搜索结果：Eating behaviors

Emotional eating is very common among metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) candidates. However, the changes of emotional eating after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), its impact on short-term weight loss outcomes, and sex differences in emotional eating are still not well established. To study the changes of emotional eating changes after SG and its impact on short-term weight loss. University Hospital, United States. 122 patients who had SG were included. Patient demographics, weight loss, and pre- and post-operative emotional eating scores were collected. Emotional eating was measured by the Coping subscale of the Palatable Eating Motives Scale. Of the 122 patients enrolled, 95 completed both the pre-operative and post-operative surveys (77.87%). For the whole study population, the average emotional eating scores decreased significantly from 1.31 ± 1.17 in pre-op to 1.01 ± 1.16 one year after SG (p = .007). Women reported greater emotional eating at baseline and had significantly lower scores after MBS, 1.44 ± 1.17 versus 1.05 ± 1.13 (p = .006). On the other hand, men had much lower emotional eating at baseline and had no changes after MBS, 0.90 ± 1.10 versus 0.86 ± 1.27, (p = .820). Greater emotional eating at baseline predicted greater excess body weight loss one year after surgery (p = .047). Although not statistically significant, there was a sharp increase of intense eating behavior after SG. Emotional eating decreased significantly in female patients, but not in male patients, one year after SG. Patients with higher emotional eating scores before surgery had greater weight loss one year after SG. MBS-induced weight loss may be mediated, in part, by improvements in eating behaviors.

We hypothesized that individuals with chronic spinal cord injury would exhibit altered eating behaviors and lower diet quality, which would be associated with higher levels of psychological distress and decreased functional independence. Cross-sectional study. Tertiary Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital. Fifty individuals with chronic SCI and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Not applicable. Eating behaviors were assessed using the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ), psychological distress using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and functional independence using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM-III). The groups were comparable in age, sex, marital status, and anthropometric measures (P > 0.05). Most patients had paraplegia (78.0%) and incomplete SCI (62.0%). Median time since injury was 11.5 months (IQR, 6.0-21.25), and mean total SCIM-III score was 59.0 ± 20.9. Emotional Overeating and Satiety Responsiveness scores were significantly higher in the SCI group than in the control group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). In unadjusted analyses, several AEBQ domains showed nominal associations with DASS-21 scores; however, none remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. In regression analyses, higher BMI and stress were associated with greater Emotional Overeating. For Satiety Responsiveness, anxiety and female sex remained significant predictors, whereas associations with BMI and stress were not consistent in sensitivity analyses. Individuals with chronic SCI showed altered eating behaviors and lower diet quality compared with healthy controls. Associations between eating behavior and psychological distress should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed in larger studies.

Infancy and early childhood are critical periods for establishing lifelong eating habits. Current practices regarding children aged <3 years often prioritise nutritional intake over food education. We investigated eating behaviours and food education among children aged 6-35 months in Beijing, China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey from June to September 2024 among primary caregivers of children aged 6-35 months recruited via convenience sampling from 388 community health centres in Beijing. We collected data via a self-administered online questionnaire, which participating caregivers completed by scanning the questionnaire's quick response code on WeChat. We surveyed a total of 876 caregivers. Caregivers reported picky eating in 12.7%, prolonged mealtime in 19.5%, and inattentive eating in 16.0% of children. Consumption of unhealthy foods and sugar-sweetened beverages was reported in 38.9% and 20.8% of children. A high proportion of children were classified as having moderate or severe levels of food neophobia (97.0%). Multivariable analysis identified child age, nursery attendance, and caregiver education as key factors associated with eating behaviours and dietary consumption. Although >95.0% of caregivers recognised the importance of food education, only 32.2% frequently conducted food education activities at home. Eating behaviour problems and food neophobia are widespread among children aged 6-35 months in Beijing. Developmentally appropriate food education may help address the awareness-practice gap and promote healthy eating habits.

The MYT1L-related neurodevelopmental disorder (MRND) is associated with global motor and language delay, intellectual disability, behavioural disturbances, epilepsy and frequent early-onset obesity. Eating disturbances have been reported but remain poorly characterized. A systematic characterization of the eating behaviour phenotype is essential to improve diagnosis and management. We conducted a multicentre study including 21 French-speaking individuals with a molecularly confirmed MRND and either overweight/obesity or eating behaviour disturbances. Eating behaviours were reported by relatives using validated questionnaires widely employed in rare obesity research: the Dykens Hyperphagia Questionnaire (HQ), the Trousseau Impulsivity Questionnaire, the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r, adults only), and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for hunger. When available, questionnaire results were compared with published studies using the same instruments. Persistent hyperphagic behaviours were identified in the majority of patients, with the HQ questionnaire highlighting sustained food-seeking behaviours and pervasive food preoccupation. The mean global score was 25.9, indicating a moderate yet sustained hyperphagic profile. CEBQ revealed a strong attraction to food combined with reduced satiety responsiveness and rapid eating. Hunger was reported as persistent throughout the day. In children food impulsivity was less frequent (5/14; 36%) and no correlation was found between impulsivity and hyperphagia severity, contrasting with findings in other obesity syndromes. Among adults, 62.5% had scores suggestive of food addiction (FCQ-T-r&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;50). This study delineates an eating behaviour profile in a symptom-enriched subgroup of individuals with MRND, characterized by moderate but sustained hyperphagia, persistent hunger, impaired satiety, low food-related impulsivity in children but frequent food craving/addiction in adults. These findings support early, age-adapted and multidisciplinary management strategies and highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce the burden on affected individuals and families.

Nutrition literacy is considered an important determinant of healthy eating and health-promoting behaviors. This study aimed to examine the association between nutrition literacy and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors in university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted among university students aged 18-25 years at Gaziantep University, T&#xfc;rkiye. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, the Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA), and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). The final analysis included 400 university students. The mean age of the participants was 19.9 &#xb1; 1.7 years, and 88.0% were female. The mean total EINLA score was 27.90 &#xb1; 3.40, and the mean total HPLP-II score was 128.44 &#xb1; 19.01. Comparisons across nutrition literacy tertiles showed no statistically significant differences in total HPLP-II scores (p = 0.308). In multivariable linear regression analyses, total EINLA score was not significantly associated with either total HPLP-II score (&#x3b2; = -0.003, p = 0.949) or the HPLP-II nutrition subscale score (&#x3b2; = -0.083, p = 0.086). In the generalized additive model, however, the smooth term for EINLA showed a nonlinear association with the HPLP-II Nutrition subscale (p = 0.006). Regular physical activity and consuming &#x2265;3 main meals per day were positively associated with both total HPLP-II score and the nutrition subscale score (p < 0.05 for all). In addition, students in the Natural Sciences had significantly lower total HPLP-II and nutrition subscale scores than those in the Health Sciences. In this sample of university students, nutrition literacy was not independently associated with overall health-promoting lifestyle behaviors after adjustment for covariates. Regular physical activity, main meal frequency, and academic department were associated with HPLP-II scores. These findings suggest that lifestyle behaviors in young adults should be interpreted in relation to both literacy-related and behavioral factors. Future studies may build on these findings by incorporating validated measures of digital food literacy and sustainable eating behaviors.

Nutrition literacy is a key determinant of dietary behaviors and long-term health outcomes, particularly during young adulthood, when lifelong eating patterns are established. Although the Short Nutrition Literacy Scale (S-NutLit) has been validated in several cultural contexts, evidence supporting a culturally appropriate and methodologically robust Turkish version remains limited. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Turkish version of the S-NutLit (S-NutLit-TR) and to examine its relationship with intuitive eating and body appreciation among Turkish young adults. This cross-sectional methodological study included 367 Turkish young adults aged 18-24 years. The S-NutLit was translated and culturally adapted following standardized guidelines. Dimensionality was examined using Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis and bifactor modeling. Measurement invariance across sex and body mass index (BMI) categories was also tested. Reliability was assessed using classical and bifactor indices. Construct validity was evaluated through correlations with intuitive eating and body appreciation. Additionally, mediation analyses examined whether intuitive eating mediated the relationship between nutrition literacy and body appreciation. EGA revealed that SNUTLIT7 (knowledge of national dietary guidelines) exhibited critically low bootstrap stability (33.3%) and ambiguous dimensional assignment. Following its removal, structural consistency improved substantially (Expert Skills: 58.8% to 100%). The bifactor model demonstrated excellent fit (CFI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.062), and the general factor explaining substantial common variance. Scalar invariance was achieved across sex and BMI categories. Nutrition literacy significantly predicted body appreciation through intuitive eating (&#x3b2; = 0.102), with expert skills showing full mediation via eating for physical rather than emotional reasons. The 10-item S-NutLit-TR demonstrates robust psychometric properties and measurement equivalence across demographic subgroups. The integration of network psychometrics with bifactor modeling offers a rigorous framework for cross-cultural scale validation. The scale may serve as a valuable tool for nutritional epidemiology and public health interventions targeting young adults in T&#xfc;rkiye.

A protein-rich and diverse diet is essential for maintaining muscle health, but issues such as eating alone, shopping difficulties, and reduced appetite negatively impact dietary habits in older adults. This study aimed to examine the relationship between eating behavior patterns, food group intake frequency, dietary variety and sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults. The study included 2004 men and women (72.9&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;5.5 year old) from the Kashiwa Study, excluding those with cognitive impairment or missing data. Eating behaviors were classified into four clusters using latent class analysis based on 13 eating-related indicators. Dietary content was evaluated by the frequency of intake across 10 food groups and the dietary variety score (DVS). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using AWGS 2019, and logistic regression analysis compared its prevalence among the clusters. The four clusters were: (1) No preparation difficulty, normal appetite type (64.8%, no difficulties, normal food intake), (2) No preparation difficulty, high appetite type (20.0%, large meal size, enjoys meals), (3) No preparation difficulty, low appetite type (11.4%, low appetite), and (4) Preparation-difficulty type (3.8%, difficulty in meal preparation). The DVS did not differ significantly across the four clusters. However, specific food group intake frequencies differed by cluster; the Preparation-difficulty type had lower intake frequencies of meat, seafood, soybean products, and fruits. Sarcopenia risk was lower in the No preparation difficulty, high appetite type (odds ratio 0.7 [0.4-1.3]) but significantly higher in the No preparation difficulty, low appetite type (2.8 [1.9-4.3]) and Preparation-difficulty type (2.3[1.2-4.3]). Eating behavior patterns, such as difficulty with meal preparation and low appetite, are related to specific food group intake frequencies and sarcopenia. These findings suggest that multidimensional assessment of eating behavior may help identify older adults who could benefit from nutritional assessment and support.

There is a high prevalence of people living with obesity (LWO) and mental disorders, which could worsen stigma. Internalized weight stigma (IWS) impairs psychological functioning and eating behaviors. This study, therefore, evaluated the acute effects of a Mindfulness-based Eating (ME) intervention and the feasibility of incorporating IWS assessment into a randomized controlled trial for adults LWO and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It also explores associations between IWS, device use, and psychological outcomes. Seventy adults LWO and GAD were randomized to a five-week ME group intervention (n = 36) or an asynchronous health educational video control (n = 34). The inhibitory control measured by the Go/No Go test was the primary RCT outcome. Post hoc feasibility outcomes were attendance and completion of the IWS assessment. The Weight Bias Internalization scale (WBIS) was applied alongside measures of body appreciation (BAS2), self-compassion (SCS), anxiety symptoms (GAD7), depressive symptoms (PHQ9), emotional dysregulation (DERS), shame (OAS), early memories (EMWSS), personality assessment (ER5FP), Mindful Eating (MEQ), binge eating (BES), impulsivity (BIS), and device use (smartphone/tablet). Associations were analyzed using correlation, regression and moderation; analyses of psychological outcomes were considered hypothesis-generating. NCT Number NCT06087185. The ME group showed no clear improvement in inhibitory control on the food Go/No-Go task, but resulted in improvements across several psychological outcomes (p < 0.05). All participants completed the WBIS; retention in the RCT was 58.6%. WBIS was positively associated with GAD7 (B = 0.869, p = 0.005) and negatively with BAS2 (B = -0.619, p = 0.005). Device use moderated the association between BAS2 and WBIS at baseline (B = 0.116, p = 0.021), with body appreciation being more protective against IWS at lower device use. ME shows promise for improving psychological outcomes linked to IWS. This study supports the feasibility of integrating IWS measures in trials examining obesity and GAD. Findings highlight the important effect of device use moderates the BAS2-IWS association. These findings can support clinicians and researchers in developing more effective, stigma-informed interventions for individuals LWO, particularly those with psychiatric disorders. CAPES; CNPq; FIPE-HCPA (ROR: https://ror.org/010we4y38).

Subjective food preferences significantly influence eating behavior, and in eating disorders (EDs), these preferences are often altered. Neuroimaging and neurobehavioral studies have revealed atypical brain responses to food cues in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), and these findings may point to disrupted subjective food valuation as a key neurobiological mechanism. This narrative review synthesizes recent findings suggesting that altered reward processing and valuation contribute to the persistence and complexity of disordered eating behaviors. The review is based on a comprehensive search of PubMed and additional citation searching, with study selection guided by conceptual relevance to subjective food valuation, reward processing, and decision-making in EDs. The review begins by outlining the conceptual foundations of subjective valuation and preference formation, followed by empirical evidence of altered reward processing and neural correlates of food valuation in AN, BN, and BED. Studies in clinical populations showing disrupted reward learning and maladaptive food choices are integrated to illustrate disorder-specific patterns. Across EDs, converging evidence indicates disorder-specific alterations in subjective food valuation and reward processing. While AN is characterized by reduced hedonic valuation, diminished reward responsiveness, and increased reliance on cognitive control mechanisms, BN and BED are more strongly associated with heightened hedonic and motivational salience of food cues, alongside dysregulated reward learning and variable engagement of cognitive control systems. The review concludes with a discussion of broader implications, future research directions, and potential clinical applications that emphasize integrating subjective preferences into ED research and treatment. Investigating EDs as disorders of disrupted subjective food valuation offers a unifying neurobehavioral perspective that expands our understanding of ED psychopathology and may lay the groundwork for targeted interventions addressing maladaptive reward processing.

Findings from hypothetical purchase tasks have significant implications for clinical and public health applications. Despite this potential, research using food purchase tasks to assess the reinforcing value of food commodities and relations to eating behavior&#x2009;remains&#x2009;limited. In this systematized review, we sought to synthesize the literature on hypothetical food purchase tasks to enhance standardization, methodological rigor, and suggest future directions for expanding application to promising yet untested areas of eating behavior. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO. The 14 qualifying studies identified&#x2009;highlight the variability in hypothetical food purchase tasks applications and provide preliminary evidence of their effectiveness in measuring food demand across diverse populations. Results underscore implications for complementing clinical assessments and informing intervention efforts. Results also highlight the capacity of food purchase tasks to differentiate demand across specific food stimuli, experimental manipulability, and sensitivity to variations in food demand. Further, results&#x2009;demonstrate&#x2009;convergent validity between demand indices and other validated measures of reinforcing value and eating-related measures (e.g., progressive&#x2009;ratio&#x2009;schedule tasks, binge eating). Heterogeneity in application and reporting across studies could influence results and&#x2009;interpretation, but&#x2009;also demonstrate&#x2009;robust generality in applications. Standardization in administration, analysis, and reporting may enhance rigor and reproducibility.

Mukbang, a global digital phenomenon in which individuals consume large quantities of food on camera, has gained increasing popularity across cultural contexts. Despite its growth in India, limited research has examined mukbang through the perspective of content creators. The present study addresses this gap through an in-depth qualitative case study of an Indian mukbanger and male fitness content creator from Uttarakhand ("A"). A 75-min semi-structured interview was conducted via Zoom with an Indian mukbanger. The analysis generated three interconnected themes reflecting the creator's perceptions of audience engagement: (1) vicarious gratification and appetite regulation, (2) food preferences and non-vegetarian appeal, and (3) parasocial and gendered engagement dynamics. Findings suggest that, from the creator's perspective, mukbang functions as a digital site of vicarious eating, sensory stimulation, and parasocial interaction, through which viewers are perceived to regulate cravings, seek companionship, and engage with culturally embedded food practices. At the same time, the creator's account highlights tensions surrounding the normalization of excessive consumption and the "thinness paradox," wherein high-volume eating is performed alongside maintaining physical fitness. He also highlights how online hatred fuels platform engagement. While the study does not directly examine audience behavior, it provides insight into how creators interpret and construct their audiences within platform-driven ecosystems. These findings raise important ethical and public health considerations, particularly in relation to disordered eating patterns, digital influence, and the responsibilities of content creators and platforms.

Mobile-based dietary assessment tools have the potential to capture real-time eating behaviors and food environment exposure, but their feasibility and usability in workplace contexts remain underexplored. To evaluate the feasibility and usability of the Mobile Sense App among employees and students at the Karolinska Institute. This study employed the Mobile Sense App, which was developed to record dietary intake and food purchasing patterns through photographs and geospatial data. The study combined data from the pre-pilot and pilot studies (n=56). Participants, who were students and employees at a public institution, completed a baseline questionnaire and used the application (app) for two weeks to photograph all meals, snacks, and drinks consumed during working hours on campus. Adherence was evaluated based on the number of photographs submitted over a six-day monitoring period. Usability was assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Image data were manually annotated, ultra-processed foods (UPFs) were identified according to the NOVA classification system, and inter-rater reliability was evaluated using Cohen's &#x3ba;. Food purchasing 'hotspots' were examined through geospatial analyses. Participants submitted n=1178 photographs. Cohen's &#x3ba; indicated strong agreement between independent researcher annotation (&#x3ba;=1.00 for meals/snacks; &#x3ba;=0.91 for drinks). The mean SUS score was 75.2 &#xb1; 12.2. Store-bought meals showed a higher prevalence of UPFs (64%) than home-made meals (13%) (&#x3c7;2 (1)=178.63, p<.001). Global Positioning System (GPS) data indicated food purchases clustered around campus dining areas. Open-ended feedback emphasized the need for reminders, clarity in user interface (UI) instructions, and flexibility in annotation options as desired improvements. The proposed approach is a feasible and scalable methodology for real-world dietary monitoring, supporting further evaluation for larger-scale implementation.

AbstractIn insectivorous birds the reproductive period often coincides with the spring development of vegetation, but whether there is a direct relationship between the two, and through which mechanisms this link could come about, is not clear. Trees release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) when they are attacked by insects, and we test here whether birds use those alarm odors to modulate their behaviors and their reproduction. Using a two-step experimental approach, we first show under controlled conditions that blue tits are attracted to HIPVs mimicking a caterpillar attack on downy oak buds in early spring without having to learn them. We then equipped nest boxes in the field with the same artificial HIPVs. We did not find that birds that built their nest in HIPV nest boxes advanced lay dates or produced larger clutches. However, although this result was not statistically significant, slightly more nest boxes equipped with HIPVs were occupied compared with control ones, resulting in significantly more eggs, nestlings, and fledglings introduced into the population from these treated nest boxes. Our results thus show that blue tits innately detect and track subtle plant olfactory signals, while the link with reproductive decisions appears more tenuous and requires further investigation. Such a link with reproduction is nevertheless in line with recent studies showing that HIPVs can stimulate the reproductive physiology of songbirds and highlights new multitrophic interactions across plants, insects, and birds, an encouraging area of study for understanding adaptations to a constantly changing environment.

Snacks contribute 19% to 34% of daily energy intake, yet studying snacking behaviors faces challenges due to self-report biases. The SnackBox, an automated dietary assessment tool, enables structured measurement of snacking in seminaturalistic settings. This study explored the relationships between snacking and perceived stress (case study 1) and physical activity (case study 2) using the SnackBox technology. Forty-seven office workers (n=29, 61.7% female; mean age 28.8, SD 4.1 years) used the SnackBox at work and home for 2 weeks. The device recorded snack consumption (grams and time). Participants reported perceived stress via ecological momentary assessments and wore a Chill+ band and a Garmin wearable to track physical activity. Across the study period, 1455 ecological momentary assessments, 2933 hours of wearable data, and 2199 snacking events were recorded. Participants consumed a daily average of 769 (SD 772) kcal from snacks. Stress did not significantly impact snacking likelihood (&#x3c7;21=0.2; P=.69). Snacking was more likely before vigorous physical activity (odds ratio 2.00; SE 0.39; P<.001). The SnackBox demonstrated utility as a technology probe for exploring relationships between snacking and physiological and contextual factors. This approach enhances our understanding of snacking and supports personalized interventions and predictive models. ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN45046481; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN45046481.

Some granivorous songbirds remove the hard husk of seeds before swallowing. This dehusking behaviour is a complex sensorimotor task that requires precise coordination of the beak and tongue, and extensive tactile feedback. Here, we tested whether the evolution of dehusking behaviour is linked to changes in brainstem nuclei controlling beak-tongue movements and intra-oral somatosensory inputs. We measured the volumes of the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (PrV), as well as the trigeminal and facial motor nucleus, across 92 passerine species. We found that species that dehusk seeds have enlarged sensory, but not motor nuclei. This selective enlargement is best predicted by the presence of seed dehusking behaviour rather than by the percentage of seeds in the diet or beak shape. Moreover, seed dehusking species display a disproportionate expansion of the lingual representation within PrV, indicating enhanced somatosensory processing of tactile inputs from the tongue. These results suggest that the evolution of dehusking in songbirds is associated with increased sensory, rather than motor, specialization in the trigeminal system. Our findings highlight convergent principles linking dexterous food manipulation and the expansion of neural substrates for haptic feedback across vertebrates.

This exploratory observational study examined associations between behavioral patterns and hospitalization using geographic analysis of human mobility data. Anonymized GPS-based location data were obtained from users of a mobile location data platform in the Tokyo South Medical Region (Shinagawa and Ota wards) between April 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Behavioral patterns, including eating-out frequency and healthcare facility visits, were inferred from movement data. Hospitalization was defined as a hospital stay of at least two consecutive days, identified based on location trajectories. The primary endpoint was the association between eating-out behavior and hospitalization during the observation period. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Venn diagrams were used to illustrate overlapping behavioral characteristics between groups, complementing regression-based analyses by visualizing behaviors that are difficult to capture through average regression effects and by supporting hypothesis generation. In total, 647 participants were included, of whom 580 were classified as outpatients, whereas 67 experienced hospitalization during the study period. Higher odds of hospitalization were observed only among participants who ate out more than eight times per month, compared with those who ate out less frequently (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.05-3.43). No clear association was observed for the other eating-out frequency categories, with confidence intervals that included the null value. Venn diagram analyses suggested that individuals with both frequent outpatient visits and frequent eating-out behavior were more prevalent in the hospitalized group. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of mobile phone-derived mobility data for identifying behavioral patterns associated with hospitalization. However, given the observational design, reliance on indirect behavioral proxies, and missing demographic information (including age and sex), the results should be interpreted with caution. Further studies integrating detailed clinical and demographic data are needed to clarify causal relationships and evaluate the applicability of mobility-based behavioral indicators in healthcare settings.

Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) often suffer from a broad range of extrahepatic symptoms including fatigue and pruritus. However, evaluating behavioral abnormalities in preclinical mouse models remains challenging due to the limitations of conventional short-duration behavioral tests. This study aimed to comprehensively profile 24-hour behaviors of a MASH mouse model using a high-resolution, artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach. C57BL/6J mice were fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet from 6 weeks of age. We recorded videos across the dark/light phases at 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks of age and analyzed behaviors using a novel AI-based behavioral analysis system. Twenty-four-hour behavioral analysis revealed that this model exhibited decreased locomotor activity alongside increased grooming and scratching behaviors as steatohepatitis progressed. These mice also exhibited altered eating-drinking rhythms and rearing patterns. Notably, these behavioral changes may reflect symptoms observed in patients with MASH; for instance, the reduction in locomotor activity is indicative of a fatigue-related phenotype. This comprehensive profiling highlights that AI-based behavioral analysis can identify novel behavioral phenotypes, effectively bridging the gap between mouse models and humans.

People with HIV (PWH) experience a persistent symptom burden that negatively affects quality of life and daily functioning. Evidence examining modifiable lifestyle behaviors that may mitigate symptoms is limited. We examined longitudinal associations between objectively measured physical activity, diet quality, and symptom burden in PWH. PROSPER-HIV enrolled adults with well-controlled HIV receiving care at four Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems sites in the United States. Participants completed annual assessments, including physical activity levels using actigraphy, dietary intake measured with three 24-h recalls generating the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and symptom burden with the HIV Symptom Index. Linear mixed models evaluated associations adjusting for age, sex at birth, race/ethnicity, and site. Among 704 participants (mean age, 52.7&#x2009;years; 78% male; 52% non-Hispanic Black), symptom burden remained stable over follow-up. Participants averaged 5426&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;3149 steps/day, 164 (IQR, 67-311) minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and an HEI-2015 score of 48.1&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;14.6. The most prevalent bothersome symptoms were muscle aches/joint pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and trouble remembering. More steps/day were associated with fewer bothersome symptoms (&#x3b2; = -0.59 steps; P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.01), whereas more sedentary time was associated with higher symptom burden (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.64; P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.01). Higher diet quality was associated with lower symptom burden (&#x3b2; = -0.20; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.01). Duration of MVPA and light physical activity were not associated with symptom burden. Among adults with well-controlled HIV, a higher daily step count, less sedentary time, and better diet quality were associated with lower symptom burden, highlighting critical lifestyle behaviors to support symptom management in HIV care. Among adults with well - controlled HIV, objectively measured higher daily steps and better diet quality, but not weekly moderate - to - vigorous physical activity, were associated with lower symptom burden over three years. Achievable targets to improve persistent, clinically meaningful symptoms in HIV care were identified. ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT03790501].