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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are major blood-borne pathogens responsible for significant global morbidity and mortality. Accurate and early diagnosis is essential for initiating timely treatment and reducing disease transmission. The World Health Organization has highlighted the need for diagnostic tools that are affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid, and robust, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study evaluates the clinical performance of a combined polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection and viral load quantification assay for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA (HHH assay) using the GeneNAT 300/340 Real-Time PCR System (Genetix Biotech Asia Pvt. Ltd., India) as the test assay. Its performance was compared with established reference assays: the COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan® v2.0 (Roche Diagnostics, USA) for HBV and HCV quantification as comparator assay 1 and the Xpert® HIV Viral Load assay (Cepheid, USA) for HIV RNA quantification as comparator assay 2. Methodology A retrospective analysis was conducted using 110 anonymized, de-identified archived plasma samples collected at a tertiary liver care center in India. The cohort comprised a study group of 53 confirmed viral load-positive samples (20 HBV, 18 HCV, and 15 HIV) and a control group of 57 samples negative for HBV, HCV, and HIV infection. For evaluation of diagnostic performance, all archived specimens were tested in parallel using the GeneNAT 300/340 Real-Time PCR System as test assay and the established reference assays: COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan® v2.0 for HBV and HCV viral load quantification as comparator assay 1, and the Xpert® HIV Viral Load assay for HIV RNA quantification as comparator assay 2. Results The GeneNAT 300/340 Real-Time PCR assay demonstrated 100% concordance with the comparator assays 1 and 2, with no false-positive or false-negative results observed. The assay achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity for all three infections and delivered results within approximately 60 minutes. Conclusions The GeneNAT 300/340 Real-Time PCR assay shows significant potential to strengthen diagnostic capacity in low- and middle-income countries. Its ease of use, rapid turnaround time, and robust performance make it a strong candidate for broader implementation, including screening in blood banks and peripheral healthcare settings as part of a decentralized diagnostic approach. However, larger-scale prospective studies are required to further establish its clinical utility, cost-effectiveness, and feasibility for widespread adoption.

The profunda femoris artery (PFA) is a branch of the femoral artery, and it gives off medial and lateral circumflex arteries. The PFA and its branches are of utmost use in preventing avascular necrosis of the femoral head, during catheterisation, and in reconstructive surgeries. Due to the immense clinical implications associated with this artery, the study assumes great importance. The aim of the study is to highlight the varied anatomy of the PFA and its branches, along with correlating them with clinical implications. The literature was explored using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. Various terms related to the artery were used for the literature search. The literature revealed that the PFA and its branches vary greatly in various populations. The varied anatomy of this artery is of great use to vascular surgeons, to anatomists, and to oncologists.

Discoid meniscus is the most common congenital meniscal abnormality encountered in pediatric patients and frequently involves the lateral meniscus. While some discoid menisci remain asymptomatic, many children and adolescents develop pain, mechanical symptoms, or instability requiring surgical treatment. Historically, subtotal or total meniscectomy was commonly performed to address pain, mechanical symptoms, and functional limitation associated with symptomatic discoid meniscus. However, growing evidence regarding the biomechanical and long-term consequences of meniscal loss has led to a significant shift in treatment philosophy. Contemporary surgical management therefore emphasizes preservation of meniscal tissue whenever possible. Arthroscopic reshaping of the discoid meniscus combined with repair of associated tears or peripheral instability allows restoration of meniscal morphology while maintaining its biomechanical function. Given the long life expectancy and activity demands of pediatric patients, meniscal preservation should be considered the primary objective when surgically treating symptomatic discoid meniscus in children.

Introduction Children of military families face unique stressors, including frequent relocations and parental deployments, which can disrupt stability and influence behavioral development. These experiences may also contribute to conduct problems and challenges in social interactions, including bullying victimization and perpetration. However, limited research exists specifically examining behavioral risks in military-connected children. Objective To assess whether children with at least one parent with current or prior military service have increased behavioral problems or a history of being bullied. Methodology We performed secondary data analysis of U.S. children aged 0-17 years who participated in the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) from 2017 to 2021. The independent variable was parental military-duty status categorized as at least one parent with (1) current or (2) prior active-duty service in the U.S. Armed Forces, Reserves, or the National Guard, and (3) parents never in military duty (reference group). Outcomes assessed included (1) history of child behavioral or conduct problems and (2) history of being bullied. Outcomes were assessed independently. Confounding variables included demographic factors, family poverty ratio, deployment status, child's general health, and a history of physical abuse and of living with mentally ill relatives. Logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted associations. Results We analyzed data from 140,542 children: 4,919 (3.5%) had parents in active service, and 13,914 (9.9%) had parents with prior military service. A total of 10,681 (7.6%) reported a history of behavioral problems. Among those with information available regarding bullying (n = 81,382), 35,808 (44%) reported having ever been bullied. Children of currently active-duty parents were not associated with increased odds of behavioral problems (adjusted OR 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-1.10, P = 0.289) but had higher odds of reporting being bullied (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.58, P = 0.008), even after adjustment for selected covariates. Lastly, children of parents with prior military service had increased odds of both behavioral problems (adjusted OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.19-1.57) and being bullied (adjusted OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.31). Conclusions Parental military service was associated with increased risks of behavioral problems and risk of being bullied in U.S. children. Although we are unable to determine causation from this analysis, our findings support current literature highlighting the need for further research aimed at understanding the mechanisms and potential long-term health impacts of military service on child behavior. Behavioral health screening and early intervention programs could help to address emerging psychological and emotional challenges in this vulnerable population.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHomas) are rare causes of central hyperthyroidism. Misdiagnosis may lead to prolonged inappropriate thyroid hormone therapy. I present a 65-year-old woman who was treated with high-dose levothyroxine for 20 years for presumed primary hypothyroidism despite persistently elevated TSH with normal to high free T4 and T3 levels. Central hyperthyroidism was not considered. A 9-11 mm pituitary lesion remained stable for two decades. Biochemical evaluation revealed an elevated alpha-subunit with negative heterophile antibodies, confirming a TSHoma. She underwent transsphenoidal resection; pathology confirmed a plurihormonal PIT-1-positive adenoma. This case challenges the traditional view that TSHomas are uniformly resistant to thyroid hormone feedback. The tumor's long-term radiographic stability during supraphysiologic levothyroxine therapy raises the possibility of partial feedback sensitivity. The absence of measurable growth over two decades could be supportive of this hypothesis. Discordant thyroid function tests should prompt evaluation for central hyperthyroidism. Biological heterogeneity among TSHomas may influence tumor behavior and therapeutic responsiveness.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an uncommon but serious cause of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in adults and can pose diagnostic challenges, especially in patients receiving chemotherapy, due to overlapping features with chemotherapy-induced TMA. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy who developed Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-associated HUS. The patient developed severe oligo-anuric acute kidney injury (AKI), requiring hemodialysis and multiple transfusions. Early recognition, prompt supportive care, and multidisciplinary management were critical for stabilization and safe continuation of oncologic therapy. This case highlights the importance of considering STEC-HUS in immunocompromised adults presenting with TMA during oncologic chemotherapy.

Anticoagulant therapy with dihydroxycoumarin derivatives (DD) is often related to local bleeding during oral surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 3D Bond® (Augma Biomaterials, Katzir, Israel), a biphasic calcium sulfate regenerative bone cement, allows for the management of bleeding during and after oral surgery without discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate whether 3D Bond® biphasic calcium sulfate cement is effective in supporting local hemostasis and wound healing in patients using chronic anticoagulant therapy (dihydroxycoumarin derivatives, DD). The study was divided into a control group and a study group. Disorders of plasma coagulation parameters were confirmed in both groups one day prior to surgery by a standard international normalized ratio (INR) test. The control group consisted of 20 patients with cardiovascular diagnoses who were discontinued on their anticoagulation therapy before extractions of erupted teeth, impacted teeth, and roots. In the study group, 20 patients with various cardiological disorders underwent extractions of erupted teeth, impacted teeth, and roots without anticoagulant treatment discontinuation. 3D Bond® was used topically with a single suture and applied compression in the study group. In the control group, standard collagen sponge compression was utilized. Sutures were removed seven to 10 days after tooth extraction. The visual assessment of bleeding was performed five times within 10 days after surgery. Wound healing and pain following surgery for 10 days were also evaluated in both groups.  Clinical evaluation of the study group revealed no local bleeding in 19 patients (95%) during follow-up. Local bleeding was observed in one patient (5%) at day three; however, it was residual. In the control group, no local bleeding was noted in 16 patients (80%) during follow-up. Local bleeding was observed in four patients (20%) in the control group at day three. All wounds were properly healed, except for the four patients with local bleeding (20%) in the control group.  3D Bond®, which consists of 100% biphasic calcium sulfate bone cement, is effective in inhibiting localized bleeding following oral surgery without requiring discontinuation of dihydroxycoumarin derivative medication. In addition, the clinical effectiveness of 3D Bond® in socket preservation of post-extraction alveolar sockets was observed and is comparable with other biphasic calcium sulfate cements. Many patients are prescribed anticoagulants by their physician as part of their ongoing health management. This often leads to bleeding during and following dental surgery, such as extractions, soft-tissue procedures, and implant-related treatment. Discontinuing or decreasing the patient's anticoagulants poses potential medical risks. Utilization of 3D Bond®, a biphasic calcium sulfate regenerative bone cement, allows management of bleeding during and after those dental procedures that may cause bleeding while continuing the patient on the prescribed anticoagulants.

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder presenting unique anesthetic challenges due to extensive vascular malformations. Key considerations include difficult airway management due to extensive facial and oral angiomas, seizure control, and maintaining stable intracranial and intraocular pressures. This case report discusses the perioperative management of a 57-year-old female with SWS undergoing dental surgery under general anesthesia and synthesizes the current literature on anesthetic considerations and management. Preoperative examination revealed a facial port-wine stain covering more than 75% of the face, extensive oral angiomas, macroglossia, and severe lip hypertrophy, raising concerns for difficult airway management and risk of hemorrhage. A rapid sequence induction was performed following upright preoxygenation, and video laryngoscopy provided a grade I view of the glottis. Endotracheal intubation was accomplished atraumatically, and the case proceeded uneventfully. The patient was extubated but experienced mild desaturation in the post-anesthesia care unit, prompting overnight observation before discharge at baseline oxygenation. This case highlights the importance of anticipating and planning for difficult airway management, maintaining vigilance for perioperative seizure control, and implementing strategies to minimize elevations in intracranial and intraocular pressures.

Primary retroperitoneal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an exceptionally rare malignancy. Here, we present the case of a 55-year-old female with a retroperitoneal tumor who underwent complete surgical resection. Histopathological examination confirmed SCC with no evidence of an alternative primary site, leading to a diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal SCC. Local recurrence in the aortocaval area was detected seven months postoperatively. The second surgical resection achieved complete removal, and the patient has remained disease-free for over four years without further chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This is the first case report of complete surgical resection of a locally recurrent retroperitoneal SCC without additional treatment, leading to a better prognosis.

Intramural duodenal hematoma (IDH) is a relatively rare condition typically managed conservatively. Although IDH frequently causes duodenal obstruction, the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) due to ampulla of Vater compression is uncommon. We report the case of non-traumatic IDH in a 90-year-old man receiving anticoagulant therapy, complicated by AP and persistent duodenal obstruction. Imaging studies revealed an intramural hematoma in the descending portion of the duodenum, without evidence of active bleeding. Despite five weeks of conservative management, the obstruction did not improve, and progressive malnutrition was a concern. Therefore, a gastrojejunostomy was performed without hematoma evacuation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and subsequent imaging confirmed spontaneous resolution of the hematoma. This case highlights that IDH can be associated with AP and that gastrojejunostomy without hematoma removal may be a viable surgical option in selected cases with persistent obstruction.

Introduction Geriatric cancer is mostly diagnosed in elderly people in the age group of more than 60. Aging is the strongest predictor of cancer risk. Beyond the late 80s or around 90 years of age, the incidence of newly diagnosed cancers declines, while morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular and other age-related conditions increase. Oral cancers represent one of the most common malignancies in this region and are also a major contributor to the global cancer burden. Methods In this study, biopsy samples were collected from patients aged 60 years and above who were diagnosed mainly with epithelial malignancies. These samples were examined at the histopathology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in Rajkot, Western India. All specimens were routinely processed for microscopic evaluation, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in selected cases whenever additional confirmation was needed. Results In the present study, a total of 111 cases were studied. The maximum number of geriatric cancer cases was observed in the 60-65-year age group, comprising 55 cases (49.5%). The squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant malignancy, accounting for 65 (58.6%) of the total cases. This was followed by adenocarcinoma, which constituted 14 (12.6%) of the cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was utilized in selected cases based on diagnostic necessity. Conclusion The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the histopathological spectrum of geriatric cancers. These results may aid in improving diagnostic accuracy and support the development of more effective management strategies for cancer in the elderly population.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of death, with dyslipidemia as its most modifiable driver of atherosclerotic CVD. The burden is especially severe in India, where early-onset disease and a distinct lipid profile, marked by elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles, contribute to increased lifetime risk. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has evolved from the cholesterol-centric model to the response-to-retention hypothesis, highlighting the role of apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins in initiating vascular inflammation and plaque formation. Advances in lipid science have revealed complex interactions between lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, and immune activation. The Lipid Association of India 2023 guidelines recommend lifetime risk-based assessment and early intervention using coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS), carotid and femoral plaque imaging, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) to refine risk stratification. Therapeutic options have expanded beyond statins to include ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and RNA-based agents, offering deeper and safer lipid reduction. Emerging therapies targeting ANGPTL3, liver X receptor (LXR) β, and PPAR-β/δ pathways promise further innovation in lipid modulation. These developments mark a shift toward precision lipidology, integrating genomics, imaging, and long-acting therapeutics to enable early, aggressive, and individualized prevention. As India faces a rising tide of cardiovascular events in younger populations, the future of lipid management lies in personalized, multimodal strategies that address both traditional and residual risk, aiming for sustained cardiovascular protection and improved public health outcomes.

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy remain the first line of treatment for many different types of cancer. The diagnosis of cancer and its treatment lead to many physical and psychological symptoms. Several types of exercise interventions are available to help alleviate these symptoms. However, there is very little evidence available that provides an overview of all the exercises and outcomes. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the various exercise interventions and their outcomes for patients with cancer undergoing adjuvant therapy. PubMed and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched with the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "Physiotherapy" OR "Physical therapy" OR "Exercise" AND "Adjuvant therapy for cancer" for the last 10 years. Full-text articles describing exercise interventions for patients receiving adjuvant therapy for cancer were included. A total of 40 articles were included in the analysis. The findings of this review suggest that aerobics, strengthening exercises, and the combination of both are the most common types of interventions used. A multimodal therapy that includes aerobics, strengthening, balance, mobility, and flexibility exercises is also commonly used. Apart from this, yoga and relaxation are also being used in cancer patients. The frequently used outcome measures include fatigue, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life (QoL), followed by physical fitness, anthropometric measurements, anxiety and depression, cognitive function, and others. Thus, this review provides an overview of current exercise trends and outcome measures in practice for patients with cancer undergoing adjuvant therapy.

This report describes the case of a 58-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and childhood asthma, who presented with neck stiffness, headache, and mild fever, raising concern for meningitis. Despite her high BMI and reluctance to undergo a lumbar puncture, she was initially treated with intravenous aciclovir and ceftriaxone while microbiological tests, including procalcitonin, ruled out bacterial infection. Laboratory markers, such as CRP and white blood cell count, improved over time, and cervical spine X-rays revealed cervical spondylosis with C4-C5 protrusion, explaining her symptoms. As a result, antimicrobial therapy was discontinued, and she was referred to a local spine specialist. This case underscores the need to consider cervical spine pathology as a differential diagnosis in patients with meningitis-like symptoms, particularly when invasive investigations are not feasible.

Metabolically-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children and is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, we evaluated the clinical effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) therapy in a small, de-identified cohort of pediatric patients with MASLD and investigated potential molecular mechanisms using publicly available transcriptomic datasets from models of liver disease. Longitudinal FibroScan® (Echosens, Paris, France) measurements from seven pediatric patients treated with GLP-1 RAs demonstrated significant reductions in controlled attenuation parameter scores, transient elastography scores, and aspartate aminotransferase levels, indicating improvements in liver steatosis, liver stiffness, and liver inflammatory profiles, respectively. To explore potential mechanisms underlying these observations, we analyzed transcriptomic datasets from methionine-choline-deficient and high-fat diet (HFD) murine models of liver disease. A pattern-matching algorithm identified a core set of 10 genes consistently upregulated in both models and downregulated with GLP-1 RA treatment in the HFD model. These genes are enriched in extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory signaling, and fibrogenic pathways associated with hepatic stellate cell activation. Collectively, these findings engender the hypothesis that GLP-1 RAs may prove therapeutic in pediatric MASLD by attenuating inflammation and fibrosis. Although limited by a small cohort size, this integrated clinical-transcriptomic approach supports further investigation of GLP-1 RAs as a fast-follower therapeutic strategy for pediatric MASLD.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory vasculopathy frequently associated with early-onset central nervous system involvement. Intracranial aneurysm formation and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) represent uncommon manifestations and remain poorly characterized from a neuroradiological perspective. We report the case of a nine-year-old boy with genetically confirmed DADA2 presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent multimodal neurovascular imaging, including digital subtraction angiography (DSA). To contextualize this finding, a structured literature review was performed to identify previously reported cases of intracranial aneurysms in patients with genetically confirmed DADA2. Clinical presentation, hemorrhagic phenotype, aneurysm location, and treatment strategies were analyzed. In addition to our case, seven published patients with genetically confirmed DADA2 and intracranial aneurysms were identified, yielding a total of eight analyzed patients. Hemorrhagic events occurred in five of the eight patients, whereas three of the eight patients presented exclusively with ischemic manifestations. Aneurysms were predominantly multiple and located in the posterior circulation or distal vessels. Anti-TNF-α therapy was administered in seven patients, while aneurysm-directed intervention was reported in one case. These findings suggest that DADA2-associated aneurysms represent a distinct inflammatory neurovascular phenotype characterized by multiplicity and peripheral distribution. In pediatric patients presenting with unexplained aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, particularly in the context of systemic inflammatory features, DADA2 should be considered as a potential underlying etiology. Comprehensive vascular assessment with DSA may be essential for detecting small or atypically located aneurysms in this setting.

Background and objective Thyroid dysfunction is a well-recognised but under-investigated complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the overall prevalence of hypothyroidism in CKD is documented, its association with specific clinical variables, particularly including gender, haemoglobin (Hb), and azotaemia, has not been systematically characterised in populations from the Indian subcontinent. Hence, this study was designed to identify the correlates of thyroid dysfunction in CKD patients on conservative management. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 100 CKD patients (age &#x2265; 18 years) attending the outpatient and inpatient wards of Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital (Dr. BSAH), New Delhi, between 2019 and 2021. Patients on dialysis, those with nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy, liver disease, or medications known to alter thyroid function were excluded. CKD was staged using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria and the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), employing the chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the independent samples t-test, the Pearson correlation, and binary odds ratio (OR) calculation. Results The mean age of the cohort was 51.32 &#xb1; 11.89 years; 72 (72%) were male and 28 (28%) female. CKD stage 5 was the most common stage (44 (44%)). Total hypothyroidism prevalence was 46% (subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH): 24 (24%), overt hypothyroidism (OH): 22 (22%), low T3 syndrome: nine (9%)). Female patients had a significantly higher hypothyroidism rate (20 (71.4%) vs 26 (36.1%); &#x3c7;&#xb2; = 10.335, OR = 4.42, 95% CI: 1.71-11.44, p = 0.003) and higher mean TSH (5.84 vs 4.41 &#x3bc;IU/ml; t = -2.116, p = 0.036). Overt hypothyroidism was associated with the lowest Hb (7.97 g/dl; ANOVA F = 6.349, p = 0.001) and the highest blood urea (152.03 mg/dl; ANOVA F = 3.24, p = 0.024). Hb correlated negatively with TSH (r = -0.236, p = 0.018) and positively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = 0.516, p < 0.001). Advanced CKD stage 5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of hypothyroidism (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.15-5.85, p = 0.034). Comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN)) and age were not significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction. Conclusions Female gender and advanced CKD stage show the strongest associations with hypothyroidism in this cohort. Overt hypothyroidism is associated with more severe anaemia and higher azotaemia, beyond what is explained by CKD stage alone. These findings support targeted thyroid function testing in CKD patients; prospective studies are warranted to establish the clinical benefit of such a strategy.

The present review focuses on the importance of modern embalming techniques for human cadaveric preservation, comparing recent innovations with other methods and their historical evolution. Early approaches to human embalming for medical purposes presented significant limitations. During the past century, formaldehyde became widely adopted due to its low cost and high preservation efficiency. However, its use has been progressively restricted in modern laboratories because of the considerable health risks to professionals and its limitations in maintaining the organic properties of tissues. Consequently, more recent alternative preservation methods have been increasingly explored and considered within contemporary anatomical practice. We performed a thorough literature review in search of the best alternatives to formaldehyde for human cadaveric conservation with histological preservation. Eight of the recent studies under analysis propose ameliorations of older techniques, while others enhance the performance of original innovations in embalming techniques. The results show that none of these innovations demonstrates complete efficiency to substitute formaldehyde. It is, therefore, urgent to develop new alternative embalming techniques that are able to preserve the histologic integrity of human cadaveric material while preserving the biosafety of professional handlers.

Integrated medical curricula have gained increasing attention within anatomical sciences education for their potential to enhance early clinical reasoning and promote scholarly productivity. Since its implementation in 2022, the Integrated Medical Education Curriculum at the Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine (GCSOM), Pennsylvania, has demonstrated notable success, particularly in enabling first- and second-year students (2023-2025) to contribute to peer-reviewed publications in anatomical sciences. The curriculum incorporates horizontal and vertical integration of anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and radiology, supported by experiential learning through cadaveric dissection, ultrasound-based anatomy, virtual microscopy, standardized patient encounters, and early physician collaboration. This study systematically reviews peer-reviewed publications authored by pre-clinical medical students enrolled in the integrated curriculum between 2023 and 2025. The analysis examines how interdisciplinary instruction, mentorship from anatomists and clinical faculty, and structured research opportunities empowered students to generate publishable anatomical and clinical observations. Individual curricular components were evaluated for their contributions to students' skills in anatomical interpretation, clinical correlation, and scholarly dissemination. By the end of the second year, students demonstrated advanced integration of structural and functional anatomy with clinical findings. Their publications reflected competencies in identifying anatomical variants, correlating cadaveric findings with surgical procedures, and recognizing pathological conditions through imaging and dissection. These outcomes highlight the curriculum's effectiveness in promoting early scholarly engagement. The GCSOM integrated curriculum significantly enhances anatomical comprehension and clinical correlation during the pre-clinical years. Through multidisciplinary mentorship and research-embedded learning, students acquire the analytical skills and confidence necessary to publish early in their medical training. These findings support integrated curricula as a powerful model for advancing anatomical scholarship among early-stage learners.