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Anaerobic gastrointestinal commensals are critical regulators of host health and key chassis resources for sustainable green biomanufacturing. Megasphaera elsdenii is a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic coccus that widely colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, especially the rumen of ruminants. Its defining metabolic feature is the highly efficient catabolism of lactate via the acrylate pathway, coupled with the synthesis of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs/MCFAs), biohydrogen, and high-value metabolic intermediates. This review systematically compiles the fundamental biological characteristics, core metabolic networks, and host-specific physiological functions of M. elsdenii across ruminants, humans, and non-ruminant mammals. We highlight its dual nature: as a promising probiotic candidate for preventing ruminal acidosis and maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and as a high-potential anaerobic chassis strain for biomanufacturing organic acids, bioenergy, and bioplastic precursors. Meanwhile, we comprehensively discuss its biosafety risks, including conditional pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance gene dissemination, and gut microecological disturbance, as well as unresolved scientific controversies. Finally, we identify critical research gaps and propose future research priorities, providing a systematic framework for the rational development and safe application of this microbe.

How gram-negative bacteria coordinate the synthesis of their multilayered envelopes is a long-standing fundamental question. We compile protein and metabolite measurements obtained from Escherichia coli to eliminate mechanisms that do not coordinate envelope synthesis during steady-state growth. These measurements reveal that envelope synthesis pathway expression and envelope precursor concentrations are both stable across growth rates, thus eliminating enzyme levels and metabolite levels as coordination mechanisms. We propose instead that envelope assembly pathways are coordinated by post-translational mechanisms that control a small number of enzymes and transport proteins, which in turn control upstream synthesis pathways via classic negative feedback. We further hypothesize that many signals that have been proposed to directly regulate envelope synthesis pathways act indirectly via known negative feedback loops.

Otolaryngologists have provided gender-affirming care to transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals for many years, but demand for these services has recently increased substantially as visibility of TGNC communities grows. Furthermore, attention to gender-affirming care in general has sharpened as TGNC individuals' access to healthcare has entered the political sphere. We sought to compile evidence regarding gender-affirming care within otolaryngology, and to review novel surgical and nonsurgical advancements for the treatment of TGNC patients. Data were sought from clinical peer-reviewed primary literature. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus. Clinical studies reporting outcomes of gender-affirming interventions, and studies investigating demand for and/or difficulty accessing gender-affirming otolaryngologic care were included. Eighty-three studies met inclusion criteria. TGNC individuals indicate strong desire for gender-affirming therapies for the face and voice, while access remains limited by cost, lack of insurance coverage, and few qualified providers. Surgical interventions for the face and voice have shown objective improvements (ie, vocal frequency and measurements of facial dimensions, respectively), and resulted in high patient-rated satisfaction as measured by validated patient-reported outcome measures and quality of life evaluations, especially for facial and vocal feminization. Non-surgical interventions for the voice have also demonstrated objective and subjective efficacy, alone or in combination with surgery. Gender-affirming care in otolaryngology can make demonstrable improvements in the quality of life and social function of TGNC individuals. Given this evidence, otolaryngologists can and should continue to advance gender-affirming head and neck care.

Despite the recent surge in the use of telerehabilitation (TR) for neurological disorders, there is a lack of TR programs tailored to persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), particularly in low-resource settings. To address this gap, we aimed to develop a tele-assisted home exercise program for improving balance and functional mobility in PwPD (TELEPORT-PD). An e-Delphi process was conducted with an international, interprofessional team of experts involved in rehabilitation of PwPD. A comprehensive pool of exercises was compiled and evaluated across three rounds of e-Delphi process. Out of 473 exercises pooled from literature and experts, 99 exercises entered the e-Delphi process after deduplication and were categorized under six domains. After consensus, the final program included 42 exercises along with dosage, progression, and safety considerations. The TELEPORT-PD protocol developed through an international, e-Delphi consensus could be adapted for its use in low-resource settings worldwide.

Climate change is a contemporary phenomenon of grave concern to global public health. Climate change events such as droughts, wildfires, tornadoes, heatwaves, floods, sea level rise, hurricanes, tropical cyclones, landslides, extreme rainfall, typhoons, dust storms, and desertification significantly affect local, regional, and global living conditions. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the most disturbing of these are desertification, droughts, and floods, which directly threaten water supplies, food security, and the livelihoods of millions of people. The climate crisis affects the health of older people, adults, children, and adolescents. However, climate-related events are gravely affecting the current and future health and well-being of children and adolescents. Although evidence exists, its integration is vital for policy and practice to protect children and adolescents in the ever-changing climate. Therefore, this review aims to map the existing reviews of the impact of climate change on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. This review will be conducted according to Arksey and O'Malley's [36] recommendations and will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Scopus, JSTOR, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library will be searched to identify relevant records for inclusion in this review. Additional searches will be conducted in Google Scholar and Google for other relevant articles. The review protocol is registered at Open Science Framework: (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/A7DEQ). Extracted data will be analysed using thematic content analysis, where data are summarised and qualitatively synthesized according to the recommendations of PRISMA-ScR and Tricco et al. [37]. The results and findings regarding the impacts of climate change on the health and safety of children and adolescents will be compiled, categorized, and presented using a qualitative narrative synthesis.

Semen technologies (STs) have been increasingly used in birds as a tool to overcome difficulties commonly faced by conservation breeding programs. Yet their application faces challenges not only related to avian physiology but also in terms of efficiency and welfare of the animals being handled. Significant advances have been made in some taxonomic groups in recent decades. Nevertheless, these approaches are not as widely disseminated as they are in mammals. Here, we compiled data from 178 scientific articles on STs to better understand the distribution of research among taxonomic groups and reproductive areas, the reasons for this arrangement, and discuss the future priorities for making these tools more effective within global bird conservation. Most available information refers exclusively to semen collection (42%, i.e., methods, parameters, etc.), while a small fraction of the literature describes the use of the complete cycle of STs (16%). These figures highlight that, despite decades of research, refinement in avian STs remains unbalanced with more emphasis on acquiring basic knowledge about semen/sperm than on integrative application of biotechnologies. We observed that STs have been applied to less than 2% of bird species, mostly targeting non-threatened species often chosen for their charisma, monetary value, or ease of maintenance in captivity. This survey provides insights for researchers, breeders, zoos, organizations and funding agencies worldwide to reflect on future paths and guidelines for the development of reproductive technologies in birds making them more useful in preserving species truly in need. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-026-03397-7.

Translational biomedical research is increasingly collaborative and multimodal, making secure, high-quality data capture, curation, and analytics a major challenge. This work aims to provide an overview of existing medical research data platforms to support informed platform selection for translational biomedical research. As part of an ongoing Fraunhofer Request for Proposal (RFP) process, we developed a requirements assessment tool for users across the Fraunhofer ecosystem. In parallel, we compiled a structured overview of medical research data platforms through an open collaboration between academic and industry experts, who supplemented our market screening by identifying additional relevant platforms. Using a standardized questionnaire on key aspects of distributed data collaboration, we collected harmonized platform descriptions and organized them into a side-by-side overview with an accompanying feature weighting matrix. The study yielded a structured, comparative characterization of medical research data platforms across five functional classes, highlighting common strengths in security, interoperability, data quality, and multimodal data support. We devised (developed) a platform feature-partner weight matrix that enables context-sensitive platform scoring without imposing a predefined global ranking. In this way, users can align platform scoring with their specific translational research requirements. This structured, overview is intended to accelerate decision-making in the medical research community when choosing data platforms. By supporting context-sensitive, feature-weighted selection rather than one-size-fits-all comparisons, it acknowledges diversified research needs and can be updated as technologies and practices evolve.

The analysis of metabolic profiles using high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) data provides deep insights into biological processes. In metabolomics, MS analysis generates a large number of features that represent metabolites. However, identifying specific metabolites from these features can be challenging. One of the major bottlenecks in the metabolomics field is the identification of MS features, which is a prerequisite for any biochemical interpretation. By identifying similarities and differences within a metabolite family (mFam), evaluating MS features at the metabolite family level can help assigning functional roles to individual MS features. These data can help interpreting metabolic pathways and processes within a biological system. For the assignment of metabolite families to MS features, it is important to have good quality, reliable, and comprehensive spectral libraries. We initiated a global effort to collect high-resolution MS/MS spectra of metabolites from labs working in different fields, including metabolomics of animals, microorganisms, and plants. The mFam-MS/MS collection delivers valuable training data to assign machine-readable classified information on the unknown metabolites. The mFam collaboration used a standardized metadata template and has developed a globally curated MS/MS spectral library of 7,872 spectra with 2,126 unique metabolites. This library was compiled from 47 datasets contributed by 25 laboratories measured on 12 instrument types, including QTOF, Orbitrap, and Ion Mobility-QTOF systems. It comprises 4,646 spectra in positive mode and 3,226 in negative mode. This standardized resource significantly enhances metabolite identification capabilities, supports the development of machine learning-based annotation tools, and accelerates the discovery of novel metabolites. All spectra are available under the collective contributor label mFam in the MassBank system, including the web interface and the 2025.10 data release available at GitHub and Zenodo.

Aspartame, a widely used artificial sweetener, has been implicated in multiple toxicities. However, its potential reproductive toxicity mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying relationship between aspartame exposure and endometriosis pathogenesis. Following the toxicity analysis of aspartame, we compiled its toxicity targets and simultaneously retrieved endometriosis-related genes. By intersecting these two gene lists, we identified the aspartame-induced endometriosis genes and enriched their biological functions and pathways. Subsequently, we established core targets by PPI network and topological analysis alongside machine learning algorithms and detected expression patterns of these hub genes in bulk and single-cell datasets. Finally, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the interaction stability between aspartame and core targets, followed by in vitro and in vivo validation, and virtual gene knockout technology to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Firstly, we identified a total of 124 targets for aspartame and 3344 genes related to endometriosis. And we constructed an aspartame-endometriosis-genes regulatory network comprising 40 intersecting targets, among which five significantly differentially expressed targets were searched: ACE, DPP4, MME, IL1B, and PTGS2, and projected these genes onto a single-cell dataset to reveal their distribution patterns. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations identified PTGS2 as the core target exhibiting the most stable interaction with aspartame. Cellular and mice experimental validation further demonstrated that aspartame exposure promoted endometriosis progression by modulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, while PTGS2 knockdown and pharmacological inhibition partially reversed these aspartame-induced cellular phenotypes. Additionally, virtual gene knockout analysis suggested that PTGS2 perturbation disrupted immune-related gene networks, implicating altered intercellular communication and immune homeostasis in aspartame-associated endometriosis. Taken together, our study firstly established association between aspartame exposure and endometriosis pathogenesis, identified PTGS2 as a key target gene mediated by aspartame in endometriosis, proposed its underlying mechanisms of action, and analyzed the clinical value and significance.

Malaria remains a major global health burden, with rising resistance to artemisinin and most current therapies, alongside emerging parasite species and genetic mutations that undermine disease control efforts. Identifying drug candidates with favorable physicochemical profiles is crucial for improving success rates in antimalarial drug discovery. A comprehensive dataset comprising 52 approved and clinical-stage antimalarial drugs and 1,708 antimalarial research compounds was compiled. Their physicochemical properties were analyzed to characterize distribution patterns and identify parameters that distinguish successful drugs from research compounds. Four key parameters-molecular weight (MW), calculated partition coefficient (cLogP), topological polar surface area (TPSA), and fraction of sp3-hybridized carbons (Fsp3)-showed significant differences between drugs and research compounds. These parameters enabled the definition of an antimalarial-specific physicochemical space described by 248.71 ≤ MW ≤ 535.51, 1.86 ≤ cLogP ≤ 5.21, 28.16 ≤ TPSA ≤ 100.52, and 0.11 ≤ Fsp3 ≤ 1. Approximately 75% of approved or clinical antimalarial drugs fall within this space, compared with 49% of research compounds and 46% of high-potency candidates. These findings highlight a distinct and data-driven physicochemical profile associated with successful antimalarial agents, underscoring limitations of general drug-likeness rules such as Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5). The proposed space enhances compound prioritization by focusing on property ranges linked to clinical success. However, the analysis is constrained by available datasets and may not fully reflect emerging chemotypes or novel therapeutic modalities. This study defines an antimalarial-specific physicochemical space that can support compound prioritization and guide optimization efforts during antimalarial drug discovery.

The K&#x3b2;/K&#x3b1; intensity ratios are critical parameters that quantitatively characterize atomic shell transition dynamics and radiative branching probabilities. In this study, we systematically evaluated the capability of machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict these ratios, as well as their advantages over traditional theoretical models (such as Scofield and semi-empirical calculations). A large dataset comprising 2124 experimental measurements compiled from the literature, covering elements with atomic numbers (Z) from 11 to 96, was structured to include more than ten variables, such as atomic number, sample form, excitation source, detector type, and energy resolution. Missing observations were imputed using the multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE) method in the R programming language. Categorical variables were one-hot encoded, and the data were split into an 80% training set and a 20% test set. Seven heterogeneous individual models (RF, XGBoost, Cubist, SVR, GPR, BRNN, and GLMNET) were constructed, along with seven different stacking combinations derived from them. Following 10&#xd7;10-fold cross-validation, the highest accuracy was achieved by the stacked model using a BRNN meta-learner (RMSE&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.009; R2&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.973). This model reduced the test error of the Scofield theory by nearly 48% and performed significantly better according to the Diebold-Mariano test (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001). SHAP analysis revealed that atomic number is the primary determinant, while sample purity and excitation source have secondary yet physically consistent effects. Furthermore, an online R/Shiny-based calculator enhances the practical applicability of the method by enabling users to input their experimental parameters and receive instantaneous K&#x3b2;/K&#x3b1; predictions. These results demonstrate that at the current stage of theoretical and experimental development, data-driven approaches provide significant advantages in both accuracy and interpretability over classical theories for complex atomic parameters such as the K&#x3b2;/&#x39a;&#x3b1; intensity ratio. Overall, this work constitutes a significant step toward reducing deviations in high-Z elements, improving detector calibration, and establishing new atomic databases.

To identify whether there is a gender-based disparity in salary among sports medicine fellowship-trained academic orthopaedic surgeons. Deidentified faculty compensation data were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges, which are compiled after distributing surveys to 157 Liaison Committee on Medical Education-accredited medical schools through a deidentified internet-based survey application. Mean and median data for the 2023 calendar year was extracted from this dataset for male and female sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons and stratified in a cross-sectional fashion by position, including assistant professor, associate professor, and professor. Independent sample t-tests and Cohen's d test were performed with Python and shown through a bar graph. A total of 312 orthopaedic surgeons were included in this analysis, with 268 (85.9%) male and 44 (14.1%) female surgeons. Sports medicine fellowship-trained female surgeons earn significantly lower salaries than their male counterparts at the positions of assistant professor ($504,994 vs $654,697; P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), associate professor ($617,612 vs 776,754; P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), and professor ($486,303 vs $820,406; P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). The effect size of the difference between male and female salaries is greatest at the position of professor (d&#x2009;=&#x2009;7.5), although there is a large difference in means between male and female assistant professors (d&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.2) and associate professors (d&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.4). Female sports medicine fellowship-trained academic orthopaedic surgeons earn significantly lower salaries at the assistant professor, associate professor, and professor levels. However, data were not able to be stratified based on additional variables that may influence salary among orthopaedic surgeons such as age, years in practice, geographic location, practice focus, and surgical volume. This study shows that gender-based disparities exist in compensation among sports medicine fellowship-trained academic orthopaedic surgeons.

Proton therapy applies a constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1, despite increasing evidence that RBE varies with physical and biological factors such as linear energy transfer (LET), dose, and tissue type. Variable RBE models from in vitro data may not reflect in vivo radiation responses. This study aimed to compile and analyze a comprehensive database of published in vivo RBE data from proton irradiations. In vivo proton RBE studies were identified through a literature review. RBE values, doses, biological endpoints were extracted from 25 studies. Dose-averaged LET (LETd) was estimated by reconstructing experimental setups in a treatment planning system. Data were stratified into three endpoint groups: early jejunal crypt regeneration, other early endpoints, and late endpoints. Regression fits were obtained for RBE as a function of LET and fraction dose (Dp). 174 RBE data points were compiled. Across endpoints, RBE increased with LET, with statistically significant slopes in most groups and a more pronounced dependency for late endpoints. A negative correlation between RBE and Dp was observed for crypt-, other early-, and pooled data, and was also retained when excluding experiments using kV X-rays as reference. The present in vivo analysis supports proton RBE dependencies on LET, dose, and endpoint previously observed in vitro and highlights the need for standardized methodologies and more extensive in vivo data to enable reliable endpoint-specific analyses. The compiled database, with consistently derived LET estimates across studies, provides a solid foundation for continued in vivo RBE research.

In Kenya, the growing e-commerce market presents new opportunities to expand access to self-care contraceptives. However, we know little about women's experiences and attitudes toward purchasing such products online. We used a two-phased approach to explore Kenyan women's perspectives on e-commerce and its potential as a platform for contraceptive access. In the formative phase, we conducted 61 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of reproductive-aged women to assess general perceptions of e-commerce and attitudes toward using it for contraceptive purchases. We analyzed formative data through an iterative coding process followed by thematic analysis of relevant codes reports. In the second phase, using a human-centered design (HCD) approach, we observed a smaller group of Nairobi-based women of reproductive age (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;8) as they navigated the website of a women's health-focused digital commerce platform to explore products, access information and make purchases. Post-website use interviews captured participants' reflections on the experience. Research assistants compiled detailed notes from observations and interviews that the analysis team used to identify themes and build out analysis insights. While some participants in the formative phase noted the convenience of online shopping, many were skeptical of e-commerce due to concerns about fraud or their own limited digital literacy and internet access. Similar issues with digital accessibility surfaced in the HCD phase; however, after a brief tutorial and direct experience using the website to browse and make purchases, HCD participants reported more positive perceptions of e-commerce. They emphasized the privacy, convenience, and autonomy that online purchasing offered, noting that these features were especially beneficial for accessing contraception. Findings from the HCD phase highlight the potential for e-commerce to lessen the burden of external pressure from providers or family members on contraceptive decision-making and to help circumvent stigma-related barriers, especially for younger women. While HCD participants' increased confidence in and comfort with e-commerce after exploring the digital commerce platform indicates promise for this self-care contraceptive access pathway, barriers to use identified by participants in both phases underscore the need for such digital interfaces to be implemented with in-person introductions that can build trust and offer technical guidance.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated condition of the gastrointestinal tract with highly variable treatment responses. Current therapies focus on suppressing inflammation through aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics, and small molecules, yet many patients experience suboptimal outcomes, including non-response, partial response, or loss of efficacy over time. This variability has prompted increasing attention to the gut microbiome as a contributing factor. This review aimed to compile the current evidence on how the gut microbiome modulates the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of UC therapies, including mechanisms of microbial drug metabolism and host-microbe interactions that affect immune regulation. Clinical and preclinical studies exploring the role of the microbiome in UC pharmacotherapy were identified through targeted PubMed and Embase searches. Microbial communities in the gut alter UC drug exposure and action by metabolising active compounds, modifying the host immune response, and influencing local drug absorption and clearance. Differences in microbiome composition and function between individuals may explain some of the heterogeneity in drug response, durability and adverse effect profiles. Clinical studies now show that microbiome characteristics at baseline can correlate with UC treatment outcomes and may even predict therapeutic response. Understanding these microbiome-drug relationships may improve the precision of UC therapy, support the development of microbiome-guided interventions, and inform future drug development and clinical trial design. Recognising the microbiome as an active variable in treatment response reframes pharmacology in UC as not only drug- and host-dependent but also shaped by the dynamic microbial environment of the gut.

Early gastric cancer is characterised by subtle mucosal and colour changes that frequently lead to missed lesions during routine endoscopy, making detection difficult. Indigo carmine spraying is a classical chromoendoscopic method to enhance mucosal surface irregularities and has been believed to have the potential to facilitate the detection of early gastric neoplasia. This method is widely used in Japan; however, whether it improves gastric neoplasm detection remains unclear. In this prospective study, we aim to evaluate the usefulness of indigo carmine spraying for detecting gastric cancer and gastric adenoma during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients at high risk of gastric cancer. This prospective multicentre observational study will include over 30 institutions. Patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for surveillance after endoscopic treatment or pretreatment screening will be enrolled. The age range has been set from 20 years to 95 years, and patients for whom a biopsy will not be feasible will be excluded. Gastric observation will consist of two steps: the first will use white light imaging, followed by a second-pass observation after spraying 20-40&#x2009;mL of indigo carmine at a concentration of 0.1-0.4%. The primary endpoint will be the proportion of patients with gastric cancer or adenoma lesions detected during the second-pass observation among those who undergo successful indigo carmine examination. A one-sided binomial test (&#x3b1;=0.05) will be used to compare the detection rate with a predefined threshold of 1.0%. We aim to enrol a total of 1050 patients to achieve 80% power. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kanagawa Cancer Center (approval number: 2025-92). Written informed consent will be obtained at the time of registration. Following completion of this research, the findings will be promptly compiled and published in appropriate academic conferences and peer-reviewed international journals. UMIN000059685.

Aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes from deforestation and subsequent regrowth in tropical moist forest (TMF) are increasingly well characterized, but carbon losses and gains following partial disturbance are uncertain. We synthesized 146 studies quantifying postdisturbance AGC changes relative to undisturbed forests across TMF. Immediate AGC losses (mean&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;1 SD; 2.5&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;2.3 years after disturbance) following partial anthropogenic disturbances were greatest for forest fires (49&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;26%), selective logging (34&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;20%), and edge effects (31&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;19%). Higher-frequency and -intensity disturbances significantly increased carbon loss. After 20 years of regeneration, AGC stock was higher in recovering degraded forests (41 to 117%) compared to secondary regrowth forests after complete deforestation (1 to 74%), indicating greater regeneration potential when forest structure is preserved. Our compiled database and associated meta-analysis improve accuracy and completeness for carbon inventory reporting and modeling. Substantial AGC losses and gains from distinct degradation and recovery processes are now better characterized, serving as an evidence base for policies to halt degradation and foster recovery for climate mitigation.

Textile circularity research requires product-level data on garment composition and component structure, but most available information is either aggregated at fibre level, derived from physical audits with limited market coverage, or not organized at the colour-variant level needed for sorting and recycling assessment. This data article presents a harmonized fast-fashion garment-variant dataset compiled from publicly accessible Hennes and Mauritz (H&M) and Uniqlo product pages serving the United Kingdom and Australia. Product web addresses (URLs) were collected from 24 to 26 March 2026, and product details were extracted between 24 March and 8 April 2026. Records were filtered, expanded to colour-specific variants where needed, harmonized into a common JSON Lines (JSONL) schema, normalized for material names and garment categories, parsed into component-level material-composition entries, and subjected to consistency checks. After filtering and public-release processing, the dataset contains 47,522 colour-specific garment-variant records. Each record includes source provenance, retailer and region, URL fields and timestamps, gender or section metadata, original category, product name, variant colour, assigned and normalized material-composition text, harmonized parent and detailed garment categories, and structured component-composition entries. The public release excludes product images, raw webpage captures, screenshots, review text, product ratings, review counts, and retailer-specific acquisition scripts. The released files include the final JSONL dataset, processing scripts, mapping tables, processing summaries, citation metadata, license files, and workflow figures. Validation and quality-control information is provided through record-flow summaries, exported mapping tables, assignment-type diagnostics, component percentage-sum flags, and removal counts for unresolved or inconsistent records. The dataset can be reused for sustainability and circularity applications including sorting-compatibility assessment, pre-processing-rule development, design-for-recycling evaluation, fibre-to-fibre recycling analysis, material-flow modelling, life-cycle inventory construction, and comparative studies of online garment information.

Neonicotinoids (NNIs) are the most widely used class of insecticides globally, characterized by high insecticidal activity and low acute toxicity to mammals. However, their extensive application has led to widespread contamination of freshwater and seawater ecosystems-via agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and even indirect exposure through contaminated feed. Teleosts, as key aquatic organisms in both natural ecosystems and aquaculture systems, are inevitably exposed to environmental concentrations of NNIs. This review systematically synthesizes the toxic mechanisms, multilevel adverse effects, and potential detoxification strategies of NNIs targeting farmed teleosts. Key findings include species-specific toxicity profiles and multi-pathway detoxification strategies. It highlights specific toxicity data of representative NNIs, metabolite toxicity, temperature-dependent effects, and transgenerational risks, and reviews detoxification advances focusing on low-cost, aquaculture-compatible methods. Although direct evidence from farmed species under production conditions remains limited, this review synthesizes available toxicological data from laboratory studies (including model organisms and selected farmed teleosts) to provide a mechanistic basis for NNIs risk assessment and to identify priority research needs for aquaculture applications. Neonicotinoids are the world's most widely used insecticides. They wash into rivers, lakes, and oceans via farm runoff and sewage. Farmed fish are constantly exposed to these chemicals in waters near agricultural areas. This review compiled the latest scientific research on neonicotinoids and farmed fish, aiming to clarify their toxic mechanisms, multilevel harms to fish, and practical, low&#x2010;cost detoxification methods suitable for fish. Neonicotinoids and their breakdown products damage fish's nervous system, reproduction, growth, and immunity. Only a few probiotics show partial protective effects, while plant&#x2010;based detoxification solutions remain largely unstudied for fish. Neonicotinoid contamination threatens global aquaculture sustainability and food safety. Our findings provide actionable scientific guidance for farmers, researchers, and policymakers to manage pesticide risks and safeguard aquatic food supplies.