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Scientists have uncovered a key brain signal that helps us break old habits and adapt when circumstances suddenly change。 By watching mice navigate a virtual maze, researchers found that disappointment—when an expected reward failed to appear—triggered a surge of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, making the animals more likely to try a new strate

"I consider this a success already, just from the fact that we're even going to try this

A new theory suggests the universe is constantly recording its own history in the fabric of spacetime。 If correct, this cosmic memory could help solve some of the biggest puzzles in physics, from black holes to dark matter and the universe’s ultimate fate

Millipedes may have been crawling across Earth's landscapes nearly 460 million years ago, long before vertebrates ventured onto land。 A new study finally completes their evolutionary family tree, revealing surprising clues about these ancient ecosystem engineers and their early chemical defenses

Scientists are beginning to explore a hidden world of thousands of food chemicals that go far beyond the nutrients listed on nutrition labels。 This “nutritional dark matter” may hold the key to understanding disease risk, healthy aging, and why different diets affect people in dramatically different ways

Parrots may be doing more than just repeating words—they may actually use names。 By analyzing hundreds of recordings from pet parrots, researchers found evidence that many birds use specific names to identify particular people, animals, and even individual companions。 Some parrots appeared to refer to someone who wasn’t present, while others used n

A new catalyst design could significantly improve the conversion of CO2 into methanol, an important fuel and chemical feedstock。 Researchers separated key reaction steps across different catalyst sites, avoiding a long-standing trade-off between speed and efficiency。 The result was about three times more methanol production than standard commercial

MIT researchers have shown that one fuel can power both chemical and electric spacecraft thrusters, potentially transforming what small satellites can do。 The approach combines quick bursts of speed with highly efficient long-range propulsion in a single compact system。 A NASA-supported CubeSat mission will soon test the technology in orbit

A lightweight new X-ray telescope could finally give scientists something they’ve never had before: a complete chemical map of the Moon。 Researchers used detailed mission simulations to show that a compact telescope orbiting the Moon could identify key elements across the entire lunar surface, helping reveal how the Moon formed and evolved

Kevin Roose and Casey Newton explain why they try to include “a little chaos” when they record their New York Times tech podcast in front of a crowd in San Francisco