This cross-sectional study examines whether differences in social-face sensitivity and conspicuous consumption tendencies emerge among South Korean Generation Z sports consumers according to their propensity for impulse buying. While prior research has examined these constructs independently, their integration within digitally mediated sports consumption contexts remains limited. Drawing upon impulse-buying theory and social-face theory, this study investigates whether dispositional impulse-buying propensity is systematically associated with socially evaluative sensitivity and identity-expressive consumption orientations. Data were collected from 234 South Korean Gen Z consumers and analyzed using one-way MANOVA. Results indicated that the high impulse-buying group scored significantly higher in public self-consciousness, social self-shaming tendency, and all sub-factors of conspicuous consumption, whereas no significant difference was found in social formality. These findings suggest statistically significant group-based associations between impulse-buying propensity and both face-related sensitivity and conspicuous consumption orientations within the collectivist cultural context of South Korea. By positioning impulse-buying propensity as a dispositional segmentation variable linked to socially visible consumption patterns, this study contributes to the theoretical integration of impulse-buying and social-face perspectives in sports marketing research. However, given the cross-sectional design, the findings should be interpreted as relational rather than causal.
The rapid rise of livestream social commerce has reshaped online shopping by combining algorithmic personalization, entertainment, and real-time persuasion. However, how algorithmic quality, algorithmic governance, and hedonic experience jointly influence impulse-buying intentions across different digital shopping contexts remains insufficiently understood. Drawing on dual-process perspectives from persuasion and stimulus-organism-response theories, this study develops a dual-route framework explaining how algorithmic and psychological factors drive impulse buying through cue-driven and confidence-based mechanisms. Survey data were collected from 564 Chinese consumers, evenly split between livestream commerce and conventional online marketplaces. The results suggest selective contextual differences. In livestream settings, algorithmic quality and governance function as salient cues that directly stimulate impulse-buying intentions. In contrast, in marketplace environments, hedonic motivation and algorithmic governance primarily influence impulse buying indirectly by strengthening consumers' decision confidence. Configurational analysis further identifies multiple sufficient combinations of technological and motivational conditions that lead to high impulse-buying intentions, demonstrating equifinality across contexts. By integrating algorithmic quality and governance into a dual-route impulse-buying model, this study advances understanding of how transparency and system design actively shape spontaneous consumer behavior. The findings also offer practical guidance for designing transparent, confidence-enhancing, and ethically responsible recommendation systems in digital commerce.
Although compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) has over 100 years of clinical history, its nosology remains a topic of debate. In 2021, Müller and colleagues published a set of diagnostic criteria for the disorder based on a Delphi consensus study. The present study evaluated these criteria among 51 participants who reported a lived experience of CBSD and examined whether their experiences aligned with the components model of addiction. Participants were interviewed using a semistructured interview. Transcripts were analyzed using directed content analysis. Most participants reported a persistent and excessive pattern of buying/shopping, diminished control over buying/shopping, buying/shopping for mood modification, experiencing clinically significant distress and impairment, and continuation despite negative consequences. We recommend these symptoms be considered essential features of CBSD, along with ruling out other explanations for the buying/shopping behavior. Intrusive thoughts and preoccupation with buying/shopping, tolerance, and withdrawal were less common, and we recommend these be considered additional, but not required, features of CBSD. Given these findings and evidence that tolerance and withdrawal are not necessary or sufficient components of addiction, we recommend that CBSD be considered a behavioral addiction. Future research should use these empirically informed criteria to develop and validate a structured diagnostic interview to be used in field studies to formally recognize CBSD as a mental disorder. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
To address the question of whether pathological buying/shopping differs from both risky and non-problematic buying/shopping. Post-hoc analysis of data collected within the Addiction Research Unit FOR2974. Three predefined groups, as determined by face-to-face diagnostic interviews, were compared: with pathological (pBSh, n = 62), risky (rBSh, n = 62), and non-problematic (control group, CG, n = 117) buying/shopping. Questionnaires were used to assess symptom severity (according to ICD-11 criteria for disorders due to addictive behaviors), functional impairment, craving, experience of gratification/compensation (all modified for buying/shopping), self-esteem, materialism, anxiety, depression, impulsiveness, and self-directedness. The laboratory testing included a cue reactivity paradigm and Go/No-Go affective shifting task with shopping-related cues, and standard tests for general cognitive functions (Stroop test, modified card sorting test, game of dice task, delay discounting task). The pBSh group exhibited more pathological scores in the questionnaires assessing ICD-11 criteria/features for disorders due to addictive behaviors (including distress, harm, gratification/compensation), self-esteem, anxiety, depression and steeper delay discounting than the other groups. Moreover, the pBSh group scored higher on materialism and impulsiveness, showed higher craving, and poorer performance in the Go/No-Go task than the CG. Applying Bonferroni corrected p-values, the groups did not differ in the Stroop test, modified card sorting test and game of dice task. Pathological buying/shopping represents a distinct clinical syndrome that reflects underlying affective and cognitive dysfunctions and results in clinically significant distress and impairments. The findings provide further evidence of its classification as a disorder due to addictive behaviors.
Compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) is associated with emotional distress, reduced daily functioning, and frequent comorbid mental health conditions. In previous research, CBSD has traditionally been conceptualized as a predominantly female disorder, with most existing data derived from primarily female samples. This study examined gender differences in a treatment-seeking sample with CBSD, focusing on sociodemographic factors, mental comorbidities, buying/shopping preferences, symptom severity, and therapy participation. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 141 adults (73.8% women) diagnosed with CBSD at an outpatient clinic for behavioral addictions (2017-2025). Data included sociodemographic variables, ICD-10 comorbidities, buying/shopping environment, preferred consumer products, and group therapy attendance. Psychometric measures (Pathological Buying Screener, PBS; Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7, GAD-7; Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) assessed symptoms of CBSD, anxiety, and depression. Group comparisons used Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Women more often compulsively purchased clothing, shoes, bags, cosmetics, and jewelry (all p ≤ .004, V = 0.18-0.36); men preferred electronics (p < .001, V = 0.32). Women showed slightly higher CBSD severity (PBS: Mdn = 56 vs. 52, p = .044, r = .17). Overall, no significant differences between women and men were found in comorbid mental disorders, neither in GAD-7/PHQ-9 scores (all p > .05) nor in clinical diagnoses (all p > .004 after Bonferroni correction). No group differences emerged for age, education, relationship status, or therapy participation (all p > .05). Gender differences in CBSD presentation-particularly regarding product preferences-emphasize the need for gender-sensitive perspectives to enhance treatment outcomes, while also highlighting that men and women differ only in specific aspects.
Improving our understanding of how demographic and drug use factors shape social media drug market engagement is integral to targeting harm reduction and prevention responses to high-risk drug use and digital harm. To identify demographics and drug use patterns that correlate with using specific social media platforms to purchase drugs. An anonymous online survey of New Zealanders who use drugs (N = 10,781) was used to explore social media drug purchasing. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify demographic and drug use correlates of using Facebook/Messenger, Snapchat, Instagram or high security apps (Telegram, Signal, Wickr) to purchase drugs. Sixteen percent reported purchasing drugs via social media (n = 1731). Facebook/Messenger was most used (54.2 %), followed by Snapchat (47.5), Instagram (24.7) and high security apps (17.6). Respondents aged under 30 were more likely to report using Snapchat and less likely to report using Facebook/Messenger or high security apps. Snapchat purchasers were more likely to be Asian, students, use MDMA/ecstasy and cocaine, and purchase via "friends/family". High security app purchasers were more likely to identify as male, reside in urban areas, use methamphetamine, psychedelics and cocaine, and purchase from a "drug dealer". Facebook/Messenger purchasers were more likely to report a low income, reside in small town/rural area; and purchase from "gang members", "drug dealers" and "friends/family". Instagram purchasers were more likely to report cocaine use and purchasing from "friends/family". Use of social media apps for drug buying are influenced by demographics (mainly age), drug market contexts, and drug type used.
Severe early childhood caries (SECC) in preschool children is a progressive, multifactorial disease with far-reaching consequences for child health, family functioning, and health systems. Minimally invasive dentistry (MID), particularly 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), is increasingly used to arrest lesions and "buy time" when definitive restorative care is delayed. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence-based guidelines and real-world utilization data to clarify the appropriate role and limits of SDF in SECC management. Professional guidance supports SDF for lesion arrest within an ongoing caries management plan, but does not endorse it as a universal long-term substitute for durable restorative care. Observational studies show that many SDF-treated primary teeth receive additional intervention within approximately 2 years, and any delay in sedation/general anesthesia is typically measured in weeks to months. A large recent private practice study found that 35% of children with caries progressed to higher-intensity treatment (restoration or extraction) over a median of 547 days, reinforcing the time-limited nature of interim stabilization. We propose a "preservation-to-precision" framework that prioritizes child-centered outcomes-freedom from pain and infection, durable function, and acceptable psychosocial impact-through risk-based, tooth- and child-specific planning, realistic follow-up assessment, and clear exit criteria for transition to definitive care. In high-income settings, the ethical value of "buying time" depends on whether systems use that time to advance children toward timely, definitive care rather than normalizing prolonged temporization as routine practice.
Over the past decade, the cosmetic industry has increasingly adopted green practices in response to customers' growing environmental concerns and the need to support environmental sustainability. Although there is extensive literature on green cosmetics buying behaviour, understanding how customers' extra-role behaviours respond to these green practices is still a challenging and understudied topic. This study, based on social exchange theory, investigates how perceptions of green cosmetic product attributes influence customer citizenship behaviour intention (Green CBBi) (Hassan et al., 2025). It explicitly investigates whether green product values and green credibility stimulated by green cosmetic product attributes bolster green brand connection, which in turn fosters Green CBBi and the moderating mechanism of brand neophobia in this association. The hypothesised propositions were tested using a mixed-methods approach. The present study employed a grounded theory approach to identify themes and variables using in-depth interviews. The conceptual framework was then empirically tested using Hayes' PROCESS macro with Model 80 to test hypothesised mediation effects and Model 15 for moderated mediation association with the outcome. The findings demonstrate that green cosmetic product attributes significantly affect intentions related to GCCBi, green perceived value, and green credibility. However, green perceived value does not mediate brand connection, whereas green credibility shows a negative indirect influence on brand connection, indicating a non-linear cognitive-affective process. These findings suggest that green branding strategies should achieve a balance between credibility-driven sustainability assertions and emotionally engaging, value-aligned engagement to effectively stimulate consumer behaviour.
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The nursing profession faces critical workforce shortages, intensified by high attrition linked to burnout and inadequate family supports. In the United States, maternity leave remains short and often unpaid, forcing premature returns to work that undermine health, family bonding, and career longevity. Although previous studies have quantified these outcomes, few have captured the moral distress and role strain experienced by nurse-mothers. To explore the lived experiences of nurse-mothers navigating maternity leave transitions within critical care settings. This study was guided by interpretive phenomenology. Purposive sampling was used to enroll 54 US critical care nurses in the study. Semistructured audiovisual interviews conducted between April and August 2024 were transcribed and analyzed using the hermeneutic circle. The analysis yielded 4 themes: (1) paid time off supplementation for maternity leave; (2) national responsibility in addressing unpaid, underpaid, and brief leave; (3) critical care nurses' need for more time; and (4) the need for additional support and adaptive policies. For critical care nurses, maternity leave often becomes a moral and existential dilemma shaped by time scarcity and financial strain, contributing to burnout and attrition. Evidence-based strategies to address the problem include front-loading paid leave, phased return-to-work options, and guaranteed lactation coverage. Aligning US policy with international standards regarding extended paid leave could promote retention, enhance staffing flexibility, and protect the quality of patient care.
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Impulsive buying behavior among youths, particularly in relation to clothing, represents a growing psychological and behavioral concern, often driven by cognitive distortions and difficulties in emotion regulation. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise in addressing maladaptive cognitions and behaviors; however, its targeted application to impulsive clothing purchases remains underexplored. Therefore, this study examined the effect of CBT on impulsive clothing buying behavior among young adults, with a specific focus on cognitive distortions and emotion regulation difficulties. A total of 122 eligible participants (aged 18-35 years) were recruited through purposive and convenience sampling from local communities, youth centers, and online platforms. Participants were randomly allocated via computer-generated randomization to either a CBT intervention group or a waitlist control group (1:1 ratio). Following attrition, 113 participants (53 in the CBT group and 60 in the control group) completed the study and were included in the final analysis. Only gender information was obtained at baseline, as participants were unwilling to provide additional demographic details. The intervention was delivered over 8 weekly sessions (90 minutes each) by licensed clinical psychologists trained in cognitive-behavioral approaches, under the supervision of a senior CBT consultant to ensure intervention fidelity. The CBT manual was adapted from A Therapist's Guide to Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Standardized measures included the Clothing-Related Impulsive Buying Scale, the Clothing-Related Cognitive Distortions Scale, and the Clothing-Related Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance to assess group differences while controlling for pretest scores. The CBT group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in impulsive clothing buying behavior (P < .001), cognitive distortions (P < .01), and emotion dysregulation (P < .01) compared with the control group. Effect sizes were moderate to large, indicating a meaningful therapeutic impact. CBT delivered by trained and supervised clinical psychologists was effective in reducing impulsive clothing buying behavior by addressing cognitive distortions and enhancing emotion regulation. These findings highlight the potential of tailored CBT interventions for managing impulsive buying tendencies, particularly in fashion-related contexts.
Teachers' mental health is increasingly challenged by ubiquitous digital demands, yet little is known about how specific constellations of online behaviors and compulsive buying cluster in this key professional group or how they map onto psychiatric symptomatology. This cross-sectional study examined problematic use of the internet, mobile phones, instant messaging, social networking sites and videogames, together with compulsive buying, in 1,043 in-service teachers from all educational stages in Spain. Participants completed validated self-report measures of problematic ICT use, compulsive buying, anxiety, depression and online vulnerability. Latent profile analysis combined with k-means clustering identified homogeneous behavioral profiles, and differences in affective symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics were tested using analysis of variance and chi-square tests. Four distinct profiles emerged. A low-risk group showed minimal problematic ICT use or compulsive buying and very low levels of anxiety, depression and online vulnerability. Two intermediate groups were characterized by predominantly ICT-related risk or predominantly compulsive buying, each showing specific and clinically relevant patterns of emotional symptoms. A high-risk group, overrepresented by younger and predominantly female teachers, displayed concurrent problematic ICT use and compulsive buying together with markedly elevated anxiety, depression and online vulnerability, accounting for a large share of the variance in mental health outcomes. Younger teachers were consistently more likely to belong to the high-risk profiles that carried the greatest psychological burden. These findings reveal substantial and clinically meaningful heterogeneity in digital and consumer risk behaviors among teachers and point to a subgroup with a profile compatible with behavioral addictions and significant psychiatric distress. The study underscores the importance of integrating digital-behavior screening into occupational mental health assessment in education and supports the development of targeted, profile-based interventions in digital literacy, emotion regulation and identity reinforcement to protect teachers' mental health in technology-rich environments.
The consumption of meat and high-fat foods is constantly discussed, with attention to their health and environmental consequences, as well as the barriers to changing current behaviors. The study aimed to examine how pro-environmental behavior, perceived food insecurity, and financial constraints correlate with intentions to limit meat and fat consumption among older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2025 among 475 individuals aged 60 to 92 years. The questionnaire includes scales that enable the calculation of four scores: Meat Reduction, Low Fat, Perceived Food Insecurity, and Lack of Financial Support. Additionally, questions about involvement in pro-ecological behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics were included. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between perceived food insecurity, lack of financial support, and pro-environmental behaviors (independent variables) and intentions to reduce meat (Model 1) and fat (Model 2) (dependent variables). Intentions to limit meat correlated positively with buying food produced in an environmentally friendly way (adjusted OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.56, 2.69), not wasting food (adjusted OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.51), and buying local food (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.82). Intentions to limit fat correlated positively with buying food produced in an environmentally friendly way (adjusted OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.18) and not wasting food (adjusted OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.76). No relationships were found between the lack of financial support and intentions to limit meat (p = 0.069) and fat (p = 0.600). The perceived food insecurity decreased the likelihood of intentions to restrict fat (adjusted OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.83), but not meat (p = 0.387). To better understand why experienced financial constraints did not influence the intention to reduce consumption of meat and high-fat products, further research is needed that focuses on motivation to change and the ability to change behavior among older people. Nevertheless, the results suggest that enhancing pro-environmental behaviors beyond those directly related to meat and fat consumption may facilitate reductions in meat and fat consumption through pro-environmental behavioral spillover.
This analysis examined associations between factors in the food environment and fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake among women living in rural Northern Tanzania. We used cross-sectional data from 2597 women and 1275 food sources. Women's self-reported factors included buying frequency, sources, availability, and convenience. We also measured women's access to F&V sources using geospatial measures of distance and time from home to the reported typical sources. Data from a 30-day F&V food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate two scores that captured intake frequency and variety. We conducted a descriptive analysis of indicators of women's experience and tested their associations with the scores using multivariable and Poisson regression models, controlling for covariates. On average, 5% and 35% of women reported buying F&V daily, respectively. Fruit was mostly bought from markets: F: 80%, V: 40%. Two-thirds of respondents perceived F&V as available (F: 65%, V: 60%). Median (IQR) distance and time to fruit sources were 9 km (2,19), 39 min (19,78), and to vegetable sources were 3 km (1,10), 32 min (8-69). Compared to women who reported making daily purchases of F&V, those who purchased weekly or monthly reported lower frequency and variety of F&V intake. Women's perceptions that F&V were less available and at a longer distance were associated with lower frequency and variety of vegetable intake.Buying frequency, perceived availability, and distance to markets were associated with women's frequency and variety of F&V intake, underscoring the need to consider these and other factors in food environments to increase F&V intake.
Cultivated meat represents an emerging approach to food production, yet its consumer adoption remains uncertain. Using an experimental mixed design, this study examined the impact of different informational messages on five indicators of cultivated meat acceptance in the UK (trying, wanting, liking, buying and incorporating into diet). A total of 346 participants (M = 25.6 years, 65% female) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: General Information, Social Norms, Environmental Impact, and Combined (integrating social norms and environmental impact). A questionnaire was used to ascertain baseline knowledge and participants' views of cultivated meat before and after viewing three condition-specific posters for 30 s each. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to examine changes across acceptance indicators following message exposure. Social norms messaging significantly increased participants' likelihood of liking (Z = -2.88, p = .004), buying (Z = -2.39, p = .017), and incorporating cultivated meat into their diet (Z = -2.22, p = .026). Environmental impact messaging showed inconsistent effects, while the combined information showed a positive trend only on a few measures of acceptance. The general information condition showed significant decreases in participants' likelihood to try (Z = -2.43, p = .015) and want (Z = -2.65, p = .008) cultivated meat. These findings suggest that social norms may play a particularly important role in shaping acceptance of cultivated meat and that strategically emphasising normative cues may be more effective than providing non-targeted or purely environmental information.
Consumers increasingly encounter sustainability messages not only through traditional advertising, but through interactive, AI-mediated interfaces on social platforms and e-commerce sites. Recent evidence suggests that green communication on social media can meaningfully shape green attitudes and behavioral intentions, yet the mechanisms by which AI chatbots amplify (or weaken) green marketing communication remain under-specified, particularly for high-impact categories such as smart home and consumer electronics. Grounded in the stimulus, organism-response framework, this study examines how green marketing communication transmitted via AI chatbots influences consumers' chatbot-influenced buying intention, and tests two complementary organismic pathways: eco-ad attention on social media and smart consumer social value. The model further evaluates whether consumer attitude toward AI decision-making strengthens these indirect effects. The study draws on an in-person survey of adult consumers in major Chinese cities (N = 489) and analyses the measurement and structural models using PLS-SEM. Results indicate that green marketing communication predicts chatbot-influenced buying intention both directly and indirectly through heightened eco-ad attention on social media and smart consumer social value, with the indirect effects becoming stronger among consumers who hold more favorable attitudes toward AI decision-making. The findings contribute by integrating green communication research with the rapidly expanding literature on AI chatbots as persuasive and recommendation agents, responding to calls to better explain when AI-enabled marketing interfaces build trust and translate sustainability messaging into consumer intentions.
Regional economic disparities in the United Kingdom lead to large differences in health. Previous attempts to address this issue have had limited success. Community Wealth Building is an economic strategy that aims to address these inequalities by redirecting wealth back into the local economy and increasing community control over the economy. The City of Preston initiated a Community Wealth Building strategy in 2012. We investigate the health impact of this approach in Preston up to 2019, a period during which their strategy largely focused on progressive procurement and the adoption of the Living Wage by employers within Preston. We estimate the impact of Community Wealth Building in Preston on mental health problems as measured by the Small Area Mental Health Index and its constituent components (antidepressants, depression diagnoses and mental health-related hospital attendances), self-reported life satisfaction, wages, employment and the number of non-profit enterprises. We use matching and difference-in-differences analysis to compare changes in outcomes in Preston before and after the intervention with changes in the outcomes in comparison areas. We use data on invoices and contracts issued by local authorities to compare procurement by Preston City Council with other similar local authorities, assessing the impact of local procurement on employment, wages and the cost of contracts. Finally, we use a combination of interviews and workshops to understand the process of change that has taken place in Preston and what has helped or hindered this. We found that, in Preston, the introduction of Community Wealth Building was associated with a reduction in mental health problems (-0.11 reduction in Small Area Mental Health Index, 95% confidence interval -0.16 to -0.06) alongside improvements in life satisfaction (0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 1.3), wages (£38 per week, 95% confidence interval £6.8 to £62.1), employment (4.1%, 95% confidence interval 2.3% to 5.8%) and a growth in non-profit enterprises (additional 20 enterprises 95% confidence interval 6 to 50). These economic improvements tended to be greatest among more disadvantaged groups, reducing inequalities. Preston City Council was much more likely to procure services from local suppliers compared to other similar local authorities, and this practice is likely to have contributed to these economic benefits. We found no evidence that procuring locally increased costs. Stakeholders in Preston highlighted that economic pathways to health impact were the most developed particularly in relation to procurement policy, while the community pathways to impact were less developed. Lack of widespread public involvement and engagement with smaller Voluntary, Community, Faith and Social Enterprise organisations in Preston had arguably limited the potential impact of Community Wealth Building in Preston. Despite this, appreciation for the approach and its aims remains strong. Community Wealth Building in Preston has led to economic gains that disproportionately benefited less advantaged groups, and this led to improvements in mental health and well-being. This seems to have been largely driven by changes in procurement practices of anchor institutions alongside policies to improve working conditions - such as the Living Wage. Future development should aim to shift the balance toward bottom-up civic engagement, which will help enhance sustainability of the approach. This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number NIHR130808. Economic differences between places lead to large differences in health, with poorer areas having poorer health. Community Wealth Building in Preston aimed to boost the economy for more disadvantaged groups by encouraging public sector and large charitable organisations to buy more services from local suppliers, help develop new charities and co-operatives and improve wages. By improving wages and reducing employment, which are important for good health, these changes could lead to improvements in health. We compared changes in mental health problems, well-being, wages, employment and the numbers of new charities established, in Preston, following this initiative, to changes in comparison areas with similar characteristics. We looked at contracts and invoices from local authorities across England to understand whether procurement practices were different in Preston compared to similar areas, whether this explained changes in the local economy and whether buying from local suppliers costs councils more than buying from further afield. We spoke to people from across Preston to understand what has helped or hindered these changes. Community Wealth Building in Preston led to a reduction in mental health problems, improved well-being, wages, employment and the establishment of new charities in Preston compared to the comparison areas. These improvements tended to be greatest in more disadvantaged groups. Preston City Council was more likely to buy services from local suppliers compared to other similar local authorities, and this practice is likely to have contributed to economic benefits. We found no evidence that procuring locally increased costs. People interviewed highlighted that the programme had initially focused on changes in how institutions spent their money, involvement of the public and community groups had been more limited. Community Wealth Building offers an effective strategy for promoting inclusive economic growth that improves mental health and well-being and reduces inequalities. Future development should aim for greater civic engagement.
The problems of consumer value in purchasing behavior are usually associated with their high degree of uncertainty, hesitation, and contradicting opinions among the decision-makers. Conventional fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy models cannot adequately represent such an achievement and directional uncertainty. Given this limitation, the study offers a novel hybrid multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) model that integrates weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) models into the circular spherical fuzzy set (CSFS) framework. The objective aspect of the proposed method is that it employs the CRITIC method to calculate the weight of the attributes based on the intensity of contrast, and the weighted product model is used to view the summation of the weighted attributes and product models. By doing so, the WASPAS method produces a strong alternative ranking. Representation of membership, abstinence, non-membership, and radius-based hesitation can be more expressive in the CSFS environment, which reflects the uncertainty of decision-makers in a more realistic way. The relevance and suitability of the proposed model are applied to a hypothetical case study of consumer value in buying behavior. The results indicate that "Simplifying the Buying Process" is the optimal strategy across all evaluation scenarios. Sensitivity and comparative analysis also prove the stability, robustness, and high-quality of the proposed CRITIC-WASPAS model in the framework of CSFS as compared to the current fuzzy decision-making methods. The proposed work offers feasible decision support to businesses and offers novel directions to advanced MAGDM applications in the face of complex uncertainty.