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In this work, MoS2 was prepared as a supporting matrix for Pt via a hydrothermal method using different solvents, and the electrocatalytic activity of Pt/MoS2 for the ethanol oxidation reaction was investigated. To understand the influence of MoS2 on Pt, the catalyst was evaluated through both physical and electrochemical characterization. In addition, in situ electrochemistry-nuclear magnetic resonance, leveraging its advantages in structural analysis and real-time monitoring, was employed to track molecular changes in reaction products and to clarify the reaction mechanism of ethanol oxidation. The results demonstrate that the solvent has a large effect on the property of Pt/MoS2. The Pt/MoS2 hybrid fabricated in the solvent of DMF:H2O = 2:1 shows a significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared with the other three kinds of catalyst due to the special structure and the enhancing electron transport. This work provides an effective strategy for studying the role of the solvent in the synthetic process.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.6c00026.].

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga long studied as a biological model system but rarely considered from the perspective of its own ecology, thus epitomizing the disconnection between reductionist biology in the laboratory and life in nature. Here we present insights into its ecology understood from field strains. We examined bacterial communities that coenriched with C. reinhardtii from the field, revealing specific associations. We then compared the biology of C. reinhardtii field strains to laboratory strains, illuminating strain level heterogeneity and adaptations to life in the field vs. laboratory. Field strains exhibited more robust photosynthesis, higher abundances of pherophorin proteins, a propensity for pallmeloid formation, and high cell wall permeability. Finally, we phenotyped cocultures of C. reinhardtii with a coenriched bacterial partner, demonstrating how differences between field and laboratory strains manifest in biotic interactions. Although the organisms in question are classically understood as unicellular, our observations of field strains highlighted their participation in multicellular units, challenging the utility of unicellular frameworks in extending our knowledge of model organism biology in the laboratory towards understanding microbial ecology.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is driven by a self-amplifying interplay between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, in which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage-induced activation of the cGAS-STING pathway plays a central role. Strategies that solely eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) are insufficient to suppress downstream inflammatory cascades. Here, we report a pair of chiral dual-functional single-atom nanoagents that can simultaneously scavenge ROS and sequester leaked mtDNA. A diazonium-enabled post-synthetic modification strategy is employed to graft benzoic acid linkers onto a single-atom catalyst, enabling covalent conjugation of nona-arginine peptides with opposite chirality (L-/D-R9). The resulting constructs are further encapsulated by KLVFFAED peptides and tannic acid to yield L-/D-TKRM, conferring blood-brain barrier permeability and mitochondrial targeting. Both L- and D-TKRM effectively scavenge ROS and preserve mitochondrial function in Aβ-stimulated microglia, while D-TKRM exhibits enantioselectively prolonged mtDNA capture, more efficient suppression of cGAS-STING signaling, enhanced M2 microglial polarization, and superior neuroprotection. In vivo studies have demonstrated that these two nanoagents rescue cognitive function in 3 × Tg-AD mice, with D-TKRM showing better efficacy accompanied by reduced amyloid pathology, microglial activation, and neuronal loss. This work highlights diazonium chemistry as a new, versatile single-atom functionalization strategy and underscores that chirality is important for developing effective therapeutic agents for AD treatment.

Flooding is typically perceived as a sudden and unpredictable hazard. Here, we show that recurrent flooding can occur at highly predictable times in tidally dominated coastal systems. This predictability stems from phase-locking of tidal constituents and constituent pairs with the solar day, causing peak tides to recur at consistent local times set by regional tidal propagation. Using tide-gauge records from the United States and the United Kingdom, we quantify the intraday timing of coastal flood events and show strong clustering at specific hours, particularly where semidiurnal or mixed tides dominate. For example, floods in Boston cluster around noon and midnight, whereas in southern California they occur in the morning. Sites with stronger non-tidal variability show weaker clustering. This temporal predictability extends beyond nuisance flooding to larger consequential events involving inundation, road closures and infrastructural damage, highlighting opportunities for anticipatory risk communication, emergency planning and time-sensitive coastal adaptation.

The evolution of insect sensory and signalling systems has played a key role in arthropod diversification, yet direct fossil evidence illuminating their early history remains rare. Lampyroids, including fireflies and their relatives, are notable for their elaborately modified antennae and bioluminescence. These characteristics make them an exceptional model for understanding the coevolution of sensory and signalling modalities. Here we describe Icaroramus perisi gen. et sp. nov. from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, a lampyroid beetle tentatively placed within Cretophengodidae. Icaroramus is exceptional in possessing both extraordinarily elaborate antennae and a well-developed photic organ. Its 12-segmented quadriheteroramose antennae represent an antennal architecture unknown among extant and fossil beetles. Functionally, these antennae likely combined an expanded olfactory surface area with differentiated sensory fields, enhancing the detection of pheromonal cues. Mate location was therefore probably mediated primarily by pheromones, whereas bioluminescence may have retained its plesiomorphic role in aposematic defence. This discovery expands the known morphological and ecological diversity of Cretaceous lampyroids and provides new insight into the origins of complex signalling strategies in fireflies and their relatives.

Rare earth elements (REEs), or lanthanides, are naturally occurring elements, whose demand has surged in recent years, driven by their use in green energy, electronics, and medical technologies. Despite their expanding applications, knowledge on REEs pollution, bioaccumulation patterns, and environmental dynamics in marine ecosystems remains limited, and regulatory thresholds are still lacking. This study investigates the distribution and bioaccumulation of REEs along the Mediterranean coasts, encompassing the Tyrrhenian, Ionian, and Adriatic Seas. Juvenile and adult individuals of the edible bivalve Donax trunculus and associated sediments were analyzed to assess REE pollution along the Italian coastline. The ΣREE concentrations in wedge clam tissues reached a maximum of 1.55 μg g-1, whit the highest value recorded at the Lesina site when both life stages were considered together, while sediment concentrations reached up to 68.2 μg g-1. Notably, REE concentrations did not differ significantly between juvenile clams and adults, suggesting comparable accumulation patterns and potential vulnerability in both life stages. Shale-normalized REE patterns revealed pronounced gadolinium (Gd) anomalies at all sampling sites, indicating a substantial anthropogenic contribution. D. trunculus proved to be an effective sentinel species for REE monitoring, as tissue concentrations were positively correlated with sediment levels and reflected local environmental pressures, including population density, riverine inputs, wastewater treatment plant discharges, and coastal urbanization. Overall, the accumulation of REEs in both biota and sediments highlights the urgent need to expand research on these emerging contaminants, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea, considering their increasing use and potential environmental and food-security risks.

Asymmetric (transfer) hydrogenation of olefins is an important route to chiral molecules used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. Although this transformation is well established with ruthenium-, rhodium-, and iridium-based catalysts, analogous reactions catalyzed by earth-abundant metals remain limited, particularly for acyclic olefins. Here we report a manganese catalytic system that enables highly enantioselective reduction of both cyclic and acyclic olefins, delivering diverse chiral products in up to 99% yield and >99% ee. Density functional theory (DFT) studies indicate that the reaction proceeds predominantly through a concerted hydrogen-transfer pathway involving a six-membered transition state. These results expand the scope of manganese-catalyzed asymmetric olefin transfer hydrogenation and provide mechanistic insight into hydrogen transfer by base-metal catalysts.

Arctic and boreal regions are experiencing rapid environmental changes that include thawing permafrost and increasing disturbances. The NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) sought to better understand these changes through field, airborne, and remote sensing measurements. One key airborne instrument was the Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS), a wide-swath imaging laser altimeter system. LVIS conducted 32 flights during June-August periods of 2017 and 2019, capturing data across more than 91,000 km² of diverse Arctic and boreal ecosystems. The surface topography and vegetation structure data collected throughout Alaska and Northwestern Canada spans boreal forests to Arctic tundra, crossing 12 distinct ecoregions. This airborne collection enables direct comparison with coincident NASA Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) data, extends research beyond the ~52° N limit of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) sensor, and provides precursor data for future satellite missions, such as NASA's recently selected Earth Dynamics Geodetic Explorer (EDGE). We summarize detailed information on LVIS data records from ABoVE deployments, including access and visualization using custom open source tools.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative bacteria represents a major global public health challenge, severely limiting therapeutic options and increasing morbidity and mortality. In particular, the widespread dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales and the emergence of carbapenem-resistant organisms are critical concerns in both hospital and community settings. In Italy, particularly in southern regions, high rates of multidrug-resistant pathogens have been reported. A total of 145 non-duplicate Gram-negative isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in Calabria, Southern Italy, and analyzed by standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing and endpoint PCR for detection of carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48) and ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M). Carbapenem resistance was observed in 60.7% of isolates, predominantly in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 84.1% of resistant isolates, with blaVIM being the most prevalent (53.4%), followed by blaKPC (34.1%), blaNDM (28.4%), and blaOXA-48 (14.8%); multiple genes were identified in 21.6% of cases. Among carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales, 81.3% were phenotypically ESBL producers. Genotypic analysis showed predominance of blaCTX-M (45.8%), followed by blaTEM (29.2%) and blaSHV (16.7%). Discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic ESBL detection were observed. Also, sequence analysis of ompK35 and ompK36 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates revealed mutations and structural alterations potentially associated with reduced outer membrane permeability. This study documents the circulation of carbapenemase and ESBL determinants among Gram-negative clinical isolates in Southern Italy, highlighting the complexity of β-lactam resistance mechanisms. These findings reinforce the importance of integrating molecular surveillance with antimicrobial stewardship and infection control strategies to monitor the dissemination of multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Spatial resolution has long limited the coupled in situ determination of zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions, particularly in grains with thin growth rims and complex core-rim zoning. We present a laser ablation split stream (LASS) depth profiling approach that enables simultaneous, spatially matched U-Pb-Hf analyses along a single continuous ablation trajectory. During one uninterrupted laser ablation sequence, the aerosol is split and introduced concurrently into a Q-ICP-MS and an MC-ICP-MS, allowing direct pairing of U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic ratios from the same ablation volume and eliminating spatial mismatch. Multiple zircon reference materials yield U-Pb ages, trace element concentrations, and Hf isotopic ratios consistent with published values, verifying the accuracy and reliability of this approach. Uncertainty assessment shows that with a signal integration time of at least 5 s, precisions of ≤6% for U-Pb ages and ≤0.000060 for 176Hf/177Hf ratios are achieved, corresponding to a vertical spatial resolution better than 3 μm. Application of this approach to natural zircon grains recording complex crust-mantle interactions produces age spectra comparable to those obtained by conventional depth profiling techniques and delivers a high proportion of valid Hf isotopic data (93%). This LASS depth profiling strategy successfully characterizes rim growth domains as thin as 1.8 μm in zircon grains, thereby enhancing vertical spatial resolution in coupled zircon U-Pb-Hf analyses without sacrificing analytical precision. The method provides a robust tool for high-resolution age-isotope investigations of complex geological processes recorded in zircon.

The seepage of agrochemicals into surface water and groundwater from treated fields poses a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems. The frequently used fungicide Mancozeb degrades in water into a metabolite, Ethylene thiourea (ETU), which is more persistent and often more toxic, with the potential to impact non-target zooplankton. This study evaluates the acute and chronic responses of abundant cladoceran zooplankton Ceriodaphnia cornuta Sars, 1885, through acute and chronic bioassays spanning six generations of continuous exposure. The susceptibility of C. cornuta neonates from the sixth generation was compared to that of neonates with no prior exposure, using an acute bioassay. Our results showed that Mancozeb contamination negatively affected the survival and reproduction of C. cornuta, and the effect was concentration-specific. Notably, exposure to 1.54 μg/L Mancozeb across six generations resulted in a significantly longer life expectancy at birth and higher reproductive rates. In contrast, the sixth-generation neonates (continuously exposed) had a lower 48 h LC50 for Mancozeb compared to naive organisms (no prior exposure). These findings suggest that continuous exposure of C. cornuta to environmental concentrations of Mancozeb across generations leads to increased sensitivity to Mancozeb in the offspring. This highlights the need for further research on the impacts and evolutionary consequences of commercial formulations on non-target crustaceans.

Aging results in a decline in muscle mass and intrinsic mechanical properties, yet its impact on intramuscular force transmission and fascicle kinematics remains poorly understood. We investigated whether age, sex, and habitual high-intensity athletic training modulate medial gastrocnemius (GM) muscle mechanics in 172 competitive masters athletes (n=108 male, n=64 female; aged 35-90 years). Participants performed ramp plantar flexion to maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) while GM architecture was assessed via B-mode ultrasound. Fascicle length, pennation angle, fascicle rotation, and strain were quantified at rest and during contraction. Resting pennation angles did not vary with age (p&#x2265;0.30) or sex (p&#x2265;0.39). During contraction, superficial, but not deep fascicle rotation (change in pennation angle) decreased by 6.6&#xb1;51.3% per decade (p=0.003), whereas deep fascicle rotation remained stable (p=0.27). Furthermore, resting fascicle length showed a significant age-related decline of 1.8&#xb1;13.7% per decade (p=0.002). Finally, Achilles tendon force decreased with age (-4.3&#xb1;16.3% per decade, p<0.001), independent of sex (p=0.12). Exploratory subgroup analyses showed that while athletic specialization (endurance vs. power) did not significantly influence fascicle kinematics, high-performing athletes (>85% age grade) maintained significantly greater superficial fascicle rotation than lower-performing peers (p=0.027). These findings indicate that while age-related alterations in superficial fascicle kinematics occur even in well-trained individuals, preserved architectural gearing remains a distinct marker of elite athletic performance. In conclusion, our results suggest that aging alters intramuscular force transmission pathways independently of lifelong training status, highlighting the limits of exercise in fully mitigating structural neuromuscular aging.

The colonization of land by plants was a major transition in the history of life, fundamentally reshaping the evolution of terrestrial organisms and Earth's ecosystems. Plants are hosts to an enormous diversity of viruses, but the origins and evolution of these viruses are not thoroughly understood. We mined the transcriptomes and genomes of 2,402 species sampled across the plant kingdom and discovered about 35,000 plant-associated RNA viruses, including several potential families not described previously, resulting in a 2.2-fold increase in the known plant-associated RNA virus diversity, greatly expanding the virus host ranges, and revealing many groups of atypical, apparently persistent viruses. Phylogenetic analysis shows that plant viruses emerged on numerous independent occasions, mostly, via horizontal virus transfer facilitated by close ecological associations of plants with other terrestrial organisms, such as invertebrates and fungi.

In recent years, using ultrasound-sensitive characteristics of piezoelectric materials for antitumor therapy has become a rapidly developing therapeutic method. However, the limited piezoelectric catalytic efficiency severely constrains the efficacy of piezoelectric sonodynamic therapy (SDT). It is still urgent to propose effective strategies to improve the efficiency of piezoelectric catalysis. In this study, we construct a neodymium (Nd) single-atoms electronic regulator by loading Nd single-atoms on vacancy-enriched Bi2O3 support (Nd SABs). The introduction of Nd single-atoms provides electrons that modulate electron transfer and enhance the activation of adsorbed oxygen, promoting the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation to inhibit tumor cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments show that Nd SABs efficiently generate ROS and exhibit excellent antitumor effects under US irradiation. In addition, Nd single-atoms on Nd SABs can emit the desired second near-infrared window (NIR-II) emission under 808&#xa0;nm laser irradiation to achieve NIR-II fluorescence imaging. This work not only proposes a strategy of using rare earth single-atom electronic regulators to improve piezoelectric catalytic efficiency, but also reports NIR-II emission of Nd single-atoms, which expands the application of rare earth single-atoms systems in the field of tumor diagnosis and therapy.

Mine water geothermal (MWG) heating offers a low-carbon solution for space heating, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To assess the feasibility of an MWG scheme, an estimate of extractable heat is required to size the system, to determine if it meets surface demand, and evaluate economic viability. In early project stages, where data are limited, static methods, such as geothermal heat flow, mine water volume, rock volume, and flow rate, are commonly used. However, these methods do not account for mine geometry. GEMSToolbox is a streamlined dynamic model, purpose built for MWG, that operates with the same limited data as static methods but also incorporates digitised mine plans. It allows rapid modelling of scenarios such as roadway collapse and shaft treatments, and helps identify optimal injection and abstraction points. We apply GEMSToolbox to a digitised two-seam coal mine and to a simplified synthetic grid model of similar size. The resulting dynamic heat estimates are compared with those from static methods, revealing order of magnitude differences, from 4,200 MWh to 210,000 MWh over 40 years. Using dynamic modelling early in project development improves targeting of exploration wells, enables site-specific mitigation planning, and reduces uncertainty. GEMSToolbox offers a practical alternative to static methods, enhancing both technical confidence and investment readiness in MWG projects.

A lacuna of information exists on how to build a One Health system that integrates human, animal and environmental health for the early detection and prevention of emerging infectious diseases. This study aimed to identify and articulate perceptions of practitioners and government stakeholders regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia within a One Health framework. Key findings highlight the ability of&#xa0;local governments to rally stakeholders and form a progressive evidence-based response. While civil society's role is often overlooked, with appropriate government facilitation, it can serve as an effective agent of change on the ground. By adopting a bottom-up approach, this study provides a unique contribution to policy development discourse in line with One Health. The findings also emphasize challenges in the capacity of national and subnational governments to organize multi-actor responses, as well as the role of civil society and civic institutions in policy implementation. Persistent vulnerabilities at the human-wildlife interface were also evident, especially in relation to trade in wildlife, wild meat consumption, and the domestic keeping of wildlife, which have been exacerbated by fragmented coordination and implementation. New policy instruments, such as digital zoonotic disease surveillance, integrated early warning systems, and social forestry present opportunities for mitigating risk. To better address Indonesia's health security concerns in the post-COVID context, there is a need to strengthen One Health integration, enhance participatory risk communication, and align environmental management with health preparedness to mitigate future spill-over risks.

The high-energy X-ray beamline BL15XU is designed to drive advancements in materials science and high-pressure research by leveraging the photon source characteristics of SPring-8. The beamline provides an intense 100&#x2005;keV pink beam, extracted from undulator radiation using a double-multilayer monochromator, and delivers a high flux of 6.0&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;1013 photons&#x2005;s-1 to the sample position. Experimental hutch 1 is dedicated to materials engineering, employing non-destructive methods based on scanning 3D X-ray diffraction and computed laminographic imaging. Experimental hutch 2 focuses on high-pressure science, and is equipped with a rotational slit system capable of switching between radiography and diffraction modes at speeds up to 144&#x2005;Hz, with a minimum exposure time of approximately 2.7&#x2005;ms. Installed high-pressure apparatuses include: the 1500&#x2005;ton MADONNA multi-anvil press for generating pressures up&#xa0;to 120&#x2005;GPa, the mobile 200&#x2005;ton Hyaku-shiki press for in situ deformation experiments up to 20&#x2005;GPa, and a dedicated Paris-Edinburgh press setup for pair distribution function analysis of liquids and amorphous materials over a wide momentum transfer range up to 27.8&#x2005;&#xc5;-1. These diverse capabilities establish BL15XU as a versatile platform for in situ investigations of materials science and high-pressure research, well prepared for future high-brilliance operations at SPring-8-II.

Building compactness and construction epoch are relevant proxies of energy efficiency in buildings. By integrating building stock and Earth observation data, we characterize buildings globally and identify vulnerable areas dominated by old building age and unsuitable compactness in relation to climate conditions. Such areas are home to a population of&#xa0;48&#xa0;million persons that could increase by 10% to 30% by 2100 under likely socioeconomic pathways, shifting from cold regions of Eurasia to the heat-prone Sahel zone, Gulf countries and Pakistan. Results reveal stark disparities in building energy efficiency across income levels, urbanization patterns, and climate zones. Almost half of buildings globally (i.e.,&#xa0;43%) were built before 1980, when few to no energy efficiency measures existed, and these buildings are concentrated mainly in temperate and cold-climate urban areas in high-income countries. Low-income countries experienced more recent, lightweight and less compact urban expansion, which exposes them to the forecasted climate warming: this could increase their energy demand, hinder climate adaptation and imposes further challenges to ensure affordable thermal comfort for all.