搜索结果：Contemporary clinical dentistry

An ideal all-ceramic restoration that conforms well and demonstrates enhanced biocompatibility, strength, fit, and esthetics has always been desirable in clinical dentistry. However, the inherent brittleness, low flexural strength, and fracture toughness of conventional glass and alumina ceramics have been the main obstacles for extensive use. The recent introduction of zirconia-based ceramics as a restorative dental material has generated considerable interest in the dental community, which has been expressed with extensive industrial, clinical, and research activity. Contemporary zirconia powder technology contributes to the fabrication of new biocompatible all-ceramic restorations with improved physical properties for a wide range of promising clinical applications. Especially with the development of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems, high-strength zirconia frameworks can be viable for the fabrication of full and partial coverage crowns, fixed partial dentures, veneers, posts and/or cores, primary double crowns, implant abutments, and implants. Data from laboratory and clinical studies are promising regarding their performance and survival. However, clinical data are considered insufficient and the identified premature complications should guide future research. In addition, different zirconia-based dental auxiliary components (i.e., cutting burs and surgical drills, extra-coronal attachments and orthodontic brackets) can also be technologically feasible. This review aims to present and discuss zirconia manufacturing methods and their potential for successful clinical application in dentistry.

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense promise in revolutionising dentistry, spanning, diagnostics, treatment planning and educational realms. This narrative review, in two parts, explores the fundamentals and the multifaceted potential of AI in dentistry. The current article explores the profound impact of AI in dentistry, encompassing diagnostic tools, treatment planning, and patient care. The Part 2 of the article delves into the potential of AI in patient education, ethics and the FDI communique on AI in dentistry. The review begins by elucidating the historical context of AI, outlining its recent widespread use in various sectors, including medicine and dentistry. The narrative delves into the fundamental concepts of AI, which entails developing machines capable of executing tasks that typically necessitate human intellect. In the biomedical realm, AI has evolved from exploring computational models to constructing systems for clinical data processing and interpretation, aiming to enhance medical/dental decision-making. The discussion delves into the pivotal role of AI models in dentistry, such as Large Language Models (LLM), Large Vision Models (LVM), and Multimodality Models (MM), revolutionizing processes from clinical documentation to treatment planning. The narrative extends to the applications of AI in dental specialties such as periodontics, endodontics, oral medicine and pathology, restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, paediatric dentistry, forensic odontology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, and orofacial pain management. AI's role in improving treatment outcomes, diagnostic accuracy, and decision-making processes is evident across these specialties, showcasing its potential in transforming dental care. The review concludes by highlighting the need for continued validation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and regulatory frameworks to ensure the seamless integration of AI into dentistry, paving the way for enhanced patient outcomes and evidence-based practice in the field.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies play a significant role and significantly impact various sectors, including healthcare, engineering, sciences, and smart cities. AI has the potential to improve the quality of patient care and treatment outcomes while minimizing the risk of human error. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the dental industry, just like it is revolutionizing other sectors. It is used in dentistry to diagnose dental diseases and provide treatment recommendations. Dental professionals are increasingly relying on AI technology to assist in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction across ten dental specialties. One of the most significant advantages of AI in dentistry is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, providing dental professionals with valuable insights to enhance their decision-making processes. The purpose of this paper is to identify the advancement of artificial intelligence algorithms that have been frequently used in dentistry and assess how well they perform in terms of diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment, and prognosis prediction in ten dental specialties; dental public health, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine and pathology, oral & maxillofacial radiology, orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, pediatric dentistry, periodontics, prosthodontics, and digital dentistry in general. We will also show the pros and cons of using AI in all dental specialties in different ways. Finally, we will present the limitations of using AI in dentistry, which made it incapable of replacing dental personnel, and dentists, who should consider AI a complimentary benefit and not a threat.

Over the 30+ years of dental implant use, the treatment has been researched and found to be highly successful and predictable. However, many questions about implant treatment continue to come forth and need research verification. The 4th edition of Contemporary Implant Dentistry (Surgical Edition) is without question one of the finest textbooks in implant dentistry today and provides state-of-the-art information to answer these questions. The evidence-based text is a comprehensive review of the surgical aspects of implant dentistry. This new edition has been updated to include the most recent scientific based surgical concepts and procedures. The chapters are written by numerous expert authors and comprise over 1300 pages with more than 2700 detailed clinical images and illustrations. The 4th edition is almost a complete rewrite with over 20 new chapters. The text is well organized and flows seamlessly. It comprises 42 chapters and is divided into 8 distinct parts: Scientific Basis for Dental Implants, Biomechanical Properties of Dental Implants, Fundamental Science, General Treatment Planning Principles, Edentulous Site Treatment Planning, Implant Surgery, Soft and Hard Tissue Rehabilitation, and Peri-Implant Disease and Maintenance. Part 1 of the book includes 5 detailed chapters on the scientific basis for dental implants. It is a detailed summary of implantology terminology, implant design, bone physiology and metabolism, and biomaterials. Not only is this scientific overview critical for inexperienced clinicians but also is a meaningful review for mature clinicians. Part 2 of the text consists of pertinent topics based on biomechanical properties of dental implants. Numerous well published authors provide readers with comprehensive, detailed information concerning the biomechanical properties related to dental implants. The relationship of force-related complications based on a stress theorem furnishes clinicians with important treatment planning concepts for long-term success. Part 3 contains fundamental science with completely new chapters on the medical and radiographic evaluation for patients. The 65-page medical chapter details the most common systemic diseases and medications which influence dental implant treatment. An up-to-date review of CBCT anatomy, pathology, and interactive treatment planning is addressed. In addition, a pharmacology chapter relates a scientific based protocol dictated to patient medical status and procedures. In Parts 4 and 5, 11 chapters are devoted to treatment planning for single tooth, multiple tooth, and fully edentulous sites. Classifications for available bone, prosthodontic options, bone density, and key implant positions are discussed in individual chapters. New chapters include the following: CBCT interactive treatment planning and surgical templates, specific anatomic variables that affect treatment planning considerations, and preprosthodontic factors that may affect long-term implant and prosthesis success. In Part 6, 8 chapters include virtually every aspect of implant surgical procedures with new chapters on basic surgical techniques and armamentarium, ideal implant positioning, immediate placement, and surgical implant complications. In addition, detailed maxillary and mandibular implant placement is discussed with respect to vital and anatomic structures. Part 7 includes 7 new chapters that are devoted to soft and hard tissue rehabilitation. These chapters contain the latest literature-based information on atraumatic extraction and socket grafting classifications, guided bone regeneration techniques, maxillary sinus augmentation, growth factors, and intra- and extraoral block grafting procedures. One chapter is dedicated to a comprehensive overview of the physical properties and indications of specific bone substitutes and the membranes currently used in implant dentistry. Another new chapter details the use and step-by-step protocol of the use of Botox and dermal fillers in implant dentistry for esthetics and treatment of parafunctional habits. The 8th part includes 2 chapters with a comprehensive overview of peri-implant disease and periodontal maintenance procedures by a world renowned clinician and educator professor Jon B. Suzuki, DDS, PhD, MBA. Dr. Suzuki provides readers with a detailed, pragmatic summary of the diagnosis, prevention, and management of peri-implant disease. The literature-based nonsurgical and surgical protocols are clearly outlined, allowing the reader a straightforward, step-by-step procedural guideline, which is based on the most up-to-date scientific research. The fourth edition of Contemporary Implant Dentistry is highly recommended as an up-to-date resource for all clinicians, which is based on the highest levels of scientific evidence and research. It uses current academic and clinical standards, which is a one-stop reference for dental students, general practitioners, and specialists who wish to update their knowledge on all aspects of surgical oral implantology. This is a must-read and most likely the most comprehensive reference that is available in implant dentistry today. Dr. Resnik and his contributors have elevated implant dentistry to the next level along with preserving Dr. Carl Misch's legacy.

OBJECTIVES: To address contemporary concepts in adhesive dental materials with emphasis on the evidence behind their clinical use. OVERVIEW: Adhesive dentistry has undergone major transformations within the last 20 years. New dental adhesives and composite resins have been launched with special focus on their user-friendliness by reducing the number of components and/or clinical steps. The latest examples are universal adhesives and universal composite resins. While clinicians prefer multipurpose materials with shorter application times, the simplification of clinical procedures does not always result in the best clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the current evidence on adhesive restorative materials with focus on universal adhesives and universal composite resins. CONCLUSIONS: (a) Although the clinical behavior of universal adhesives has exceeded expectations, dentists still need to etch enamel to achieve durable restorations; (b) there is no clinical evidence to back some of the popular adjunct techniques used with dental adhesives, including glutaraldehyde-based desensitizers and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; and (c) the color adaptation potential of new universal composite resins has simplified their clinical application by combining multiple shades without using different translucencies of the same shade. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: New adhesive restorative materials are easier to use than their predecessors, while providing excellent clinical outcomes without compromising the esthetic quality of the restorations.

The central aim of adhesive dentistry is to improve the compatibility between current adhesives and a range of substrates by employing diverse application techniques. Therefore, the overarching objective of this review is to offer a comprehensive analysis of dentin bonding systems, starting with an introduction to adhesion and a detailed overview of enamel and dentin structures, their histology, and the impact of dentin structure on resin–dentin bonding. It covers the mechanisms of resin–dentin bonding, including resin adhesive application, bonding mechanisms, and factors influencing efficacy. Further, this review explores the composition of resin adhesive systems, including acidic components, cross-linking monomers, solvents, and other critical elements. It also examines various adhesive strategies—etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesives—highlighting their applications and advantages. The review extends to clinical applications of dental adhesion, including direct restorations, indirect restorations, and immediate dentin sealing (IDS), demonstrating the practical implications of adhesive systems in enhancing restoration longevity and performance. In conclusion, despite significant advancements, no gold-standard method for optimal adhesion exists. Each adhesive system has distinct strengths and limitations. The review emphasizes the importance of evaluating methods for achieving durable adhesion and staying current with technological advancements in adhesive systems. Summary: This review provides a thorough analysis of dentin bonding systems, delving into the structures and bonding mechanisms of both enamel and dentin. By exploring various adhesive systems and their components, it highlights the ongoing challenges in achieving optimal resin–dentin adhesion. The review also addresses the clinical applications of dental adhesion, including direct restorations, indirect restorations, and immediate dentin sealing (IDS), illustrating how different adhesive techniques impact clinical outcomes. It underscores the necessity for continuous innovation and assessment of adhesive systems to enhance long-term bonding effectiveness in clinical practice.

INTRODUCTION: Consensus reports recommend that students upon graduation should possess a significant level of knowledge and competence in implant dentistry, including basic competences in diagnostics, treatment planning, restorative, straightforward surgical and maintenance procedures. In response, undergraduate curricula need to integrate implant dentistry. This narrative review explores educational programmes in terms of competences, related research and barriers or reflections, regarding implementation in undergraduate curricula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Publications (2008-2013) were searched systematically in WoS, PubMed and ERIC and screened independently by two authors in four stages: removal of duplicates, title screening, abstract screening and full-text reading. Inclusion criteria encompassed implant dentistry in undergraduate education. RESULTS: Finally, 37 of 420 papers were included. Detailed information regarding programme content, number of participants, staff input, logistics/funding issues is scattered. Theoretical education is predominant, and pre-clinical/clinical training is offered minimally, often carried out in elective programmes. However, selected straightforward cases treated by undergraduates yield positive outcomes with low failure rates, few complications, high patient satisfaction and student appreciation. Barriers to implementing implant dentistry in the undergraduate curriculum include funding issues, limitations in time or staff availability/competence and lack of suitable patients. Overcoming these barriers is worthwhile as experience-based implant education affects future practice as well-informed students propose more restorative alternatives to their patients. CONCLUSION: Although implant dentistry is increasingly integrated in undergraduate curricula, challenges remain in developing strategies to implement existing competence profiles and the extent of experience-based education. To support further advancement, universities should report comprehensively on their implant programmes to allow comparison and reproduction in other environments.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied across all disciplines of medicine, including dentistry. Oral health research is experiencing a rapidly increasing use of machine learning (ML), the branch of AI that identifies inherent patterns in data similarly to how humans learn. In contemporary clinical dentistry, ML supports computer-aided diagnostics, risk stratification, individual risk prediction, and decision support to ultimately improve clinical oral health care efficiency, outcomes, and reduce disparities. Further, ML is progressively used in dental and oral health research, from basic and translational science to clinical investigations. With an ML perspective, this review provides a comprehensive overview of how dental medicine leverages AI for diagnostic, prognostic, and generative tasks. The spectrum of available data modalities in dentistry and their compatibility with various methods of applied AI are presented. Finally, current challenges and limitations as well as future possibilities and considerations for AI application in dental medicine are summarized.

Various materials have been used over time in prosthetic dentistry. However, due to the evolution of science and knowledge, new materials are being brought to the forefront. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a polymer with many potential applications in dentistry. The use of PEEK has become increasingly more common in dental practice; its favorable properties have made it a compelling alternative biomaterial in restorative dentistry. The current trend is moving towards the use of metal-free restorations and biomaterials which exhibit advanced properties in the complex oral environment. This review paper presents and summarizes clinical applications of PEEK in contemporary dentistry.

Many modern advancements have taken place in dentistry that have exponentially impacted the progress and practice of dentistry. Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are becoming the trend in the practice of modern dentistry because of their impact on changing the patient’s experience. The use of AR and VR has been beneficial in different fields of science, but their use in dentistry is yet to be thoroughly explored, and conventional ways of dentistry are still practiced at large. Over the past few years, dental treatment has been significantly reshaped by technological advancements. In dentistry, the use of AR and VR systems has not become widespread, but their different uses should be explored. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an update on the contemporary knowledge, to report on the ongoing progress of AR and VR in various fields of dental medicine and education, and to identify the further research required to achieve their translation into clinical practice. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles in peer-reviewed English-language journals published in the last 10 years up to 31 March 2021, with the help of specific keywords related to AR and VR in various dental fields. Of the total of 101 articles found in the literature search, 68 abstracts were considered suitable and further evaluated, and consequently, 33 full-texts were identified. Finally, a total of 13 full-texts were excluded from further analysis, resulting in 20 articles for final inclusion. The overall number of studies included in this review was low; thus, at this point in time, scientifically-proven recommendations could not be stated. AR and VR have been found to be beneficial tools for clinical practice and for enhancing the learning experiences of students during their pre-clinical education and training sessions. Clinicians can use VR technology to show their patients the expected outcomes before the undergo dental procedures. Additionally, AR and VR can be implemented to overcome dental phobia, which is commonly experienced by pediatric patients. Future studies should focus on forming technological standards with high-quality data and developing scientifically-proven AR/VR gadgets for dental practice.

Dental cements are widely used in dentistry. Base material, temporary filling material and luting agents can all have different clinical applications. Different types of cement have also been developed for various orthodontic and endodontic treatments. In literature it is still argued that there is not ideal cement answering all purposes yet, so different materials are required for the comprehensive patient treatments and it is not always that easy to make the best choice. The aim of this article is to provide a clinically relevant discussion of contemporary permanent luting agents, in order to enhance the dentist’s ability to make proper cementation choices and application. How to cite this article: Sümer E, Değer Y. Contemporary Permanent Luting Agents Used in Dentistry: A Literature Review. Int Dent Res 2011;1:26-31. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

In the past few decades, there has been an increase in demand for safety evaluation and control of dental materials used daily in dentistry; however, this task is difficult and cumbersome. Dental materials that are passive and do not react with the oral environment will be more stable and have superior durability. It is expected that dental materials will be universally accepted and will not cause harm or injury to the surrounding structures in the oral cavity. This is an entirely negative approach to the material tolerance and biocompatibility, and hides the possibility that some positive gains can be achieved. Side-effects of dental materials are believed to be rare, and generally, those that have been reported are mild. There are wide varieties of materials used in dentistry, which include liners, irrigants, intracanal filling materials, intracanal medicaments, prosthetic materials, restorative materials, subgingival implants, and mouth rinses. Therefore, in this study, the biocompatibility of various commonly-used clinical materials used in contemporary dentistry was discussed.

BACKGROUND: In implant dentistry, three-dimensional (3D) imaging can be realised by dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), offering volumetric data on jaw bones and teeth with relatively low radiation doses and costs. The latter may explain why the market has been steadily growing since the first dental CBCT system appeared two decades ago. More than 85 different CBCT devices are currently available and this exponential growth has created a gap between scientific evidence and existing CBCT machines. Indeed, research for one CBCT machine cannot be automatically applied to other systems. METHODS: Supported by a narrative review, recommendations for justified and optimized CBCT imaging in oral implant dentistry are provided. RESULTS: The huge range in dose and diagnostic image quality requires further optimization and justification prior to clinical use. Yet, indications in implant dentistry may go beyond diagnostics. In fact, the inherent 3D datasets may further allow surgical planning and transfer to surgery via 3D printing or navigation. Nonetheless, effective radiation doses of distinct dental CBCT machines and protocols may largely vary with equivalent doses ranging between 2 to 200 panoramic radiographs, even for similar indications. Likewise, such variation is also noticed for diagnostic image quality, which reveals a massive variability amongst CBCT technologies and exposure protocols. For anatomical model making, the so-called segmentation accuracy may reach up to 200 μm, but considering wide variations in machine performance, larger inaccuracies may apply. This also holds true for linear measures, with accuracies of 200 μm being feasible, while sometimes fivefold inaccuracy levels may be reached. Diagnostic image quality may also be dramatically hampered by patient factors, such as motion and metal artefacts. Apart from radiodiagnostic possibilities, CBCT may offer a huge therapeutic potential, related to surgical guides and further prosthetic rehabilitation. Those additional opportunities may surely clarify part of the success of using CBCT for presurgical implant planning and its transfer to surgery and prosthetic solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Hence, dental CBCT could be justified for presurgical diagnosis, preoperative planning and peroperative transfer for oral implant rehabilitation, whilst striving for optimisation of CBCT based machine-dependent, patient-specific and indication-oriented variables.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. AI is not a new term, the concept of AI can be dated back to 1950. However, it did not become a practical tool until two decades ago. Owing to the rapid development of three cornerstones of current AI technology-big data (coming through digital devices), computational power, and AI algorithm-in the past two decades, AI applications have started to provide convenience to people's lives. In dentistry, AI has been adopted in all dental disciplines, i.e., operative dentistry, periodontics, orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and prosthodontics. The majority of the AI applications in dentistry are for diagnosis based on radiographic or optical images, while other tasks are not as applicable as image-based tasks mainly due to the constraints of data availability, data uniformity, and computational power for handling 3D data. Evidence-based dentistry (EBD) is regarded as the gold standard for decision making by dental professionals, while AI machine learning (ML) models learn from human expertise. ML can be seen as another valuable tool to assist dental professionals in multiple stages of clinical cases. This review describes the history and classification of AI, summarizes AI applications in dentistry, discusses the relationship between EBD and ML, and aims to help dental professionals better understand AI as a tool to support their routine work with improved efficiency.

Over the past two decades, the Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry has become one of the most trusted textbooks on clinical restorative dentistry. By integrating time-tested methods with recent scientific innovation, the authors promote sound concepts for predictable conservative techniques. Now in its fourth edition, this classic text has been completely updated with full-color illustrations throughout and substantial revisions in every chapter to incorporate the latest scientific developments and current research findings. In addition, new chapters on color study and shade matching address new areas of focus in the preclinical curriculum. A valuable resource for understanding the scientific basis for current treatment options in dentistry.

Minimally invasive procedures are the new paradigm in health care. Everything from heart bypasses to gall bladder, surgeries are being performed with these dynamic new techniques. Dentistry is joining this exciting revolution as well. Minimally invasive dentistry adopts a philosophy that integrates prevention, remineralisation and minimal intervention for the placement and replacement of restorations. Minimally invasive dentistry reaches the treatment objective using the least invasive surgical approach, with the removal of the minimal amount of healthy tissues. This paper reviews in brief the concept of minimal intervention in dentistry.