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This paper presents the first conceptual framework for understanding 'honour'-based abuse (HBA), violence and killing: the Three Phase Model of Perpetration. Positioned within priorities of prevention and intervention, the model situates HBA within a public health framework, distinguishing it from other forms of child abuse, family violence and domestic homicide. Narrative review and conceptual analysis. A synthesis of academic and grey literature, statutory reviews, victim case studies, and survivor and perpetrator accounts identified recurring patterns in perpetrator behaviour and systemic responses. The Three Phase Model maps HBA perpetrator behaviour across the lifespan through three interconnected phases - Control, Punish and Protect - showing how honour codes are socialised, enforced and justified within families and communities through collective coercive control and victim-shaming by multiple perpetrators. HBA is a public health crisis requiring a targeted response. Its persistent framing through cultural identity rather than biopsychosocial processes has created a public health blind spot, limiting effective prevention. The Three Phase Model offers a framework to strengthen practitioner insight, enhance cultural competence, and inform training and policy reform for multi-agency safeguarding.

Motor vehicle-related fatalities are commonly certified as accidental deaths in many jurisdictions across the United States. However, a subset of these deaths are certified as indeterminate (or undetermined), and they may pose a challenge for medical examiners/coroners (ME/C). This study reviews 31 non-accidental motor vehicle-related fatalities in Michigan between 1999 and 2023 to determine whether any factors can be identified to differentiate suicidal and homicidal deaths from deaths that were certified as indeterminate. Demographic characteristics, autopsy findings, medical history, social history, investigative data, and witness statements were examined for the presence of factors that may aid in certifying the manner of death. Indeterminate deaths were associated with alcohol and/or drug intoxication. Regression analysis revealed that past suicidality, recent social stressors, and verbal intent were associated with suicide. Characteristics associated with homicide included verbal intent and driving intent. Sex, race, and age showed no significant differences across the non-accidental manners of death. This research enhances the understanding of factors influencing the certification of an indeterminate manner of death in non-accidental motor vehicle-related fatalities, thereby supporting accurate determinations, and informing prevention strategies.

It is not currently understood whether the COVID-19 pandemic led to a lengthy period of elevated mortality rates or whether rates have returned to prepandemic trends. To examine this, I calculated age-adjusted excess mortality rates and percent excess mortality overall, by cause, and for population subgroups. COVID-19 death rates in the US fell 93 percent from 2021 to 2024, whereas excess non-COVID-19 death rates declined just 48 percent, with sustained excess mortality likely in the future, particularly for many natural causes. Suicide death rates did not rise, drug and homicide death rates jumped initially but declined relatively quickly, and transport death rates grew more moderately but showed greater persistence. Demographic-group differences were pronounced, with substantial lasting effects for females, American Indian/Alaska Native people, and seniors. This reflects heterogeneity in the prepandemic composition of deaths and in cause-specific percent excess mortality rates across groups. These results indicate important clinical and policy challenges, especially for natural causes of death and for groups facing relatively high cause-specific excess mortality rates.

This study examines filicide, the killing of a child by a parent or parental figure, using 25 years of data (1999-2023) from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (N = 3,974). Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze variations in offender, victim, and incident characteristics across four victim age categories: neonaticide (within 24 hr of birth), infanticide (1-364 days), child filicide (1-17 years), and adult filicide (18+ years). Results reveal significant differences in offender age, sex, race, weapon use, and victim demographics. Neonaticide is most often associated with younger female offenders and the use of personal weapons, while adult filicide typically involves older male offenders and firearms. These findings underscore the need for age-specific prevention strategies, with implications for risk assessment, public health, and family violence prevention. By addressing limitations in the literature, including small-scale studies, this research complements the few extant large-scale studies, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding filicide dynamics and informing policy and practice.

Drug-induced homicide laws, which hold people criminally responsible for overdose deaths linked to drugs they distribute, are a prominent feature of modern United States drug policy. Some are concerned that support for these laws is bolstered by racialized assumptions about people who sell drugs. The current study examines whether and how the perceived race-ethnicity of a suspected "drug dealer" affects support for drug induced homicide laws. Participants (n = 2940) recruited from Cint Theorem were randomized to one of four vignettes which varied the race-ethnicity of a suspect who distributed drugs connected to an overdose death (Latine, Black, white, or unidentified race). Participants answered questions about their general support for a drug-induced homicide law as well as several determinants of support: beliefs about deterrence, moral justification, preference for the "homicide" charge name, and desire for additional incarceration. Compared to those shown a non-Latine suspect, respondents shown a Latine suspect had significantly greater odds of supporting drug-induced homicide laws, believing they are morally justified, and desiring additional incarceration, but were statistically indistinguishable for beliefs about deterrence and preference for the "homicide" charge name. Results were driven by non-Hispanic respondents. This is the first study of its kind to consider the Latine community as a target of punitive drug policy bias. These results suggest that race- and ethnicity-based assumptions continue to influence public opinion about drug policy, echoing the punitive racialization patterns of past "wars" on drugs.

Firearms are a leading cause of violent injury and death. Most crime-related shootings and fatalities within the United States involve low-velocity, medium-caliber or large-caliber firearms, such as .380 Automatic Colt Pistol (ACP), 9 mm, 0.40 Smith & Wesson, or 0.45 ACP handguns, or high-velocity firearms, such as Assault Rifle-15 self-loading rifles. Low-velocity, small-caliber rounds, such as the ubiquitous 0.22 long-rifle cartridge, are occasionally encountered in crime-related shootings, but are less common than incidents involving center-fired cartridges. A lesser-known small-caliber cartridge is the 0.17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (HMR). Like the 0.22 cartridge, the 0.17 cartridge is rim-fired, being contained in a casing that is of similar diameter as a normal 0.22; however, the neck of the casing is tapered down to contain the 0.17 diameter projectile. In contrast to the 0.22, the 0.17 HMR is considered a high-velocity round and is touted as an excellent choice for hunting small game and eliminating varmints. There is limited literature documenting deaths and wounds from these high-velocity, rim-fired, small-caliber bullets. Herein, we describe 2 homicide cases where 0.17 HMR caliber bullets were involved in lethal outcomes.

This article arises from the need to critically reflect on the subjective experience of those who request euthanasia, as well as on the ethical tensions between the conceptual clarity required by legal regulation and the specific, unquantifiable dimensions of human experience linked to suffering and fragility. In this sense, this essay seeks to contribute to current debates on the topic through the conceptual tools offered by moral philosophy, particularly Charles Taylor's analyses of the construction of the self and Paul Ricoeur's reflections on the notion of autonomy. Taking as a point of departure the draft bills presented in Argentina between 2021 and 2024 to regulate euthanasia and medically assisted suicide, we draw on the contributions of these authors to critically examine two issues we consider ethically and legally significant for such proposals: (1) existential suffering as grounds for requesting euthanasia, and (2) the intersection between autonomy and fragility as defining horizons of the subject of rights. El presente artículo nace de la necesidad de reflexionar críticamente sobre la experiencia subjetiva de quien solicita la eutanasia y las tensiones éticas entre la necesidad de claridad conceptual que requiere una normativa jurídica y lo específico e incuantificable de la experiencia humana vinculada al sufrimiento y la fragilidad. En este sentido, este ensayo busca aportar a los debates sobre la temática a partir de las herramientas conceptuales que brinda la filosofía moral, particularmente en lo que respecta a los análisis de Charles Taylor sobre la construcción del self y lo propuesto por Paul Ricoeur con relación a la noción de autonomía. Tomando como punto de partida los anteproyectos de ley para la regulación de la eutanasia y el suicidio médicamente asistido presentados en Argentina entre los años 2021 y 2024, recuperamos los aportes de los autores mencionados para reflexionar críticamente acerca de dos puntos que consideramos de relevancia ética y jurídica para este tipo de propuestas: 1) el sufrimiento existencial como causal de solicitud de eutanasia y 2) el cruce entre autonomía y fragilidad como horizontes del sujeto de derecho.

Serbia's first fatal school shooting on 3 May 2023, followed by a subsequent mass murder, resulted in widespread societal distress. This study aimed to assess the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses of parents of school-aged children who were neither directly nor indirectly exposed to the events. It also examined parental perceptions of children's safety at school, access to information and psychological support, attitudes toward proposed preventive measures, and trust in institutional capacity to prevent future incidents. A total of 1,996 parents and caregivers were recruited through a stratified survey-delivery method, with the Ministry of Education distributing the survey to schools, which then forwarded it to parents. The pilot study commenced 60 days after the Belgrade school shooting at "Vladislav Ribnikar" Elementary School, and the confirmatory phase began 12 months later. Parents of children directly or indirectly involved in the shooting were excluded. Of the 1,927 parents who participated, over 98% reported no direct or indirect exposure to the shooting. Nevertheless, 69% expressed concern about their children's safety at school. More than half (56%) attributed responsibility to the underage perpetrator, and 65.7% supported lowering the age of criminal responsibility, most commonly to 12 years. Although 46% perceived psychological support as accessible, actual utilization was minimal (3.8% among children; 2.9% among parents). Parents predominantly favored strict enforcement of child protection laws over security or mental health-based preventive measures. Institutional trust was low, with 60.6% reporting minimal confidence in authorities' ability to prevent similar events. The findings indicate that Serbia's first mass school shooting had broad community-level effects, including heightened parental safety concerns, low institutional trust, and minimal use of psychological services. These results highlight the need for transparent communication, strengthened institutional trust, and integrated prevention strategies that include accessible psychosocial support.

Background: When families experience a violent death through suicide or homicide, surviving parents or carers face the dual burden of managing their own traumatic grief while supporting bereaved children. Although children's bereavement processes have received increasing research attention, little is known about how carers navigate these competing emotional and social demands. Understanding this tension is critical to designing trauma-informed interventions that promote healthy adaptation for the whole family.Objective: This study explored how carers of children bereaved by suicide or homicide experience and negotiate the conflicting roles of being both mourner and caregiver. The analysis was guided by Role Conflict Theory, which conceptualises the strain that arises when incompatible role expectations coexist.Method: Using a qualitative design, ten in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents or close carers of children aged 0-17 who had lost a significant person to suicide (n = 9) or homicide (n = 1). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis with an inductive approach.Results: Two themes were generated: 'The carer - Children first!' capturing how participants suppressed their grief to remain functional, prioritising children's stability and viewing emotional restraint as a moral duty of 'good parenting'. And 'The mourner' reflecting carers' struggle to find private or socially sanctioned spaces for their own mourning, often compartmentalised and deferred to protect the child. The ongoing negotiation between caregiving and mourning generated emotional exhaustion, guilt, and delayed recovery.Conclusions: Bereavement following a violent death through suicide or homicide creates a unique form of role conflict that compromises carers' well-being and may indirectly affect children's adjustment. Trauma-informed support services should explicitly address carers' dual needs, offering safe opportunities for personal grieving alongside parenting guidance to promote sustainable family adaptation after violent death. Parents and carers of children, who have lost someone to suicide or homicide, often suppress their own grief to protect their children’s emotional stability.Balancing caregiving and mourning creates deep emotional strain, guilt, and exhaustion for carers after bereavement following a violent death.Trauma-informed family support should address caregivers’ own grief alongside their children’s needs to promote healthy recovery for the whole family. Antecedentes: Cuando las familias sufren una muerte violenta por suicidio u homicidio, los padres o cuidadores sobrevivientes enfrentan la doble carga de gestionar su propio duelo traumático mientras apoyan a los niños en duelo. Si bien los procesos de duelo infantil han recibido creciente atención en la investigación, se sabe poco sobre cómo los cuidadores manejan estas demandas emocionales y sociales contrapuestas. Comprender esta tensión es fundamental para diseñar intervenciones con enfoque en el trauma que promuevan una adaptación saludable para toda la familia. Objetivo: Este estudio exploró cómo los cuidadores de niños en duelo por suicidio u homicidio experimentan y negocian los roles conflictivos de ser a la vez dolientes y cuidadores. El análisis se guió por la Teoría del Conflicto de Roles, que conceptualiza la tensión que surge cuando coexisten expectativas de roles incompatibles. Método: Mediante un diseño cualitativo, se realizaron diez entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad con padres o cuidadores cercanos de niños de 0 a 17 años que habían perdido a un ser querido por suicidio (n = 9) u homicidio (n = 1). Las entrevistas se transcribieron textualmente y se analizaron mediante Análisis Temático Reflexivo con un enfoque inductivo. Resultados: Se generaron dos temas: “El cuidador: ¡Los niños primero!’, que refleja cómo los participantes reprimieron su dolor para mantener su funcionalidad, priorizando la estabilidad de los niños y considerando la contención emocional como un deber moral de la “buena crianza”. Y “El doliente”, que refleja la lucha de los cuidadores por encontrar espacios privados o socialmente aceptados para su propio duelo, a menudo compartimentado y postergado para proteger al niño. La constante negociación entre el cuidado y el duelo generó agotamiento emocional, culpa y una recuperación tardía. Conclusiones: El duelo tras una muerte violenta por suicidio u homicidio crea una forma única de conflicto de roles que compromete el bienestar de los cuidadores y puede afectar indirectamente la adaptación de los niños. Los servicios de apoyo con enfoque en el trauma deben abordar explícitamente las necesidades duales de los cuidadores, ofreciendo espacios seguros para el duelo personal junto con orientación para la crianza, con el fin de promover una adaptación familiar sostenible tras una muerte violenta.

This study describes 16 deaths from Alberta, Canada, caused by ligature strangulation using self-locking zip tie(s), also known as cable ties. All decedents were male, and all ligatures were horizontally oriented. The manner of death was classified as suicide in 15 cases and undetermined in one. Notably, one quarter of cases lacked petechiae, explained by the highly constrictive nature of zip ties and their ratchet locking mechanism. In half of the cases, neck compression resulted from a single ligature formed by one heavy-duty zip tie (6 cases) or several smaller zip ties interconnected to create one ligature (2 cases). The remaining half of the cases involved multiple zip tie ligatures. Most cases (14/16) demonstrated congestion of the head and neck above the ligature mark, occasionally accompanied by ear or nose bleeding. Review of previously published cases revealed similar findings, except for one reported double homicide involving an adult female and her child, a vulnerable population as further corroborated by several news stories. This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing the unique properties of zip ties, particularly their ratchet mechanism, when evaluating ligature strangulation. Without such awareness, the absence of petechiae or congestion may lead to diagnostic uncertainty and the mistaken assumption that neck compression did not contribute to death. One case involving an elderly male showed neither congestion nor petechiae, raising the possibility of reflex cardiac arrest triggered by carotid sinus stimulation.

Testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) is the most common malignancy among adolescent and young adult (AYA) males, yet long-term causes of death beyond primary cancer are not well defined. We evaluated cause-specific mortality in AYA survivors of testicular GCT to identify patterns across histology, stage, and throughout survivorship. This is a population-based analysis using SEER data. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) compared observed causes of death among AYA patients with GCT to expected rates in age-, sex-, and year-matched controls. Of 1,870 deaths, 52% were from primary GCT, 15% from non-testis cancers (SMR 4.13), and 32% from non-cancer causes (SMR 1.11). Non-cancer deaths occurred at higher-than-expected rates for chronic liver disease/cirrhosis but were lower for heart disease. Non-seminoma was associated with higher GCT mortality and modestly elevated mortality from liver disease and diabetes.Stage I patients most often died from accidents/suicide/homicide, whereas stage III patients experienced markedly elevated secondary cancer mortality. Mortality patterns shifted over time: GCT deaths predominated in years 0-5; accidents/suicide/homicide, cardiovascular, and liver disease were elevated early. After 10 years, non-cancer deaths predominated but were below expected rates. Limitations include retrospective design, potential misclassification of cause of death, and inability to assess treatment-specific exposures. AYA testicular GCT survivors experience substantial non-cancer and secondary malignancy mortality, with risks varying by histology, stage, and time since diagnosis. Survivorship care should incorporate behavioral health support, comprehensive health monitoring, and secondary cancer surveillance.

Determining fatal insulin overdose remains a major challenge in forensic practice due to the absence of characteristic histopathological findings and technical limitations in postmortem insulin detection. This report presented a complex case of a 69-year-old diabetic female involved in a suicide pact with her son, who was subjected to estazolam ingestion, excessive insulin injection, and a sharp-force incised wound of the left wrist with transection of the radial artery. She survived for more than 48 h after drug administration before ultimately succumbing to fatal sharp-force trauma inflicted by her son. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed insulin deposition at injection sites, and radioimmunoassay revealed markedly elevated insulin levels accompanied by a suppressed C-peptide concentration-findings consistent with exogenous insulin administration. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detected estazolam at a concentration of 18.2 ng/mL in blood. Forensic evidence confirmed the son's direct involvement at the scene. Based on the totality of the evidence, it was definitively concluded that the injuries were homicidal. This study offered valuable insights for the forensic identification and investigation of complex insulin-related fatalities.

In Dutch euthanasia practice, the relationship between healthcare professionals, patients, and, when present, the patient's close circle plays an important role. However, neither the Dutch Euthanasia Act nor current guidelines or empirical studies provide detailed insight into how these actors navigate the process or experience decision-making. Therefore, we aim to explore how these relationships are experienced throughout the euthanasia process. We conducted a phenomenologically inspired, multiperspective and longitudinal study. Nine groups consisting of a patient, relative and one or two healthcare professionals were included (n = 31). A total of 43 interviews and 18 observations of the assessment of the euthanasia request were conducted. Analysis was done using a phenomenological guide for multiperspective and longitudinal research. Participants experienced the emerging relationship in diverse ways, reflecting an ongoing process of relational enactment rather than fixed outcomes. They reported experiences of feeling support, care, empowerment, instrumentalization, guidance, and legal or procedural framing. These experiences varied in intensity and could shift over time, differing between participants and across groups. Participants' experiences were shaped by how the euthanasia request was assessed, rather than by what was assessed. Euthanasia practice should thus not solely be understood in terms of compliance with legal criteria, but shaped by how these criteria are enacted and experienced within relational encounters. This highlights that the euthanasia process unfolds within a relational field in which legal, professional, and interpersonal dimensions are inextricably intertwined, and is best understood as a triadic configuration involving patients, their close circle, and healthcare professionals.

Homicide is the third leading cause of death for US adolescents and the leading cause among Black youth. Youth violence also contributes to significant mental health burden and educational disruption, with the highest impact in neighborhoods with limited resources. Programs that address intersecting determinants, including social factors and limited economic opportunities, may reduce violence experiences and perpetration. This protocol paper describes a community-partnered, 2-arm cluster-randomized trial across 16 neighborhoods (12 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and 4 in the Washington, DC, region) evaluating the Forging Hopeful Futures (FHF) intervention, enrolling approximately 720 youth aged 13 to 19 years. FHF comprises 12 sessions delivered over 6 to 12 weeks by trusted community facilitators and addresses conflict resolution, peer and intimate partner relationships, youth leadership, and job readiness with connections to employment and mentorship. Comparison clusters receive enhanced usual care (individual wellness check-ins). Assessments occur at baseline, the end of the program, 3 months, and 6 months post-program. Primary outcomes are violence involvement (experience and perpetration); secondary outcomes include experiences of multiple types of violence (eg, relationship abuse, sexual violence, bullying, and weapon carrying). Implementation data are collected using RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance)-informed tools and qualitative interviews. The study was funded in October 2022, and recruitment began in July 2023. As of December 1, 2025, the study had enrolled 542 participants, with follow-up expected to continue through July 30, 2026. Data analysis for primary end points is expected on January 1, 2027. Primary analyses will estimate intervention effects on recent violence perpetration using generalized linear mixed models with random effects for neighborhood and participant, adjusting for baseline values and city. Exploratory analyses will examine mediation (eg, shifts in attitudes) and moderation (eg, baseline risk profiles). This trial is designed to provide rigorous effectiveness and implementation evidence to inform policy and practice in youth violence prevention. If demonstrated to be effective, FHF could serve as an integrated, scalable model that addresses the social and economic drivers of youth violence and leverages community partnerships for sustainability.

Parricide refers to the act of murdering one's father, mother, or a close relative without involving harm to children. Juvenile parricide represents a rare form of criminal behavior that, despite its infrequency, receives considerable media attention and provokes substantial public concern. Due to its exceptionally low base rate, forecasting its occurrence remains challenging, if not unattainable. We report a case of a 45-year-old man who was murdered by his juvenile daughter after he disapproved of her relationship with her boyfriend, as she held a grudge and acted in revenge, using a sharp weapon and burning the body to hinder identification and conceal the crime. The scene of the incident showed accelerant residues and blood stains, and the body was recovered in a pugilistic attitude from the restroom. The postmortem examination revealed multiple chop and stab wounds on the head, face, and extremities. No soot particles were present in the airways, and histopathology also confirmed the absence of antemortem burns. Carboxyhemoglobin was negative, ruling out death from burns. Toxicological analysis detected alcohol and zolpidem in the blood and visceral organs. DNA profiling confirmed identity, and the cause of death was attributed to hemorrhagic shock due to sharp force injuries, and the manner of death was homicide. This case illustrates the combination of sedation, sharp-force assault, and postmortem burning, highlighting the complexities of juvenile female patricide and familial homicides. It emphasizes the crucial role of integrated forensic pathology and toxicology in reconstructing events, uncovering causes and dynamics, and guiding investigative approaches through autopsy findings and forensic evidence, while outlining medicolegal practices to aid experts in the pursuit of justice.

Background: Siblings bereaved by homicide or accidents are often referred to as the forgotten bereaved because they face difficulties in accessing adequate support. Globally, research focusing directly on siblings' perspectives remains scarce, and studies specifically addressing siblings' resilience are almost absent in Japan. A deeper understanding of siblings' experiences is required to develop support systems that acknowledge their emotions and strengthen their resilience.Objective: This study aimed to clarify the psychological transformation processes of bereaved siblings in Japan, focusing on interactions between individual and environmental factors of resilience.Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 siblings who had lost their brother or sister to homicide or accidents. The data were analysed using a modified grounded theory approach that emphasizes context and social interaction in qualitative research.Results: The analysis generated six categories. The siblings experienced the process of grieving and adapting simultaneously during their adjustment. They engaged in practical coping strategies while struggling with the latent conflicts in their families and social relationships. Importantly, positive interactions from others, such as friends of the deceased greeting them at the family altar or spending time together as before, helped the siblings to construct continuing bonds and supported their resilience.Conclusion: These findings highlight distinctive features of grief and adaptation among Japanese siblings. By highlighting siblings' perspectives, this study underscores the importance of culturally sensitive community-based support that validates hidden grief and promotes resilience. This study explored resilience in siblings bereaved by homicide and traffic accidents in Japan.Siblings grieved and adapted simultaneously, influenced by individual and environmental resilience factors.Deceased siblings’ friends recognizing the deceased helped surviving siblings to foster resilience through a continuing bond with their deceased sibling. Antecedentes: Los hermanos que han perdido a un ser querido por homicidio o accidentes suelen ser considerados con frecuencia los dolientes olvidados porque enfrentan dificultades para acceder al apoyo adecuado. A nivel mundial, la investigación que se focaliza directamente en las perspectivas de los hermanos sigue siendo escasa y los estudios que abordan específicamente la resiliencia de los hermanos son casi nulos en Japón. Se requiere una comprensión mas profunda de las experiencias de los hermanos para desarrollar sistemas de apoyo que reconozcan sus emociones y fortalezcan su resiliencia. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo esclarecer el proceso de transformación psicológica de los hermanos en duelo en Japón, centrándose en las interacciones entre factores individuales y ambientales de resiliencia. Método: Se condujeron entrevistas semiestructuradas con diez hermanos que habían perdido a su hermano o hermana por homicidio o accidente. Los datos se analizaron utilizando un enfoque de la teoría fundamentada modificado que enfatiza el contexto y la interacción social en la investigación cualitativa. Resultados: El análisis genero seis categorías. Los hermanos experimentaron simultáneamente el proceso de duelo y adaptación durante su proceso de ajuste. Ellos emplearon estrategias prácticas de afrontamiento mientras lidiaban con los conflictos latentes en sus familias y relaciones sociales. Es importante destacar, que las interacciones positivas de otras personas, tales como el saludo de los amigos del difunto en el altar familiar o el tiempo que pasaban juntos como antes, ayudaron a los hermanos a construir lazos continuos y apoyaron su resiliencia. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos resaltan las características distintivas del duelo y adaptación entre los hermanos japoneses. Al destacar las perspectivas de los hermanos, este estudio subraya la importancia del apoyo basado en la comunidad culturalmente sensible que valida el duelo oculto y promueve la resiliencia.

The assassin bug genus Epidaus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae) includes 28 species mainly distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions, with China being a major diversity hotspot, hosting nine known species. Epidaus nanlingensis Wang Z, Liu & Cai, sp. nov. from Nanling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated, based on both male and female specimens. A comparative study of the new species and its morphologically similar species is presented. An updated identification key to all ten Chinese species of the genus Epidaus is provided.

Violence is a social determinant of health, and hospitals are well-positioned to promote patient well-being by addressing its root causes. Understanding factors associated with hospital engagement in community violence prevention can guide intervention development and capacity building. To examine hospital and county-level factors associated with the presence of community violence prevention programs (CVPPs) in U.S. hospitals. This cross-sectional study linked data from the 2022 American Hospital Association Annual Survey with county-level socioeconomic and demographic data from the US Census Bureau and all-cause homicide rates from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The sample included general medical and surgical hospitals with Medicare identification numbers. Survey-adjusted logistic regression assessed associations between hospital CVPP presence and all-cause homicide. Our response variable was whether or not the hospital had a CVPP, and our explanatory variable was county-level all-cause homicide rates. We adjusted for hospital characteristics and county-level socio-demographics. Of 4,374 hospitals, 990 (22.6%) reported having CVPPs. Compared to those without CVPPs, hospitals with CVPPs were more likely to be nonprofit (85.0% vs. 62.9%), large (>&#x2009;500 beds; 16.9% vs. 4.7%), have more annual ED visits (51,873.9 vs. 26,224.5), and be urban (81.1% vs. 51.8%) (all p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). They also more frequently offered outpatient psychiatric (86.1% vs. 46.9%), substance use (74.4% vs. 23.2%), and pain management (93.1% vs. 65.2%) services. In adjusted models, homicide rates were not associated with CVPP presence (aOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.01, 95% CI [0.99, 1.04]). CVPP presence was independently associated with nonprofit ownership, larger size, trauma designation, and lower social deprivation in urban counties. Hospital and community characteristics, rather than homicide rates, predict CVPP presence. CVPPs are concentrated in larger, urban, well-resourced hospitals rather than in areas with the highest homicide rates, highlighting potential misalignment between program placement and community need.

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