its use is often restricted by the logistical burden of regular venous blood sampling and laboratory monitoring. Point-of-care testing (POCT) offers a potential alternative, but evidence regarding acceptability and analytical performance is limited. To evaluate patient and clinician attitudes towards POCT for lithium monitoring and analytically validate a novel POCT device (Medimate Multireader) against a reference laboratory method. We combined patient and clinician surveys on attitudes towards lithium treatment and monitoring with an analytical evaluation of the Medimate Multireader, a novel POCT device. Survey data explored perceived barriers to lithium use and preferences for monitoring methods. Analytical validation assessed accuracy, bias, agreement and reproducibility compared with a reference laboratory method. Most patients and clinicians preferred POCT to conventional venous sampling. Many patients described venous monitoring as inconvenient and disruptive and indicated that they would be more willing to take lithium if home-based POCT were available. Clinicians identified the frequency and logistical demands of venous blood testing as the principal barrier to prescribing lithium. The Medimate Multireader demonstrated excellent analytical agreement with the reference method, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and mean bias and limits of agreement within the predefined &#xb1;0.2 mmol/L performance specification. The potential of the device for patient-operated home-based testing was viewed favourably by survey respondents. POCT for lithium provides a feasible and analytically robust alternative to venous blood monitoring. By reducing the logistical burden of regular venous sampling, a key barrier to lithium use, POCT aligns with National Health Service priorities for digitally enabled community-based care and may support improved access, safety and adherence.

Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is a major immunosuppressive pathogen that causes significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. Conventional detection methods for CIAV are limited by poor timeliness, high equipment requirements, and insufficient sensitivity. To address these challenges, this study developed a novel one-tube integrated RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay targeting the highly conserved VP3 gene of CIAV for rapid and accurate detection. The performance of the assay was comprehensively evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. Its clinical utility was assessed by testing 80 clinical suspected samples, with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) serving as the reference method. The results showed that the limit of detection (LoD) of the developed method was 10 copies/reaction, comparable to that of qPCR. No cross-reactivity with common avian pathogens was observed. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV%) for the time to threshold (Tt) were both below 10%. In clinical sample detection, the assay achieved a total coincidence rate of 97.5%, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96% relative to qPCR. In conclusion, the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay developed in this study offers rapid detection, high sensitivity and specificity, operational simplicity, low equipment dependency, and excellent repeatability. It provides a practical tool for early and rapid diagnosis of CIAV, clinical sample screening in grassroots veterinary laboratories, and on-site epidemiological surveillance in poultry farms, holding significant potential for the precise prevention, control, and eradication of CIAV in the poultry industry.

Large soft tissue defects in the scalp following wide excision of bulky malignant tumors can pose challenges for reconstruction, particularly when the skull or dura mater is exposed or cerebrospinal fluid is leaking. The authors reviewed our experience with using an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap to repair large scalp defects in 11 patients between 2020 and 2025. Patient demographics, indications for reconstruction, flap selection, complications, and outcomes were documented. In 9 patients, the donor vessels were anastomosed to the superficial temporal artery and vein. All flaps survived. A single-pedicle double-island Kiss flap was used in 2 patients. Among the 2 patients in whom the donor vessels were anastomosed to the cervical vessels, one patient experienced a vascular crisis leading to flap necrosis, while the other patient's flap survived. The flap necrosis was successfully repaired using a contralateral ALT femoral flap. The donor site was repaired with skin grafting in 3 patients and with the wounds closed linearly in the remaining 8 patients. In conclusion, the ALT femoral flap achieves high flap survival rates and excellent cosmetic outcomes and is thus suitable for the reconstruction of large scalp defects. Different flap configurations can be selected based on specific conditions. In addition, the fascia lata can be used to repair dural defects. The superficial temporal artery and vein are the preferred recipient vessels.

The ability to access atomically tailored complex peptides and proteins provides powerful opportunities for dissecting molecular functions and advancing applications in chemical biology, therapeutics, and (bio)-materials science. Robust precision-engineering strategies are essential to construct well-defined protein architectures while preserving native folding and activity. To do so, chemoselective bioconjugation techniques have been developed to modify specific side chains of amino acids. This allowed for the selective introduction of functionalities on predetermined amino acids. However, ultimate control can be achieved only through site-selective modifications that precisely define both the nature of the linkage and the exact position of conjugation on elongated peptide sequences or fully assembled proteins. Cysteine residues are of particular interest, as their highly nucleophilic thiols offer excellent chemoselectivity and typically occur in low abundance in their reduced form. Here, we examine chemoselective transformations targeting cysteine residues that have been further refined to occur exclusively at predefined positions within a peptide or protein, thereby achieving a high degree of site-selectivity. This review focuses exclusively on chemical strategies for cysteine modification, offering guidance for future synthetic developments within the field of precision chemistry. Achieving this level of precision requires advanced chemical strategies that exploit the local environment of the targeted cysteine. One approach involves leveraging neighboring functional groups, for example, engaging the thiol together with the &#x3b1;-amine or carboxylate to enable selective N- or C-terminal modification, respectively. In such designs, the cysteine side chain may contribute through transient interactions, direct incorporation into the covalent linkage, or the stabilization of the desired product. Recently, a promising strategy has attracted increasing attention in which site-selectivity is enabled by temporary interaction with a proximal amine, thus being applicable to differentiate also between internal cysteines. Together, these strategies highlight that site-selective protein modification has evolved into a powerful tool for the rational design and functional control of complex biomolecules, redefining what is achievable in chemical biology, therapeutics, and biomaterials science. We anticipate that increasingly routine or user-friendly approaches such as the programmable TriTEx method will further accelerate the adoption of precision biomolecule conjugates in both research and industrial settings.

Influenza-induced respiratory failure is a severe complication of influenza that can rapidly progress to multi-organ failure or even death due to severe impairment of pulmonary ventilation or gas exchange function. Early prediction and intervention can decrease the mortality in patients with respiratory failure. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 182 influenza-positive patients who were admitted in Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University between December 2018 and May 2019. 78 patients with influenza were used for external validation at Hebei Chest Hospital. We assessed the relationship between respiratory failure and demographic characteristics, preexisting diseases, and laboratory test results in the training group. First, the variables of the nomogram of respiratory failure with influenza were selected using Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was developed to predict respiratory failure due to influenza. The accuracy of the proposed model was validated by utilizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curve. The clinical utility of the proposed model was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC). A total of 182 influenza-positive patients were included, with the incidence of respiratory failure reaching 29.1% (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;53). Risk factors contributing to respiratory failure encompassed age, tumor, influenza type, and red cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW.CV). Utilizing ROC and calibration curve assessment, the constructed nomogram exhibited accurate prediction of respiratory failure risk, and the AUC value in the training group was 0.79. Of the 78 patients diagnosed with influenza, 35 (accounting for 44.9%) developed respiratory failure. Using the ROC curve, the established nomogram accurately predicted the risk of respiratory failure, and the area under the curve was 0.73 in the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve verified that this model demonstrated excellent clinical utility in predicting respiratory failure among influenza patients. A nomogram based on the expression levels of RDW.CV, influenza type, tumor, and age was an efficient model for the early identification of respiratory failure in patients with influenza. These results will be useful for guiding the prevention and treatment of respiratory failure caused by influenza.

Since 2017, the European Journal of Neuroscience has featured interviews with 27 female neuroscientists to showcase and celebrate their excellent scientific contributions and to hear their personal stories and advice for younger neuroscientists. Although these women represent different fields in neuroscience, countries, and levels of seniority, their stories share some remarkable commonalities, which we briefly discuss in this editorial. Highlighted topics include: the circuitous route of some of the careers; the importance of having good mentors and belonging to networks; the role of "good fortune" versus abilities and skills; the upsides and downsides of an academic career; some of the aspects in which women's academic careers may differ from those of men; and the advice the interviewees would like to pass on to the next generations. Although it is clear from these personal accounts that some aspects of women's careers in neuroscience have improved over the past decade, other elements seem stagnant. The European Journal of Neuroscience remains committed to equity and will continue to feature the stories of women in neuroscience to inspire future generations.

Trimethylsilyl ethers of monoprotected isosorbide derivatives have been subjected to multicomponent Hosomi-Sakurai reactions with allyl trimethylsilane and various aldehydes (aromatic or aliphatic) under the catalysis of trimethylsilyl triflate. This study has allowed for establishing that: (a) the best results are obtained in reactions involving TMS ethers of the endo-OH group; (b) the most suited protecting group is the tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ether. With this ideal substrate, a scope was studied using both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. Good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities were typically achieved with aromatic aldehydes, unless they were very encumbered at the ortho position or strongly electron-poor. With simple aliphatic enolizable aldehydes, it may be useful to use an excess of aldehydes because of self-condensation processes. These results open the way to conjugates of bio-based isosorbide with aldehyde-derived fragments, joined through a very stable ether group.

The occurrence of pesticide residues in pome fruits and their implications for consumer health remain critical concerns in food safety. In this study, 222 pesticide residues were analysed in 155 samples of apples, pears, and quinces collected from T&#xfc;rkiye between October 2025 and March 2026 using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Residues were detected in 76.4% of apples, 86% of pears, and 30% of quinces, with frequent multi-residue patterns and notable occurrences of non-approved compounds. Pear samples exhibited the highest contamination levels, with maximum residue level (MRL) exceedance rates reaching 30%, compared to 14.5% in apples and 2% in quinces. Quality assessment based on the index of quality for residues (IqR) indicated that 96% of quince samples were classified as excellent or good, demonstrating the most favourable profile among the evaluated commodities. Risk ranking analysis further indicated that acetamiprid was the only high-risk pesticide in apples, whereas residues in pears were predominantly medium risk, and all detected compounds in quinces fell within the low-risk category. Deterministic risk assessment indicated that chronic exposure remained well below levels of concern for both adults and children. Under combined pome fruit consumption, acetamiprid and spirodiclofen were identified as the main contributors to chronic hazard index (HIc), accounting for 33% and 13% of HIc, respectively. However, acute exposure exceeded the safety threshold (HQa > 1) in children for acetamiprid in both apples and pears. Probabilistic modelling confirmed right-skewed exposure distributions and highlighted increased risk under cumulative consumption scenarios.