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In the digital economy, social media has become a critical channel through which corporate executives communicate with investors, thereby influencing market expectations and price dynamics. This study examines how CEO social media behavior affects stock price volatility from an information-theoretic perspective combined with deep learning methods. Using Lei Jun (Xiaomi) and Elon Musk (Tesla) as contrasting cases, we analyze executive communication under transactional and transformational leadership styles. Emotional tone, thematic alignment, and diffusion intensity are extracted using BERT and LDA, and incorporated into a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast short-term stock price movements. To interpret the mechanism behind the predictive results, we introduce a novel metric: Semantic Resonance Dissipation Entropy (SRE). Derived from Kullback-Leibler divergence, this indicator measures the informational friction between executive semantic output and market attention. The empirical analysis shows that incorporating these high-dimensional semantic features significantly improves volatility prediction. Moreover, leadership style is closely associated with distinct entropic regimes: Transactional leadership corresponds to relatively stable semantic patterns and low entropy, whereas transformational leadership is associated with higher entropy and greater semantic dispersion. Following Musk's acquisition of Twitter, the previously unstable information environment evolved into a persistent structural factor priced by the market. These findings suggest that the economic impact of digital leadership depends on limiting information dissipation to ensure signal clarity in financial markets.

Feed algorithms are widely suspected to influence political attitudes. However, previous evidence from switching off the algorithm on Meta platforms found no political effects1. Here we present results from a 2023 field experiment on Elon Musk's platform X shedding light on this puzzle. We assigned active US-based users randomly to either an algorithmic or a chronological feed for 7 weeks, measuring political attitudes and online behaviour. Switching from a chronological to an algorithmic feed increased engagement and shifted political opinion towards more conservative positions, particularly regarding policy priorities, perceptions of criminal investigations into Donald Trump and views on the war in Ukraine. In contrast, switching from the algorithmic to the chronological feed had no comparable effects. Neither switching the algorithm on nor switching it off significantly affected affective polarization or self-reported partisanship. To investigate the mechanism, we analysed users' feed content and behaviour. We found that the algorithm promotes conservative content and demotes posts by traditional media. Exposure to algorithmic content leads users to follow conservative political activist accounts, which they continue to follow even after switching off the algorithm, helping explain the asymmetry in effects. These results suggest that initial exposure to X's algorithm has persistent effects on users' current political attitudes and account-following behaviour, even in the absence of a detectable effect on partisanship.

The aim of the study was to clarify how ethnic identity may impact poor mental health outcomes related to discrimination among Arab American adults in Southeast Michigan, USA. 286 respondents completed a health attitudes and behaviors survey. We used structural equation modeling with path and multi-group analyses to examine moderation effects of ethnic identity on the relationship between discrimination and depression and anxiety, and further moderation based on gender. Ethnic identity positively buffered against depression and anxiety associated with discrimination. In the subgroup analysis, ethnic identity was protective for female participants, though not male participants. These findings provide evidence for ethnic identity as a buffer between discrimination and poor mental health among Arab American adults. Mechanisms may include feelings of belonging and social support. The stronger effects for women may be due to their role of transmitting cultural and religious traditions. Future interventions should incorporate ethnic identity as a protective feature for mental health.

Evidence linking household air pollution exposure and blood hemoglobin concentration is lacking. We examine the effect of a liquefied petroleum gas cookstove and fuel intervention on hemoglobin concentration, along with associations between household air pollution exposures and hemoglobin concentration, among pregnant women. We enroll 800 pregnant women each in Guatemala, Peru, India, and Rwanda in an open-label randomized controlled trial (NCT02944682). In 3178 women (intervention=1585; control=1593), we measure hemoglobin concentration and 24-hour personal exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO) at three timepoints (9-20, 24-28, and 32-36 weeks gestation). We evaluate the effects of the intervention on hemoglobin concentration and conduct exposure-response analyses to examine associations between 24-hour personal exposure to measured pollutants and hemoglobin concentration. We identify a significant increase in hemoglobin in the intervention group (0.074 g/dL, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.145) compared to the control group. In exposure-response analyses, each 1ppm increase in CO exposure is associated with a 0.015 g/dL (95% CI: 0.008, 0.023) increase in hemoglobin. In our analyses, neither PM2.5 nor BC are associated with hemoglobin concentration. Further research may be needed to examine the biological mechanisms underlying our findings.

Diabetic foot ulcers are a chronic complications of diabetes associated with substantial morbidity, amputation risk, and reduced quality of life. Promoting the patients' capacity for independent wound care is a key component of long-term management. Although health promotion and supportive-educative nursing approaches are widely advocated in nursing, empirically informed models specifically addressing independent wound care in diabetic foot ulcer patients remain limited, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. To develop a supportive-educative nursing model based on health promotion for independent wound care in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the model development phases. Twenty-two community health centers in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. A total of 130 patients with grade 1-2 diabetic foot ulcers were recruited using purposive sampling, based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study represents the development phase of this model. Quantitative data were collected using validated questionnaires assessing individual factors, support and facilities factors, nursing factors, supportive-educative nursing, patient commitment, and independent wound care behaviors. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares was applied to examine associations among constructs and inform model development. Individual (&#x3b2; = 0.399, p = 0.002), support and facilities (&#x3b2; = 0.227, p = 0.022), and nurse (&#x3b2; = 0.296, p < 0.001) factors were significantly associated with supportive-educative nursing. Supportive-educative nursing was strongly associated with patient commitment (&#x3b2; = 0.724, p < 0.001), which in turn was associated with independent wound care behaviors (&#x3b2; = 0.486, p < 0.001). Direct associations between support and facilities and nurse factors and independent wound care were not significant, consistent with an indirect pathway through supportive-educative nursing and patient commitment. This study proposes a health promotion-based supportive-educative nursing model in which patient commitment functions as a key mediating pathway linking nursing support to independent wound care. These findings provide an empirically informed framework to guide nursing practice and support future longitudinal and interventional research. The Health Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Airlangga (Ref. No. 3664-KEPK), Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Agency (Reference number 1871/070/06354/SKP/III.16/II/2025), and Bandar Lampung City Health Agency (Reference number B/400.7.22/III.02.V/02/2025).

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.Dunal) is an adaptogenic herb known to reduce stress and enhance well-being in adults. This randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of standardized Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) in children with parent-reported concerns related to attention, concentration, or memory. Eight-five healthy children aged 6-12 years were randomized to receive ARE gummies (n = 42; 150 mg twice daily) or identical placebo gummies (n = 43) for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes included attention, memory, and executive function assessed using the Computerized Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS). Secondary outcomes included overall functioning and well-being assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF2 Parent version), Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Fatigue Scale. Safety was evaluated based on self-reported adverse events. Among 73 participants who completed the study (ARE, n = 39; placebo, n = 34), ARE supplementation significantly improved speed of information processing (p = 0.040). Improvements were also observed in delayed word recall (p = 0.038, d = 0.59), Stroop task accuracy (p = 0.021, d = 0.61), Corsi block span (p = 0.013, d = 0.66), and choice reaction time accuracy (p = 0.005, d = 0.75). Additionally, SDSC scores improved, indicating better parent-reported sleep quality (p = 0.035). No significant adverse events were reported. These findings suggest that an eight-week supplementation with ARE is well tolerated and may enhance cognitive performance and sleep quality in children. The trial was prospectively registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2021/10/037126; dated 06/10/2021; CTRI) and the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Reg. No.: ACTRN12621000656831; ANZCTR-Registration).

Although most children and adolescents recover from concussion within several weeks, a substantial subset experience persisting symptoms that can interfere with daily functioning. Early identification of those at risk for persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaCs) is critical for guiding intervention. To determine predictors of PSaCs in children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years presenting to a community practice setting. Community practice clinics. Prospective cohort study. A total of 236 children and adolescents (97 females, 138 males, 1 who did not report sex; age = 14.3 &#xb1; 2.1 years) who sustained sport- or recreation-related concussions. Individuals reported to community practice clinics within 72 hours of sport- or recreation-related concussion. At this initial visit, parents or guardians provided information including demographics, their children's behavior after injury, injury characteristics, and reported symptoms. Approximately 1 month later (median = 36 days [interquartile range, 31-41 days] after injury), parents or guardians were contacted to provide information about PSaCs, indexed using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). Factors provided at the initial visit (demographics, parent- or guardian-reported behavior, injury characteristics, and reported symptoms) were examined as predictors of the presence of PSaCs (endorsement of &#x2265;3 RPQ symptoms as being worse than preinjury) at 1 month using univariate logistic regressions. Factors that were significant predictors in the univariate models (P < .05) were entered into a multivariable model. Secondary analyses examined which factors were predictors of endorsing more (&#x2265;3) versus fewer (1-2) persisting symptoms on the RPQ. Female sex, parent or guardian reports of acting abnormally, parent reports of lethargy, and the initial total symptom score were predictors of PSaCs (P &#x2264; .03). Acting abnormally was the only significant predictor of endorsing more versus fewer persisting symptoms (P = .03). Children and adolescents who are female, whose parents or guardians report them acting abnormally or being lethargic, and those with a higher initial total symptom score within 72 hours of injury may be at increased risk of experiencing PSaCs. Acting abnormally postinjury also may be a risk factor for endorsing more PSaCs. These findings provide information about potential indicators of children and adolescents who may benefit from early, targeted clinical intervention to reduce persisting symptom burden after sport- or recreation-related concussion.

Serum and plasma are widely used in proteomic biomarker discovery, but differences between their proteomes have hindered the integration of data from the two specimen types. Here, we describe a computational approach for bridging between serum and plasma proteomic measurements derived from the aptamer-based SomaScan assay. We aimed to enable cross-specimen data utilization in the context of the PROphet model designed to predict immunotherapy outcomes based on 388 plasma proteomic biomarkers. Proteomic profiling of 7289 proteins was performed on 177 matched serum-plasma sample pairs from cancer patients across three distinct cohorts. Remarkably, 91.6% of the proteins showed correlation (p-value < 0.05) between serum and plasma protein levels, highlighting the feasibility of serum-plasma bridging. Linear scaling factors derived from matched serum-plasma sample pairs were consistent across the three cohorts, suggesting that the scaling factors are generalizable. Notably, the PROphet model maintained its predictive power when applied to scaled serum proteomic measurements. Specifically, clinical benefit predictions and survival stratification based on scaled serum proteomic measurements were similar to those based on plasma proteomic measurements. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of generalizing plasma-based predictors to serum samples through appropriate bridging strategies, paving the way for integrating serum and plasma datasets.

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria, a high rate of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, and altered oxidative metabolism. There are no existing circulating biomarkers to distinguish metastatic ChRCC from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). High-throughput plasma proteomic profiling using the SomaScan platform was performed in 18 ChRCC (including 16 metastatic ChRCC) and 197 metastatic ccRCC patients. Data were harmonized to generate a unified 7K-protein matrix. Differential expression analysis was performed using limma (version 3.62.2). Of 7272 quantified human plasma proteins, 209 were differentially expressed between ChRCC and ccRCC. Upregulated proteins in ChRCC included essential &#x3b2;-oxidation enzymes such as ECH1 (enoyl-CoA hydratase 1) and ECI1 (enoyl-CoA delta-isomerase 1), suggesting increased long-chain fatty acid degradation. Creatine and energy-buffering pathways were also represented, with increased CKMT1A (Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial 1A) in ChRCC. KIM-1 (Kidney Injury Molecule-1) and leptin were lower in ChRCC, consistent with the known upregulation of these proteins in ccRCC. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed an overrepresentation of mitochondrial protein degradation, fatty acid &#x3b2;-oxidation, and respiratory electron transport in ChRCC, suggesting that ChRCC sheds a unique mitochondrial signature into the peripheral circulation. A bootstrap-based LASSO logistic regression restricted to upregulated mitochondrial proteins in ChRCC vs. ccRCC consistently selected ECI1 and CKMT1A. The LASSO model achieved an AUROC of 0.964. Compared to ccRCC, the plasma proteome of metastatic ChRCC is dominated by mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, revealing a systemic metabolic phenotype strikingly aligned with the known histologic accumulation of abnormal mitochondria in ChRCC cells.

Clinical trials have produced inconclusive results regarding the optimal glucose range for a patient with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving insulin treatment. To investigate the optimal glucose range in patients with sepsis in the ICU independent of confounding covariates. Targeted trial emulation of glucose ranges using causal inference targeted maximum likelihood estimation and longitudinal mixed-effects models combined with survival models. Single-centre, academic referral hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Adults fulfilling sepsis 3 criteria with at least three glucose readings and insulin treatment from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database (2008-2019). Five predefined glucose distributions with means at 100, 130, 160 (baseline), 190 and 220&#x2009;mg/dL mimicking current guidelines' recommendations (140-180&#x2009;mg/dL). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Modified counterfactual treatment-policy risks across distinct time-weighted glucose ranges were estimated. Of 73&#x2009;181 eligible patients, 8002 patients with a median age of 66 years (41%&#x2009;women, 67% white ethnicity, 57% diabetes) were included. There was a U-shaped curve between glucose range and mortality in patients without diabetes, but overall, this association was not significant (mean glucose at 100&#x2009;mg/dL with 21% mortality and mean glucose at 220&#x2009;mg/dL with 26% mortality, p-for-trend 0.26). Mortality was lowest at 17%, with mean glucose between 130 and 160&#x2009;mg/dL. Hypoglycaemic events (<80&#x2009;mg/dL) became increasingly more frequent with tighter glucose control 16% at 220&#x2009;mg/dL compared with 77% at 100&#x2009;mg/dL (p-for-trend 0.01). Joint modelling corroborated these results and did not identify covariates that would favour lower glucose ranges in subsets of patients. Our data suggest a U-shaped association of glucose and mortality with an optimal average glucose between 160 and 190&#x2009;mg/dL. These results confirm current guideline recommendations. Together with recent results from randomised controlled trials, intensivists should aim for a liberal glucose range in most patients.

The current study examined suicide and violent crime data for 100 large municipalities in the United States. Suicide occurred more often when high school graduation rates were lower, but paradoxically, better income inequality rates predicted higher suicide, though this is consistent with international economic data. The frequency of mental distress predicted suicide as expected. Communities with higher proportions of black residents were more resilient to suicide, and why this is may be worth exploring in future research.

Post-surgical macular edema is a common cause of delayed visual recovery. Although its occurrence after cataract surgery is well known, the specifics on post-vitrectomy macular edema (PVME) are less readily available in the recent literature. This narrative review identifies a wide-ranging incidence due to heterogeneous surgical indications, study designs, and lack of diagnostic standards in the current literature. PVME requiring pharmacological treatment ranges from 2.0 to 27.3%. Higher rates of macular edema are encountered after vitrectomy for retinal detachment, retained lens fragments, and epiretinal membranes. The intraretinal cystic changes after epiretinal membrane removal, however, often represent remnants of tractional disease, rather than true macular edema. This review elaborates on several patient-related and surgical risk factors, mostly in retinal detachment surgery. Predisposing factors are redetachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, silicone oil tamponades, extensive retinopexy, and macular involvement in cases with a retinal detachment. Patients who undergo procedures for macular holes, vitreous floaters, and secondary lens implantation appear less susceptible to developing PVME. Furthermore, higher rates of PVME are seen after crystalline lens removal, both in combined phacoemulsification-vitrectomy and when cataract surgery is performed after the vitrectomy. Additional research should lead to improved risk assessment and a reduced burden of this clinical issue.