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The digitisation of herbarium collections is typically aimed at mobilising and distributing data about the specimens, while often omitting data about the individuals who contributed to the formation of these collections. Despite the obvious need to create databases of herbarium collectors, as well as to structure and standardise the data about them, there is currently no consolidated view on this regard. Many efforts have been made to develop various collector-centric databases, but there is no simple and quick way to present such data online by self-running herbaria or small initiatives. Therefore, here I introduce a framework that allows for easy configuration of WordPress to display data about herbarium collectors. This article describes the herbUA Collectors repo, allowing for the configuration of a standard WordPress installation for: (a) filling and online publishing the database of the herbarium collectors; (b) representing records about each collector as a single web page; (c) providing an interactive map search facility; (d) visualising the basic statistics on the database.
Despite more than a century of research (since 1896 to the present), a comprehensive summary of the spider fauna of the lowland part of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin is still lacking. The scattered and fragmentary nature of the available data hampers a thorough assessment of the species diversity and zoogeographical features of this territory. For the first time, based on original material, published scientific sources and records from open-access resources (GBIF, iNaturalist), a comprehensive assessment of the diversity of the spider fauna in the lowland and foothill arid parts of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin has been carried out. To date, this is the only and most complete list of spiders in the region.Original records are presented, including rare and little-known species for the region, with refined data on their ranges. The quality of open-access data was evaluated and its main shortcomings were identified. It is shown that, with the involvement of experienced naturalists who maintain contact with specialists, the proportion of reliable records can be significantly higher. The results broaden our knowledge of spider biodiversity in the region and may serve as a basis for future faunistic and zoogeographical studies.
Large branchiopod crustaceans play a crucial ecological and economic role as flagship species in temporary aquatic habitats. With less than 10% of the global fauna identified in the Indian subcontinent, it is essential to conduct comprehensive research that includes open access information on their diversity and distribution. Such data generation is vital as it provides key insights to support management and conservation efforts. Given the limited, fragmented and incomplete information on the diversity and distribution of large branchiopods in India, we offer the first comprehensive compilation of species occurrence records for the country. This compilation integrates data from our field collections (2020-2024) and relevant information extracted from literature (from 1859-2024). We provide 581 comprehensive records of 46 species from India, revising the names and taxonomic classification of certain species to highlight the significance of detailed, georeferenced occurrence data in improving our knowledge of large branchiopod biodiversity and distribution. Additionally, we introduce the Rshiny application, which illustrates the spatial distribution of all large branchiopod species found in India, along with their frequency across various habitat types. We provide a total of 581 open access records using a literature review and our original data from India (1859-2024), with 13 families, 15 genera and 46 species from all five orders (Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata and Cyclestherida). Each record has its current scientific name, location name, geographic information system (GIS) data of the location, date/year of collection and the waterbody type in which the species was found.Few secondary occurrences date back to more than 150 years and it is likely that these habitats (such as pools and ponds) are now destroyed; the coordinates we provide for many such habitats/regions can help in re-surveying and re-describing certain species or in future research on this group. Following the initial study, which documented 42 species from the Indian subcontinent and 38 from India, we have added four new records to the Indian checklist. A new fairy shrimp species, Streptocephalus warliae Katke, Padhye & Vanjare, 2025 was also identified from our samples. An updated RShiny app, entitled 'LbranchidistributR' is presented for visualising the spatial distribution of all large branchiopod species occurring in India, along with the frequency of occurrence in different habitat types.
Treatment paradigms for teeth with signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis in permanent teeth are evolving, with increasing interest in conservative approaches such as therapeutic pulpotomy. Understanding the perspectives of both general dentists and endodontists is essential to defining current clinical practices and informing future research. This study explored dental practitioners' approaches to the diagnosis and management of irreversible pulpitis, with a focus on the use of pulpotomy as a definitive treatment. An online "Quick Poll" cross-sectional survey was distributed to dental practitioners in the United States via the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network and in the United Kingdom through open online channels, including local dental networks, practice-based research networks, and social media platforms. A total of 750 practitioners responded (USA: 416; UK: 334), most of whom were general dental practitioners with over 10 years of experience. Irreversible pulpitis was most diagnosed in 1-5 patients per month. Root canal therapy was the predominant treatment in both countries (USA: 77%; UK: 90%), with extraction frequently selected in the UK (50%). Pulpotomy was reported as a treatment strategy by 20% of USA and 16% of UK respondents, though a larger proportion expressed willingness to consider it as a definitive option (USA: 47%; UK: 87%). This preliminary study highlights the growing interest in therapeutic pulpotomy as a definitive treatment for teeth with signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis in permanent teeth in primary care. Differences in clinical adoption and attitudes between the USA and UK suggest opportunities for further research, education, and implementation support to facilitate the integration of vital pulp therapies into routine practice.
Although Spondylus limbatus is a fishery resource in several Latin American countries and has been widely reported throughout the Panamic Province, gaps remain in the knowledge of its distribution and ecology. This bivalve has been exploited since pre-Hispanic times, although the specific harvesting grounds are still uncertain. To contribute to malacological issues of both archaeological and contemporary interest, we established a reference collection that will serve as a basis for future studies, particularly geochemical analyses. Sampling consisted of recovering approximately four individuals per locality, obtained mainly from local food consumption, while recording information on their provenance and collection environment, amongst other data. In total, 180 individuals were recovered from shallow waters at 72 localities distributed across eight countries of the region. Collection sites included open coasts, gulf and bays that may comprise islands and shoals. This work documents new localities in areas where previous information was scarce or absent, such Jalisco in Mexico and El Salvador, Nicaragua and Panama, thereby significantly expanding current knowledge of the distribution of this species.
Spinolambrus macrochelos (Herbst, 1790) is a Mediterranean parthenopid crab whose original type material has been lost. A male specimen from Genoa (Italy) was designated as neotype by Tan & Low (2014), establishing the species' type locality. Despite this taxonomic clarification, no georeferenced records from the type locality are currently available in global biodiversity aggregators (GBIF, OBIS). We report a new occurrence of S. macrochelos from the same area as the neotype, providing morphological documentation, georeferenced metadata and openly available occurrence data. This constitutes the first publicly accessible record for the species from its type locality.
This protocol for scoping review aims to systematically map existing evidence on collaborative approaches between Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) and Prosthodontics in implant therapy, exploring their implementation, influential clinical domains, current methodologies, technologies, and identifying research gaps. Dental implant therapy has revolutionized patient care, but optimal success, especially in complex cases, hinges on precise surgical and prosthetic foresight. The synergy between OMFS and Prosthodontists is crucial. Modern dentistry embraces a prosthetically driven, integrated paradigm, greatly streamlined by digital workflows. Despite advancements, literature remains fragmented, lacking a comprehensive synthesis of collaborative models. This protocol for review seeks to bridge that gap. Studies on adult (≥18 years) edentulous or partially edentulous patients undergoing implant-based rehabilitation, focusing on OMFS and Prosthodontics interdisciplinary collaboration in planning, surgery, and prosthetics, will be considered. All clinical settings, regions, and study designs (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, reviews, text/opinion papers) are included. Studies solely on a single discipline or maxillofacial prosthetics unrelated to tooth replacement via implants will be excluded. This protocol for scoping review explains methodology that will follow PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search will be conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data extraction will use a standardized charting form, followed by descriptive and thematic analysis, presented narratively with tables/figures. Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/USZ9V.
The Azores Archipelago is known for its important natural heritage, yet its ecosystems face a "green tsunami" in the form of numerous exotic and invasive species. This influx has wrought serious biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services, representing one of the greatest threats to conservation across the islands. Originating from accelerated global trade and travel, these invasions impact human activities, public health and economic sectors alike. The PRIBES project intends to contribute to "The Regional Strategy for the Management of Terrestrial and Freshwater Exotic and Invasive Species in the Azores" (PRIBES-LIFE-IP- Estratégia regional para o controlo e prevenção de espécies exóticas invasoras - no âmbito do projeto LIFE IP AZORES NATURA, LIFE17 IPE/PT/000010). Recently, a plan was delivered to the Azorean government that proposes as key strategy: an unified Azores Invasive Species Task Force, a central coordination unit and island-level focal points defined clear leadership roles for agencies and stakeholders (Axis 1), while stringent pre-export controls, quarantine measures and risk analyses blocked new arrivals (Axis 2); parallel early-detection teams and citizen-science networks screened ports, airports and nurseries and triggered rapid eradication protocols (Axis 3), guided by a tiered framework of eradication, containment, control and mitigation chosen on feasibility and cost-benefit grounds (Axis 4). Simultaneously, national and international partnerships with IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) ISSG (Invasive Species Specialist Group), CABI (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International) and other island regions fostered data exchange (Axis 5), targeted scientific research investigated invasion pathways and management efficacy (Axis 6) and a central observatory consolidated occurrence records and risk assessments (Axis 7). Meanwhile, outreach campaigns, industry training and school programmes rallied public awareness (Axis 8). The AZORES BIOPORTAL (ABP) is a regional e-infrastructure dedicated to the mobilisation, curation and dissemination of biodiversity data from the Azores. It provides centralised data repository for researchers, policy-makers and educators; validated species checklists, including endemic, native and introduced species; integration with national and international biodiversity networks, including PORBIOTA, GBIF and LifeWatch ERIC; and tools for data visualisation and access, supporting conservation, ecological research and environmental management. ABP follows the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and supports open science. Mapping the occurrence of both native (endemic and non endemic) and exotic species is of key importance for the PRIBES project and the ABP intiative. A total of 243 vascular plant taxa were recorded across São Jorge Island, encompassing 89 families. These records correspond to 4,524 individual plant occurrences, including repeated observations of the same species across different sites. As each photographic observation is tied to unique geographic coordinates, all recorded specimens represent new spatial records for the Island's flora. Amongst the taxa, 53 are considered endemic to the Azores, 131 are introduced, 58 are native and one species (Dracaena draco (L.) L.) is of indeterminate status. These correspond to 1,773 individual occurrences of endemic taxa, 1779 introduced, 970 native and one with indeterminate status. At the family level, 31 families include endemic taxa, 63 include introduced taxa, 34 include native taxa and one family contains a taxon of indeterminate status.The inventory includes several noteworthy Azorean endemics, spanning both ferns and flowering plants. Amongst the ferns, notable records include Crisped Buckler Fern Dryopteris crispifolia Rasbach, Reichst. & Vida, Azorean Buckler Fern Dryopteris azorica (Christ) Alston and Azorean Rockcap Fern Polypodium macaronesicum subsp. azoricum (Vasc.) Rumsey, Carine & Robba. Iconic flowering species and woody endemics recorded during the survey comprise Azorean Cherry Prunus lusitanica subsp. azorica (Mouill.) Franco, Azorean Buckthorn Frangula azorica Grubov, Azorean Eyebright Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst. ex Seub., Azorean Greater-hawkbit Leontodon filii (Hochst. ex Seub.) Paiva & Ormonde and Narrow-lipped Butterfly Orchid Platanthera micrantha (Hochst. ex Seub.) Schltr. Additional endemic taxa include Azorean Dock Rumex azoricus Rech.f., Azorean Holly Ilex azorica Gand., Azorean Umbrella Milkwort Tolpis azorica (Nutt.) P. Silva and the hemiparasitic Azorean Dwarf Mistletoe Arceuthobium azoricum Wiens & Hawksw. Other significant native species recorded include the ferns Wilson's Filmy-fern Hymenophyllum wilsonii Hook., Killarney Fern Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G.Kunkel and Scaly Tongue-fern Elaphoglossum hirtum (Sw.) C.Chr., Cretan Thyme Thymus caespititius Brot., Many-stalked Spike-rush Eleocharis multicaulis (Sm.) Desv. and the more common native Firetree Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur.Amongst the most problematic surveyed exotic invasive plant species are the Ginger Lily Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker-Gawl., Knotweed Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross, Bigleaf Hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser., Crofton Weed Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Australian Cheesewood Pittosporum undulatum Vent. and the Wandering Jew Tradescantia fluminensis Vell., as well as the American Pokeweed Phytolacca americana L.
Colour cues in dental clinics may shape perceptions of professionalism, comfort, hygiene and anxiety, yet evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) settings across attire, PPE and the operatory environment remains limited. This study examined colour preferences across Oman, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was completed by non-healthcare university students in Oman (n = 193), UAE (n = 250) and Bahrain (n = 170) (total N = 613). Participants selected preferred colours for scrubs and multiple dental items (PPE, chairside disposables, dental chair and wall colour), indicated scrub colour by clinical scenario (routine, surgical, paediatric), endorsed 'comfortable' colours (select-all), and rated five attitudinal statements on a 5-point Likert scale. Between-country differences were examined using chi-square tests (Cramer's V) and Kruskal-Wallis tests; additional modelling included GEE for comfort endorsements and exploratory logistic regression for scenario switching. Scrub preferences clustered around classic colours (blue/black), with modest between-country differences (χ² = 24.09, df = 10, p = 0.007; V = 0.14). Oman most preferred black (50.3%) then blue (41.5%); the UAE preferred blue (52.8%) then black (42.0%); Bahrain preferred blue (47.1%) then black (37.1%). Scenario framing increased openness to non-classic colours in paediatric care (red and yellow), and only 16.6% retained the same scrub colour across all scenarios. For other items, classic/neutral tones predominated, with significant country differences for most categories (including masks, wall colour, dental chair, dental bib, disposable kit and suction tips), while glove colour distributions were broadly similar. Warm/yellow operatory lighting was preferred over white lighting overall (60.2%) with negligible between-country differences (p = 0.881). Comfort endorsements were highest for blue and white; patterned prints showed the clearest country separation (UAE 50.4% vs Oman 36.8% and Bahrain 35.9%), persisting in adjusted GEE models. Most respondents disagreed that darker colours appear less hygienic, although distributions differed modestly across countries (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.010). Colour preferences in GCC dental settings are anchored in a stable 'classic' palette, while scenario and item context introduce actionable departures, particularly for paediatric care. Black competed directly with blue across several domains and was not generally viewed as less hygienic, supporting its inclusion within a 'safe' procurement palette. Preference for warm lighting suggests a practical environmental lever to enhance perceived comfort.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin on osteogenic gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under in vitro conditions. hPDLCs were cultured with LPS for 24 hours to simulate an inflammatory microenvironment. Following this pre-stimulation, cells were treated with quercetin at concentrations of 2.5 µM, 5 µM, and 10 µM for up to 14 days. No further exposure to LPS was performed during the subsequent culture period. The mRNA expression levels of osteogenic markers, osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN), were assessed on day 14 using Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR). Statistical analysis was performed using Welch's one-way ANOVA with Holm-adjusted post hoc comparisons. LPS stimulation significantly suppressed the expression of both OPN and OCN compared with the control group. However, quercetin treatment restored and dose-dependently increased the expression of these markers, with the greatest effect observed at 10 µM. At this concentration, OPN and OCN expression levels reached 5.80 ± 0.26 and 6.62 ± 0.30, respectively, relative to the control. A consistent dose-dependent upregulation was observed for both markers, indicating restoration of osteogenic gene expression. Quercetin modulates the expression of osteogenic markers, including OPN and OCN, in LPS-stimulated hPDLCs under in vitro conditions. These findings suggest a potential modulatory role for quercetin in influencing osteogenic gene expression. However, additional in vitro functional assays and in vivo studies are necessary to establish its role in periodontal regeneration.
The aim of this study was to investigate tooth extractions in a Swedish public general dental practice setting, including the proportion of endodontically treated teeth, reasons for extraction, and subsequent prosthetic replacement. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 20 clinics within the Public Dental Service of Västra Götaland, Sweden. During an 8-week period, general dental practitioners consecutively registered reasons for tooth extraction. Patients' pain levels were assessed. Pre-extraction radiographs were assessed for tooth status. Five-year follow-up data from electronic dental records were used to determine whether the extracted teeth had been prosthetically replaced and to classify the type of replacement. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. A total of 133 patients (61 men and 72 women; mean age 54.0 years, SD = ± 15.8) underwent extractions. Endodontic pathology (36.8%) and fractures (24.8%) were the most common reasons. Sixty-one patients had previous endodontic treatment, and one-third of extracted teeth were root-filled. Thirty-five teeth were prosthetically replaced, most often with removable prostheses (45.7%). Endodontically treated teeth, including those with initiated or completed root canal treatment, were markedly overrepresented among extractions, yet prosthetic replacement was infrequent. Younger patients less often opted for replacement, warranting further investigation of factors influencing replacement decisions.
To describe the development and implementation of the first postgraduate orthodontic training programme in the English-speaking Caribbean and situate its establishment within international outlines for postgraduate dental education and global health workforce development. A descriptive analysis was undertaken of the governance processes, curriculum development and institutional collaborations involved in establishing a postgraduate orthodontic programme at The University of the West Indies (UWI). Programme development incorporated regional workforce needs assessment, stakeholder consultation and benchmarking against internationally recognised competency frameworks, including those of the UK Specialist Advisory Committee and European postgraduate orthodontic education guidelines. The programme was developed through a multi-stage governance pathway within UWI and in collaboration with the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. A competency-based curriculum was constructed through structured mapping of programme learning outcomes to international orthodontic training standards. The three-year full-time programme integrates supervised clinical training, theoretical instruction and a research dissertation. Clinical training comprises approximately 24-28 hours weekly with structured workplace-based assessments and competency-based progression. Hybrid teaching models and international faculty support were introduced to address regional staffing limitations. The establishment of this programme represents a significant milestone in specialist dental education in the Caribbean. By combining international educational standards with regional contextual adaptation, the initiative provides a model for developing sustainable specialist training programmes in small-island and resource-constrained settings.
Residual microorganisms may remain even after thorough mechanical cavity preparation, leading to secondary caries. Additionally, the smear layer generated during this process can impair the adhesion between composite resin and dentine and limit the penetration of disinfectants into dentinal tubules. This study aimed to compare the effects of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 980 nm diode laser, and Er:YAG laser as cavity disinfectants on dentine morphology, mineral content, and microleakage of composite restorations. Forty extracted sound human primary molars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): Group I (negative control, no disinfection), Group II (2% CHX application), Group III (980 nm diode laser, 1 W, continuous wave), and Group IV (Er:YAG laser, 1.2 W). Dentine morphology and restoration microleakage were examined via Scanning Electron Microscopy: (SEM), while mineral content was evaluated using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). SEM analysis showed that CHX (Group II) left smear layer residues with narrowed tubules, while the diode laser (Group III) partially removed the smear layer. Er:YAG laser (Group IV) resulted in complete smear layer removal, wider tubules. EDS revealed significantly higher mineral content (Ca, P and Ca/P ratio)in Group IV compared to Groups II and group III (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between Groups II and III. Microleakage was highest in the control group and lowest in the Er:YAG group (p < 0.001). The Er:YAG laser showed enhanced outcomes in improving dentine morphology, increasing mineral content, and minimizing microleakage, making it the most effective disinfectant tested.
Breathing patterns and their influence on craniofacial growth and development have remained a subject of debate within orthodontics and otolaryngology. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to analyze and compare airway morphology and airflow dynamics between individuals with normal nasal breathing and those with varying degrees of nasal obstruction. A total of five patients aged 18 to 28 years were selected for the study, comprising four individuals with varying degrees of nasal obstruction and one asymptomatic nasal breather, as verified by prior clinical evaluation from an otorhinolaryngologist. The samples were categorized into three groups: (1) nasal breathers with no anatomical abnormalities, (2) mouth breathers with septal deviation, and (3) predominant mouth breathers with nasal polyposis. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans were utilized for airway segmentation and subsequent CFD analysis. Key parameters like airflow patterns, velocity distribution, WSS, and airway resistance were evaluated at multiple sites within the pharyngeal airway. The analysis revealed a non-uniform velocity distribution within the pharyngeal airway, influenced by anatomical variations in the nasal cavity. Flow parameters, including velocity streamlines, velocity contours, WSS, and pressure drop, varied notably across different grades of nasal obstruction. The observed airflow characteristics offer valuable insights into the combined effects of physiological and pathological breathing on airway dynamics. The airflow patterns identified in this study confirm the presence of altered airflow in obstructed nasal airways. Flow parameters, such as velocity streamlines, which illustrate the trajectory of air through the nasal cavity, may serve as supportive indicators for clinical symptoms such as anosmia. The non-invasive nature of CFD allows for a realistic assessment of airway flow behaviour.
Boulenophrys shuichengensis (Tian & Sun, 1995) has for a long time been a subject of taxonomic ambiguity due to rare field records and a lack of molecular data from its type locality. To address this, we integrated molecular, morphological and type locality survey data: three tadpoles were collected from the type locality and seven adult males from Weixin County, Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated 16S rRNA and COI sequences revealed that tadpoles from the type locality together with specimens from Weixin (Yunnan), Dafang (Guizhou) and Chongqing, formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade with no significant genetic divergence (0-0.3%). Morphological comparion further showed that both the adult specimens from Weixin and tadpoles from the type locality of B. shuichengensis were consistent with the original species description. Our findings: (1) provide the first validated molecular data for B. shuichengensis from its type locality, therefore clarifying its taxonomic status, while also offering a detailed morphological account of its tadpoles.; (2) confirm Weixin as a new Yunnan distribution record, extending the species' range northwards by ~ 200 km; (3) verify that populations from Dafang (Guizhou) and Chongqing are conspecific, indicating a wider Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau distribution. Phylogenetically, B. shuichengensis is the sister taxon to B. caudoprocta, with both species forming a clade within the B. boettgeri group.
Accurate implant placement in edentulous patients remains a clinical challenge, particularly when using mucosa-supported guides, which are prone to positional errors. To evaluate the accuracy of implant placement using the Fixed Edentulous Implant Guide (FEIG), a screw-retained guide system, compared with a conventional mucosa-supported guide in an edentulous mandible model. Ten anatomical mandibular models with simulated mucosa and bone were used. Forty dummy implants were placed using either the FEIG system or a conventional guide. Implant positions were virtually planned, and deviations were assessed by comparing the planned and actual positions using STL-based alignment and a custom measurement algorithm. The FEIG system demonstrated significantly lower mean deviations at the coronal (0.45 ± 0.15 mm) and apical (0.28 ± 0.13 mm) levels compared with the conventional guide (1.22 ± 0.61 mm and 0.89 ± 0.39 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). Angular deviation was lower for the FEIG (1.99° ± 0.98) but not statistically significant (p = 0.081). The FEIG method significantly improved the accuracy of implant placement in vitro compared to a conventional edentulous guide. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its clinical applicability.
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To evaluate the retention of implant retained mandibular overdenture with polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) bar using either ready-made nylon clips or custom-made PEEK clips over a one-year randomized clinical study. Twenty completely edentulous patients received two implants inserted bilaterally in the canine-premolar region. A milled PEEK bar was screwed to the multiunit abutment screwed to the implants. Patients were divided equally into two groups (n = 10) according to clip material; group1: ready-made nylon clip and group 2; PEEK clip (Pressed BioHPP®). Clips were picked up into the fitting surface of the overdenture. Retention force was measured at insertion, three months, six months and one year using universal testing machine. Data were analysed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests (p ≤ 0.5). Retention values between nylon clip group and PEEK group revealed non-statistically significant difference at insertion (28.98 N ± 3.40 and 28.38 N ± 4.80 respectively), three months (30.93 N ± 3.52 and 30.43 N ± 4.7 respectively), six months (30.63 N ± 3.50 and 30.48 N ± 4.63 respectively) and one year (27.13 N ± 3.38 and 27.69 N ± 4.41 respectively). PEEK clips used for retention of PEEK bar-implant retained mandibular overdentures showed comparable retention values to nylon clips up to one year.