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Drawing on social identity theory (SIT), this qualitative study examines how AI adoption threatens the professional social identity of content creators in Vietnamese communications agencies and the identity-management strategies they employ in response. Despite research on technological disruption and professional identity in Western contexts, the role of cultural values in moderating identity threat and coping processes remains underexplored, particularly in collectivist Asian societies, where group membership rather than individual competence constitutes the primary source of self-concept. Through semi-structured interviews with 25 content creators across communications agencies in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, we identified four forms of identity threat: competence threat, distinctiveness threat, categorization threat, and value threat. The findings reveal that Vietnamese content creators predominantly employ collective identity redefinition rather than individual repositioning or direct resistance, reflecting Vietnam's collectivist cultural orientation, high power distance, and face concerns. Participants reframed AI as a tool that enables a focus on strategic and culturally nuanced work, particularly Vietnamese cultural understanding, while delegating mechanical tasks, thereby preserving professional group distinctiveness through shared narratives rather than individual competitive positioning. This study demonstrates that cultural context fundamentally moderates the forms of identity threat that prove most salient and the coping strategies that are employed, contributing to cross-cultural organizational psychology and challenging Western-centric assumptions about professional identity transformation during technological disruption. Practically, the findings suggest that Western change management approaches emphasizing individual adaptation may prove ineffective in collectivist cultures, necessitating culturally responsive AI integration strategies that facilitate collective sense-making rather than mandating individual skill development.

The metaphor of "scaffolding" originates from developmental psychology, and has become a central theoretical concept that plays explanatory roles in psychology, developmental biology, and evolutionary biology. In developmental psychology, the scaffolding process is typically characterized as a child's temporary reliance on external structure in training activities, which leads to long-term transformation of the child's capacities. In recent attempts to clarify this concept for wider usage (e.g., Caporael, Griesemer, and Wimsatt 2014a, b; Neto et al. 2023), the temporariness of dependence on scaffolds is still seen as a typical, if not defining, feature of scaffolding explanations. In this paper, we follow Bill Wimsatt's footsteps (Wimsatt 2014a, 2019; Wimsatt and Griesemer 2007) in examining the development of skills that require complex developmental trajectories. Our cases are jazz improvisation and scientific expertise, both of which are distinctively social and improvisational. We argue that the social scaffolds required to reach the maturity of such expertise are continually required thereafter for maintenance and further development. This is because improvisational training is somewhat indistinguishable from improvisational performance, and performance in social expertise aims at interactions, communications, and rapport between interlocutors.

The increasing mental health gap in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) represents a significant global public health concern. Access to mental healthcare remains challenging due to stigma, lacking quality treatment options, and skilled workforce shortages. Tele-mental health, which involves remote access to care through information and communications technologies (ICTs) and mobile communication systems, may represent a promising solution. However, most research in this area has been conducted in high-income countries. This scoping review aimed to explore known barriers and facilitators to implementing tele-mental health solutions to populations in remote, rural, and underserved communities in LMICs to inform evidence-based development and implementation of digital interventions and strategies that can improve access to quality and affordable mental healthcare. Studies published between 2010 and 2024 were identified through comprehensive searches across four databases, namely PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and SpringerLink. Nine studies were included for analysis. Barriers and facilitators were categorised using the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation = Behaviour (COM-B) model. A narrative synthesis revealed several barriers for patients, primarily related to limited physical and social opportunities, such as lack of mobile devices, unstable or limited internet access, and lack of private space at home. Barriers for mental health providers were predominantly linked to psychological capability, including insufficient knowledge concerning tele-mental health interventions. Time and cost efficiencies were key facilitators for both service users and mental health service providers, which enhanced access to care. Infrastructure development, educational initiatives, and training for providers are essential to create a more equitable tele-mental healthcare system.

Returning to work after cancer offers important psychological and economic benefits. However, individuals with head and neck (H&N) cancer face a higher risk of leaving the workforce due to the functional consequences of treatments. This study examined the association between H&N cancer and job separation within 2 years of diagnosis and identified patient profiles at higher risk. An integrated database was created by linking the Turin Longitudinal Study, the regional Mandatory Communications archive, and the national INPS archive. Incident H&N cancer cases were identified through hospital discharge records, and employment status was defined using occupational data. Each worker with H&N cancer was matched with four cancer-free workers of similar sociodemographic characteristics (non-cases). Patient profiles were defined through latent class analysis. Robust Poisson models were used to estimate the risk of job separation. Between 2008 and 2020, 255 employed individuals were diagnosed with H&N cancer. They showed a twofold higher risk of job separation compared with matched non-cases (RR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.59-2.51). Some profiles were more likely to exit the workforce, particularly workers with more severe disease (RR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04-4.42) or with lower education and higher socioeconomic deprivation (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02-2.95). H&N cancer diagnosis substantially increases the likelihood of job separation, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged workers. Identifying vulnerability profiles is essential for developing targeted return-to-work strategies. Integrated health and administrative data can support tailored interventions that better address survivors' long-term employment needs.

To identify latent profiles of change fatigue among nurses in Southwestern China and explore factors associated with distinct profiles. Healthcare resources in Southwestern China are unevenly distributed, and the region features considerable ethnic diversity. Against the backdrop of ongoing reforms in the healthcare system, nurses-as frontline implementers-are constantly exposed to intensive and frequent updates in policies, technologies, and workflows, making them susceptible to change fatigue. This sustained exposure precipitates "change fatigue," a syndrome that erodes psychological resilience and professional identity, and is prospectively linked to heightened turnover intention, measurable deterioration in nursing quality and an increased incidence of patient-safety events. From July to September 2025, we recruited nurses from various tiers and types of medical institutions across Southwestern China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Change-Related Stress Scale, the Grandey Emotional Labor Strategy Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Chinese Nurse Job Stressors Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify subgroups of change fatigue. Univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression with Firth's penalized likelihood estimation were used to examine factors associated with profile membership. A total of 1383 valid questionnaires were included. LPA revealed three distinct profiles of change fatigue: low fatigue (17.5%, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;242), moderate fatigue (61.6%, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;852), and high fatigue (20.9%, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;289). Multinomial logistic regression showed that nurses in the high fatigue group were significantly more likely to work in the intensive care unit (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.31, 95% CI: 1.40-3.85, p = 0.001) and internal medicine (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.12, 95% CI: 1.26-3.61, p = 0.005). Working 1-2 night shifts per week increased odds of high fatigue by 53% (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.53, 95% CI: 1.03-2.27, p = 0.034). Compared with minimal emotional labor (Level 1, 14-30 points), both moderate (Level 2, 31-50 points: OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.14, p = 0.030) and high (Level 3, 51-70 points: OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.09, p = 0.010) emotional labor levels were associated with significantly lower odds of high fatigue, suggesting that deficient emotional labor engagement may represent a risk configuration. Work stress Level 3 increased odds of high fatigue 33-fold (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;32.71, 95% CI: 13.27-103.37, p < 0.001). Psychological resilience showed no independent significant association with profile membership in multivariate models. Change fatigue exhibits a heterogeneous tripartite structure. Minimal emotional labor engagement (Level 1) was associated with higher odds of high fatigue compared with moderate and high levels, suggesting that deficient emotional labor may represent a distinct risk configuration. Both modifiable workplace factors (ICU/internal medicine placement, night shifts, and job stress) and emotional labor patterns were associated with profile membership, supporting the potential value of organizational interventions and targeted emotional labor training. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for precision prevention. Nursing leaders should integrate the six-item Change Fatigue Measurement Scale into routine occupational health surveillance to enable profile-based risk stratification. High-fatigue nurses (20.9%) require immediate workload relief and mental health referral; moderate-fatigue nurses (61.6%) represent a critical prevention window for resilience training and peer support; low-fatigue nurses (17.5%) should serve as peer mentors and change champions. Priority interventions should target ICU and internal medicine units given the 2- to 2.3-fold increased high-fatigue risk. Leaders should limit consecutive night duties to &#x2264;&#x2009;2 shifts, ensure &#x2265;&#x2009;11&#x2009;h rest between shifts, and enforce weekly overtime caps (&#x2264;&#x2009;8&#x2009;h). Differentiated emotional labor training is essential: Nurses with minimal engagement need professional identity strengthening and authentic expression workshops, while those with excessive engagement require boundary-setting training and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Resilience-building interventions must be embedded within organizational support initiatives rather than implemented as standalone programs. In ethnically diverse, resource-constrained contexts, culturally tailored change communications and phased implementation timelines are critical to avoid "reform stacking."

Widespread change toward transactional and technological health care is contrary to the generalist philosophy and is challenging the ability of family medicine physicians to enact its values and meet patient needs. This research seeks to build understanding of generalism by asking international generalist physicians to reflect on the often tacit features of generalism that provide much of its value. Researchers conducted a 2-phase qualitative study. Phase 1 consisted of Zoom (Zoom Video Communications, Inc) individual interviews with 13 international generalist physicians and researchers. Phase 2 included personal reflections to prompts via an app and handwritten reflections after small group conversations among 89 generalist physicians and primary care researchers at an international family physician conference. Combining data from both phases 1 and 2, we discerned themes in an iterative, reflexive analysis. Analyses identified 3 themes: (1) "The Way" of being of the generalist; with subthemes of "anything and everything," "putting all the pieces back together," "walking the journey together," and "widening my small world"; (2) "The Privilege" of emotional connection and gratefulness toward patients for meaningful work, with subthemes of "privilege that touches you" and "privilege of holistic care"; and (3) "The Indescribable Whole" of the valuable, but often invisible and misunderstood essence of generalism, with subthemes of "a great big huge idea," "deep care," and "invisible when done well." These findings bring to light the integrative, relational, wholistic work of the generalist physician. Understanding, valuing, and supporting these aspects of generalist care could serve as an antidote to health care systems that are increasingly fragmented, impersonal, and ineffective.

Adolescent suicide rates have risen over the past two decades, underscoring the need for improved risk detection strategies. Although natural language processing (NLP) tools are increasingly used to flag suicide-related content, little is known about how such approaches perform on adolescents' smartphone communications. Addressing this gap, this study leverages passively collected smartphone data to identify suicide-related language in adolescents' keyboard usage via NLP. We developed a lexicon of suicide-related adolescent language and validated it with labeled data (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;171,468 text entries; e.g., messages, web searches), demonstrating higher performance in identifying suicide-related text than few-shot prediction with large language models (LLMs) and lexicons not designed for youth. Across two independent cohorts at elevated suicide risk (Ns&#x2009;=&#x2009;208 & 257; >6 million text entries), lifetime suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) and current suicidal ideation were associated with increased frequency of smartphone suicide-related language. Human coding indicated varied language, including authentic first-person current suicidal ideation (14.5%) and jokes or hyperbole (20.2%). Compared with the lexicon alone, human coding of suicide-related entries with first-person language showed stronger associations with STB history. These findings highlight that effective NLP-based tools for suicide prevention will require more nuanced and context-specific approaches to better distinguish suicidal intent.

To test the relationships between reasons for using e-cigarettes and responses to the FDA nicotine addiction warning and explore differences in associations by exclusive e-cigarette use versus dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. In a within-subjects experiment, young adults who currently used e-cigarettes (N&#xa0;=&#xa0;353) evaluated 11 e-cigarette advertisements that included the U.S. FDA text addiction warning on a range of cognitive and affective outcomes such as worry about health harms, discouragement to use e-cigarettes, and perceptions of e-cigarettes as a healthy alternative to cigarettes; and they answered questions about their reasons for using e-cigarettes. Those who dual use reported stronger reasons to reduce cigarettes relative to those using e-cigarettes exclusively. The two groups did not differ on social context or sensory experience reasons for using e-cigarettes. Stronger endorsement of any reason for use was associated positively with higher cognitive and emotional responses across most responses to the FDA e-cigarette warning, and this was most consistent for social context reasons to use. Use group moderated this relationship, particularly for endorsement of social context reasons, such that those who exclusively used had stronger responses to the warning. Use motivations could be helpful in tailoring health communications for youth and young adults so that they help mitigate e-cigarette marketing strategies that target this vulnerable population. Young adults who use e-cigarettes do so for a number of reasons. Reasons for using e-cigarettes may contribute to how young adults who use e-cigarettes respond to e-cigarette health warnings. Consideration of reasons to use e-cigarettes could contribute to approaches to educate and inform about health harms of e-cigarettes.

Current efforts to understand Large Language Models (LLMs) are largely metaphorical. Researchers map LLMs onto familiar domains, from physics and neuroscience to psychology and sociology, each illuminating specific facets while obscuring others. We chart these metaphors across mechanistic, behavioral, and interactive scales and delineate their explanatory boundaries. Crucially, this metaphorical projection creates a recursive loop of anthropomorphism, fueling the "genuine understanding" versus "pattern matching" impasse. As an alternative approach, we propose machine experientialism, positing that LLMs build their own form of understanding from training corpora. The priority shifts from cataloging LLMs' human-like traits to uncovering their distinct logic that emerges from this text-based world.

The prosocial function of gratitude is well-established in bilateral situations. However, its role in situations with multiple potential benefactors is unclear. As the number of potential benefactors increases, prosocial decisions become more complex due to the diffusion of responsibility and uncertainty about others' intentions. In this registered report, we examined whether gratitude promotes prosocial behaviour in situations with multiple potential benefactors and whether it moderates the inhibitory effect of their increasing number. Participants (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;867) were randomly assigned to gratitude, calm, or neutral conditions. They decided whether to allocate resources to a beneficiary in the presence of one, three, or five potential benefactors. The results demonstrated the bystander effect, showing that prosocial behaviour declined as the number of potential benefactors increased. Although gratitude promoted prosocial behaviour, it did not moderate the inhibitory effect of increasing the number of potential benefactors on prosocial behaviour. These findings reveal the effects and scope of gratitude's prosocial function, indicating that gratitude promotes prosocial behaviour but does not moderate the bystander effect.

Empathy lies at the core of social interactions, particularly in intimate relationships, yet few laboratory tasks are designed to capture empathy in interpersonal contexts-especially those requiring individuals to simultaneously process social information directed toward both the self and a romantic partner. In this exploratory study, 131 adults (from 71 romantic couples) completed a neuroimaging paradigm that manipulated whether positive or negative partner-directed feedback was presented alone or alongside self-directed feedback. The partner-alone feedback contrasts (partner-directed feedback alone versus a neutral control condition) robustly engaged brain regions associated with empathic responding, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction. Notably, during the incongruent feedback contrasts-simultaneous conflicting self- and partner-directed feedback versus self-directed feedback alone-participants exhibited diminished affective and brain responses but evidenced unique brain activity in frontoparietal areas frequently associated with cognitive control (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and supramarginal gyrus). Furthermore, when responding to positive partner-directed feedback in the presence of negative self-directed feedback, enhanced activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was associated with lower self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation and more partner-rated support provided in everyday life. Taken together, these findings suggest that salient self-focused information may dampen individuals' emotional and neural responses to their partners' uplifting and critical feedback, that emotion regulation tendencies may be an important between-subjects moderator of this effect, and that individual differences in spontaneous neural responses during this task were associated with meaningful real-world outcomes, although further validation and replication are warranted.

Human relationships form a complex web of affiliative and antagonistic ties. Yet how the brain represents their affective structures remains unclear. Here, using a television drama depicting intertwined friendships and rivalries, we examined how the brain encodes the valence of interpersonal relationships. Participants underwent fMRI scanning before and after watching the drama while viewing the faces of its central characters. They then rated each character pair for relationship strength and valence, and whole-brain representational similarity analysis (RSA) identified brain regions representing these relational structures. Relationship valence effects were most prominent for antagonistic (negative) relationships in the left anterior supramarginal gyrus and right medial prefrontal cortex. Univariate analyses revealed increased activation in the precuneus after drama viewing, suggesting enhanced retrieval of narrative-related person knowledge, though this region did not show statistically significant representational similarity patterns reflecting interpersonal relationships. These findings indicate that the human brain constructs a multidimensional social map from narrative experience, with antagonistic ties playing important role in shaping social relationship representations.

Dysmenorrhea, painful menstruation, affects 20-90% of women and it can significantly impair their quality of life. To evaluate the severity and consequences of dysmenorrhea specific questionnaires have been developed. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Dysmenorrhea Symptoms Interference Scale (DSI) for the Serbian-speaking population and assess its psychometric properties. This study included 350 Serbian-speaking female students with primary dysmenorrhea symptoms at least once during the past 12 months attending health sciences at the University of Pristina temporarily settled in Kosovska Mitrovica. They completed the general socio-epidemiologic questionnaire, the DSI and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The DSI was translated according to the recommended methodology for the cultural adaptation of questionnaires, and its psychometric characteristics (internal consistency, validity based on internal structure, discriminant and convergent validity) were tested. There were no major changes in the items during the process of translation or validation. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.928, whereas if an item was deleted, it was above 0.8 for all items. The McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.951, indicating good internal consistency. The CI&#x2012;TC coefficients were greater than 0.40 for all the items, indicating that all the items were significant elements of the DSI. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed one-factor structure of the Serbian DSI version (total variance explained 64.16%). Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate values of fit indices (goodness of fit 0.998; root mean square error of approximation 0.032). The DSI significantly correlated (&#x3c1;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.520; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.001) with DASS-21, confirming its adequate convergent validity. Moreover, DSI scores significantly (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.001) differed between students with mild and severe dysmenorrhea proving good discriminant validity. The Serbian version of the DSI showed adequate psychometric properties and it can be applied both in research and in broad clinical use.

Adolescence has been proposed as a second sensitive period of development with heightened sensitivity to socio-cultural processing. However, age-specific relationships between adverse social experiences and internalising symptoms are unclear. In this study, we used self-reported data at yearly intervals from age 10 to 21 years from the UK Household Longitudinal (UKHLS) Study. We investigated individual differences in how internalising symptoms change with age and whether there are differences in sensitivity to adverse social experiences (bullying and social exclusion). We captured the relationship between bullying and internalising symptoms from age 10 to 15 years (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;10,285) and social exclusion and internalising symptoms from age 16 to 21 years (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;11,623) by leveraging latent growth curve models with time-varying covariates. More bullying was associated with greater internalising symptoms, and there was evidence for age-specific sensitivity at yearly intervals from age 10-15 years (estimates = .541-.714, standardised estimates: .270-.400, ps&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001, FDR corrected ps&#x2009;<&#x2009;.05). From ages 16-21, higher feelings of social exclusion were associated with greater internalising symptoms (est = .312, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), and the strength of this relationship remained stable over time. This evidence shows that vulnerability to adverse social experiences varies over age, and more so between age 10-15 years. The findings highlight: 1) the role of adverse social experiences in internalising symptoms with yearly precision, 2) the relevance of age-specific vulnerabilities to adverse social experiences, 3) and the importance of considering sensitivities beyond age 18 years.

This study investigated the influence of room acoustics, specifically reverberation time, on switching auditory selective attention. Two classroom scenarios were simulated using the room acoustic software raven: one with favorable acoustic properties (T30=0.48&#x2009;s) and one with unfavorable properties (T30=1.52&#x2009;s). In a listening experiment with 16 adult participants, both scenarios were live-rendered using the ravenintegration for Virtual Acoustics in Unity to examine auditory attention switching in an audiovisual virtual classroom. Reaction times were unaffected by reverberation. However, participants made significantly more errors in the unfavorable condition compared to the favorable and anechoic scenarios. Results further suggest that long reverberation times impaired the spatial separation between target and distractor sounds, leading to reduced performance in the attention-switching task. Post-experiment questionnaires indicated lower perceived speech intelligibility and higher listening effort in the highly reverberant condition. These findings demonstrate that reverberation consistent with realistic classroom acoustics can impair auditory selective attention in an audiovisual virtual reality scenario, highlighting the importance of incorporating room acoustic conditions when investigating complex listening tasks.

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a clinically important subtype of schizophrenia, but its cognitive characteristics remain incompletely understood. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is widely used to assess executive dysfunction in schizophrenia, although conventional summary analyses may overlook trial-by-trial behavioral adaptation. This study aimed to examine whether recent trial outcome modulates subsequent responding differently between TRS and non-TRS patients during the WCST. We analyzed WCST data from 41 outpatients with schizophrenia, including 13 patients with TRS and 28 with non-TRS. Conventional subject-level indices, including perseveration rate and outcome-dependent reaction time (RT) adjustment, were first compared between groups. We then performed trial-level linear mixed-effects analyses using log-transformed RT as the dependent variable, with previous trial correctness, treatment resistance, their interaction, age, and sex as fixed effects. Additional sensitivity analyses included models with by-subject random slopes for previous trial correctness and analysis in an age-matched sample. Conventional summary analyses showed no significant group differences in perseveration rate or RT measures. In the primary model, previous trial correctness significantly modulated subsequent RT, and the interaction between previous trial correctness and TRS suggested a group difference in outcome-dependent RT modulation. Specifically, the RT difference between trials following error and correct responses appeared smaller in TRS patients than in non-TRS patients. However, sensitivity analyses using by-subject random slopes and an age-matched sample showed similar directions and magnitudes of the interaction but did not reach statistical significance. Conventional WCST summary analyses did not distinguish TRS from non-TRS patients, whereas trial-level modeling provided preliminary evidence for possible alteration of outcome-dependent response adjustment in TRS. These findings suggest that dynamic behavioral phenotypes may provide a useful complement to standard neuropsychological indices in characterizing cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia, but replication in larger samples is needed.

Emergency call takers and dispatchers (ECDs) are routinely exposed to emotionally intense and highly stressful events, placing them at elevated risk for mental health challenges. Despite their critical role in emergency response, ECDs remain underrepresented in occupational mental health research, and it is unclear why some adapt more effectively than others under chronic stress. Cognitive appraisal theory suggests that differences in emotional reactivity-how individuals evaluate stimuli in terms of arousal and valence-may contribute to this variation. To test this, a sample of ECDs provided open-ended narratives of a stressful work-related event and completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Narratives were analyzed using natural language processing to quantify emotional reactivity through the usage of high and low arousal language, and positively and negatively valenced language. Analyses revealed that greater use of negatively valenced language significantly predicted higher depression and anxiety, whereas positively valenced and arousal language did not. Stress symptoms were not significantly predicted by any linguistic markers of emotional reactivity. Follow-up analyses showed that individuals with moderate or higher depression and anxiety used significantly more negatively valenced language than those below threshold. These findings suggest that negatively valenced language serves as a robust marker of psychological distress among ECDs, even when narratives are elicited in contexts that naturally evoke negative emotion. Results highlight the potential of language-based tools for early, unobtrusive detection of distress, offering scalable approaches to promote resilience and support well-being in this critical workforce.

Synchrony refers to similarity in movement between different actors such as dancing, clapping, or singing together. Prior research demonstrates that synchrony often elicits emotions that may be characterized as aesthetic or self-transcendent (e.g., awe, connectedness). Our research situated the concept of synchrony in media contexts, examining viewers' affective responses to videos featuring synchronous movement. Study 1 employed an experiment, showing that synchronized videos elicited greater awe, with awe associated with a host of prosocial outcomes reflecting connectedness and motivations to do good. Study 2 employed content analytic procedures to examine how the synchrony present in a large sample of YouTube videos was associated with user comments reflecting self-transcendent emotions, and how these emotions were associated with the salience of moral foundations. The results showed that synchrony was associated with greater feelings of awe, admiration, and elevation. Further, comments reflecting self-transcendence were associated with the salience of moral foundations, and particularly the foundation of care.

Despite widespread acceptance of the oral polio vaccine (OPV), vaccine hesitancy towards OPV in some countries presents a barrier to global eradication efforts. Between 2021 and 2022, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative implemented OPV campaigns concurrently with the roll-out of Covid-19 vaccines, for which vaccine hesitancy is well-documented. We sought to understand stakeholder perceptions of OPV and Covid-19 vaccines in Cameroon and Ethiopia. We implemented 32 focus group discussions (16 per country) with n = 216 caregivers of children under 5 and polio frontline workers to understand reasons for hesitancy, which included: fear of side effects, fear of vaccine overdosing, religious leaders being against vaccines and a lack of confidence in health workers, among others. These concerns were especially prominent toward the introduction of Covid-19 vaccines, less so toward OPV. Hesitancy reasons were more often reported as a concern held by community members, rather than participants themselves. Despite concerns, 69% of Ethiopian and 57% of Cameroonian respondents had received a Covid-19 vaccine. Our findings suggest a need for continued efforts to listen to caregiver and health worker concerns and co-create local solutions to enhance vaccine acceptability. Building trust amongst populations and addressing commonly held misconceptions is integral to vaccine introduction plans.