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We systematically, objectively, and comprehensively analyzed AI-related biotechnology and applied microbiology literature, and additionally, identified current hot spots and future trends in this area. Our review provides researchers with a comprehensive overview of the dynamic evolution of AI in biotechnology and applied microbiology and identifies future key research areas.
Industrial Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology is an optional 128h-course for Chemistry and Biology students at the Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This course is usually attended by 25 students, working in teams of two. The curriculum, with 8 lab exercises, includes an oil bioremediation practice covering an insight of bioremediation processes: the influence of pollutants on autochthonous microbiota, biodegrader isolation and biosurfactant production for bioavailability understanding. The experimental steps are: (A) evaluation of microbial tolerance to pollutants by constructing pristine soil microcosms contaminated with diesel or xylene and (B) isolation of degraders and biosurfactant production analysis. To check microbial tolerance, microcosms are incubated during one week at 25-28ºC. Samples are collected at 0, 4 and every 48 h for CFU/g soil testing. An initial decrease of total CFU/g related to toxicity is noticed. At the end of the experiment, a recovery of the CFU number is observed, evidencing enrichment in biodegraders. Some colonies from the CFU counting plates are streaked in M9-agar with diesel as sole carbon source. After a week, isolates are inoculated on M9-Broth supplemented with diesel to induce biosurfactant production. Surface tension and Emulsification Index are measured in culture supernatants to visualize tensioactive effect of bacterial products. Besides the improvement in the good microbiological practices, the students show enthusiasm in different aspects, depending on their own interests. While biology students explore and learn new concepts on solubility, emulsions and bioavailability, chemistry students show curiosity in bacterial behavior and manipulation of microorganisms for environmental benefits.
There are some biological sciences which are essential for human being's life. Among an abundance of sciences, applied microbiology, biotechnology and genetic engineering play a key role in our lives. All of these science branches support and guarantee the life continuity and health of human being on the earth. Although the terms of applied microbiology, biotechnology and genetic engineering are novel and new, the sciences are prehistoric in practice. Through the several millennia, the human populations in different regions around the world such as the north part of the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea areas, Mesopotamia, etc. have recognized fabulous and incredible biological tools like Saccharomyces cerevisiae which binds the prehistoric era to the modern time. We have no choice to progress and qualify our knowledge to increase the quality of the biological processes.
In the late 1970s politicians and civil servants were acutely aware of the chronic decline of the manufacturing sector as a source of employment in Britain. At a time of fear of mass unemployment, sources of new work were urgently sought. Biotechnology had been promoted by visionaries since the early twentieth century. With oil prices soaring, its potential to produce substitutes for petroleum derivatives seemed newly attractive. At the beginning of 1976, John Bu'Lock at Manchester brought the attention of the new President of the Royal Society, Lord Todd, to the developments in enzyme and fermentation technologies. Both the Society and government began to take biotechnology seriously. In 1979 the Society organized a groundbreaking meeting, 'New horizons in industrial microbiology'. In parallel, John Ashworth, the chief scientist of the government think-tank the Central Policy Review Staff, prompted by American developments in genetic engineering, its commercial exploitation and regional development, led thinking among government officials. The Spinks enquiry into biotechnology was consequently formed in 1979 as a collaborative enterprise of the Advisory Council for Applied Research and Development, the Advisory Board for the Research Councils and the Royal Society. The recommendations for far-reaching collaboration between research councils, government and industry were not fully implemented. However, even the limited implementation led to new models of science that would be significant in the emergence of a reconstruction of science.
Botryosphaeran, a new exopolysaccharide from the endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05, and algal laminarin were hydrolyzed by partially-fractionated enzymes of the beta-glucanolytic complex from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. beta-Glucanase fractions (F-I and F-II) separated by gel permeation chromatography presented different modes of attack on botryosphaeran and laminarin. Botryosphaeran was hydrolyzed to the extent of 66% (F-I) and 98% (F-II) within 30 min, and its main hydrolysis products were gluco-oligosaccharides of DP >= 4, with lesser amounts of glucose, di- and tri-saccharides. The action of enzyme fractions I and II on laminarin resulted in 15% conversion to glucose, while the percentage of saccharification was radically different (70% for F-I and 25% for F-II). The different product arrays within the polysaccharide hydrolysates can be explained by the difference in the enzymes' specificities within each enzyme fraction, and the molecular structures of the polysaccharides and their complexity.
The University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) opened in 1996 and since 1999 held the full university status as well as being the first ‘Greenfield’ university to open in Australia since 1971 (https://my.usc.edu.au/). This status was in line with its mission to become an institution with strong emphasis on sustainability and environmentally friendly regional development while transforming a former cane farm into today’s multi award-winning modern and distinctive sub-tropical architectural structure. Over the past 20 years the university has played a role as an ‘urban catalyst’ in one of the rapidly growing and transforming regions of Australia with a foundational mission statement: ‘To be the major catalyst for the academic cultural and economic advancement of the region: by leadership; by pursuit of international standards in teaching and research; and by responsiveness to the needs of students, staff, community and the environment’.
Providing Professionals, Students, Academics, and Scholars free access to the latest and most advanced research outcomes, findings, and studies, being carried out in the field of Biomedical Engineering, all across the world
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Journal; (b) increasing the Journal’s impact factor; and (c) broadening the scope of JIMB to cover emerging topics in applied microbiology and biotechnology. We plan to work closely with SIMB to attract speakers from SIMB meetings to publish their work in the Journal, as well as encouraging JIMB authors to present their work at the Society meetings. We will engage leaders in applied microbiology and biotechnology to serve as Senior Editors and Editorial Board members of JIMB, establish an annual award for work published in JIMB by young investigators, commission special issues on emerging topics and featuring authoritative contributions from experts in the field, secure open access to more published articles, and reach out to potentially underserved audiences. Several of these initiatives are already underway, including the appointment of new Senior Editors and Editorial Board members, a JIMB session at the Annual SIMB meetings to highlight work recently published in the Journal (“JIMB: Past, Present, and Future”), and the publication of special issues on Microbial Genome Mining [1], Metabolic Engineering [5], and Natural Products, the latter dedicated to Satoshi Ōmura [3], a recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Broadening the scope of the Journal to include emerging areas is critical for JIMB to become the premier venue for publication of applied microbiology and biotechnology research. This is especially important in the current era of industrialization of biology and development of new biomanufacturing processes [4]. While publishing cuttingedge research in core areas of applied microbiology and biotechnology will continue to be the norm, we will also use JIMB publications as a vehicle to promote the future of these areas and expand their breadth. These include synthetic and systems biology, genomics and genome mining, metabolic engineering, biocatalysis and bioconversion, It is both an honor and a pleasure to have been appointed as the fifth Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (JIMB). I would like to thank my predecessors Robert D. Schwartz, Allen Laskin, Joseph J. Cooney, and George E. Pierce for establishing JIMB and developing it into the internationally recognized journal it is today. I would also like to thank my fellow Senior Editors, the Board of Directors of the Society for Industrial Microbiology (SIMB), and the SIMB Publications Committee for the confidence they have shown in my vision for the fourth decade of JIMB. The first issue of JIMB was published three decades ago (1986), originally as the Journal of Industrial Microbiology. From its early years, the Journal attracted authors who were leaders in applied microbiology and biotechnology, including Ingram [2], Demain [7], and Ōmura [6]. For over 30 years, JIMB has been recognized by the scientific community for the quality of the material it publishes and the service it provides to individuals and entities interested in industrial microbiology and biotechnology. As we enter the fourth decade of JIMB, we hold the responsibility to not only maintain the stature and visibility of the Journal, but to also build on its previous success and lead it to become the world’s premier journal in applied microbiology and biotechnology. To achieve this goal, we plan to focus on three major areas: (a) improving the quality of published manuscripts and the visibility of the
Microbes play key geoactive roles in the biosphere, particularly in the areas of element biotransformations and biogeochemical cycling, metal and mineral transformations, decomposition, bioweathering, and soil and sediment formation. All kinds of microbes, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their symbiotic associations with each other and 'higher organisms', can contribute actively to geological phenomena, and central to many such geomicrobial processes are transformations of metals and minerals. Microbes have a variety of properties that can effect changes in metal speciation, toxicity and mobility, as well as mineral formation or mineral dissolution or deterioration. Such mechanisms are important components of natural biogeochemical cycles for metals as well as associated elements in biomass, soil, rocks and minerals, e.g. sulfur and phosphorus, and metalloids, actinides and metal radionuclides. Apart from being important in natural biosphere processes, metal and mineral transformations can have beneficial or detrimental consequences in a human context. Bioremediation is the application of biological systems to the clean-up of organic and inorganic pollution, with bacteria and fungi being the most important organisms for reclamation, immobilization or detoxification of metallic and radionuclide pollutants. Some biominerals or metallic elements deposited by microbes have catalytic and other properties in nanoparticle, crystalline or colloidal forms, and these are relevant to the development of novel biomaterials for technological and antimicrobial purposes. On the negative side, metal and mineral transformations by microbes may result in spoilage and destruction of natural and synthetic materials, rock and mineral-based building materials (e.g. concrete), acid mine drainage and associated metal pollution, biocorrosion of metals, alloys and related substances, and adverse effects on radionuclide speciation, mobility and containment, all with immense social and economic consequences. The ubiquity and importance of microbes in biosphere processes make geomicrobiology one of the most important concepts within microbiology, and one requiring an interdisciplinary approach to define environmental and applied significance and underpin exploitation in biotechnology.
The book soil microbiology and biochemistry written in a comprehensive lucid manner, deals the issues concerned to the soil fertility, soil health, plant growth and soil biotechnology in relation to microbial activities. Special attention has been paid to the ecology, biochemistry and functioning of soil micro-organisms and their interactions. Thus, in a broad sense, the book shall prove useful tool to the students and teachers of microbiology and may also serve as an invaluable resource for students and teachers in soil science, soil ecology, biogeochemistry, environmental sciences, botany biochemistry, sustainable agriculture and resource management, both at under graduate and post graduate levels. This book has sixteen s with glossary of the terms often used in soil microbiology. The comprehensive introduction to soil microbiology and the rapid advances made in both fundamental knowledge and potential applications of soil microbiology e.g. history, ecology, habitats, diversification and functions of soil organisms, soil health and applied environmental topics is given in 1 to 3. The overview of the methods employed to study soil micro organisms is presented in 4. Microbial-mediated transformations of major nutrients (N, P, Fe, S, K, etc.) and other metals in soil are lucidly described in 5 to 9. The plant microbe interactions in soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere is covered in 10 to 12 and these s provide comprehensive knowledge about mycorrhiza, plant growth promoting rhizosphere microorganisms, deleterious rhizosphere microorganisms, root pathogens besides enlightening the various types of soil microbial products of plant and Pesticide-microbe interactions also covers the effect on non-target microorganisms, pesticide persistence, accumulation and bio-magnification, co-metabolism, bioremediation, etc. A separate is devoted to the production and applications of biofertilizers and biopesticides. Organic waste recycling covers composting, vermin-compost, aquacultural reuse, land application, mushrooms and bio-energy production. The book keeps the learners abreast with the current trends and concepts in soil microbiology for easy comprehension. It also gives balanced coverage of fundamental and applied topics. Moreover, it introduces students to newly emerging field of soil biotechnology. The extensive glossary and index has been given at the end for easy study reference in understanding.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM) publishes descriptions of all aspects of applied microbial research, basic research on microbial ecology, and research of a genetic and molecular nature that focuses on microbial topics of practical value. Research must address salient microbiological principles, fundamental microbial processes, or basic questions in applied or environmental microbiology. Topics that are considered include microbiology in relation to foods, agriculture, industry, biotechnology, public health, plants, and invertebrates and basic biological properties of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and other simple eukaryotic organisms as related to microbial ecology. Manuscripts should report new and significant findings that advance the understanding of microbiology and upon which other scientists may build.
Knowledge in microbiology is growing exponentially through the determination of genomic sequences of hundreds of microorganisms and the invention of new technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, to deal with this avalanche of information. These genomic data are now exploited in thousands of applications, ranging from those in medicine, agriculture, organic chemistry, public health, biomass conversion, to biomining. Microbial Biotechnology. Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology focuses on uses of major societal importance, enabling an in-depth analysis of these critically important applications. Some, such as wastewater treatment, have changed only modestly over time, others, such as directed molecular evolution, or 'green' chemistry, are as current as today's headlines. This fully revised second edition provides an exciting interdisciplinary journey through the rapidly changing landscape of discovery in microbial biotechnology. An ideal text for courses in applied microbiology and biotechnology courses, this book will also serve as an invaluable overview of recent advances in this field for professional life scientists and for the diverse community of other professionals with interests in biotechnology.
Plumeria rubra (frangipani) leaves and flowers were extracted using ethyl acetate by maceration process of solvent extraction. The leaves and flowers were screened for phytochemicals, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities. The leaves and flower extracts showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, balsam, cardiac glycosides, phenols, terpenes and steroids. The extract indicates the absence of flavonoids, saponins and resins. The leaves and flower extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, resins, terpenes and steroids; absence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and balsam. The zones of inhibition ranges from 10-28mm and the plant extracts showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was more pronounced on gram negative bacteria especially Proteus mirabilis. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate crude extract was effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is usually resistant to most antimicrobial agents. The extracts were also effective against the fungi Candida albicans. The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for the prevention and treatment of diseases in animal agriculture.
The International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology [IJABPT] is a peer reviewed multi-disciplinary an online international journal to promote all fields of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences like Botany, Zoology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Microbiology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Immunology, Pathology, Neurobiology, Proteomics & Genomics, Agricultural Sciences, Seed Technology, Plant Pathology & Entomology, Plant & Animal Physiology, Cell and Tissue Cultures, Nutrition, Fermentation technology, Enzymology, Agri-Biotechnology, Cytology, Hydrology, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacy Practice, Natural Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Synthetic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Organic & Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Phyto Chemistry, Soil Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Biopharmaceutics, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Nanotechnology, Clinical Research, BA/BE Studies, Drug discovery, Novel Drug delivery systems, Nuclear Pharmacy, Bioinformatics, Chemiinformatics, QC/QA, and Analytical R&D in Pharma. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology publishes research papers, short communications, reviews and notes dealing with entire aspects of Applied Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical sciences.