搜索结果：Anxiety, stress, and coping

Donald O.Hebb Award for Distinguished Contribution to Psychology as a ScienCe (1997) / Prix Donald O. Hebb pour contribution remarquable a la psychologie en tant que science (1997)AbstractThe multidimensional interaction model of stress, anxiety and coping processes is discussed and tested. aim is to advance our understanding of the systematic nature of coping processes in relation to psychological variables such as anxiety, as well as to determine how coping is related to other personality and situational variables, and to physical and mental well being. Coping styles and strategies mediate between antecedent stressful events, and such consequences as anxiety, psychological distress and somatic complaints.Task-oriented coping is most efficacious in a controllable situation, while emotion-oriented coping is most efficacious in an uncontrollable situation. While avoidance-oriented coping may be initially appropriate as a reaction to stress, in the long run task-oriented coping is most efficacious. A number of laboratory studies assessing the multidimensional interaction model are reviewed. These studies have both theoretical and practical implications, and contribute to empirical knowledge about stress, coping processes, and personality.PrologueIt gives me great pleasure to be the 1997 recipient of the Canadian Psychological Association Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contribution to Psychology as a Science. It is doubly delicious because of my past associations with McGill University and specifically with Professor Donald Hebb. I was a student of Hebb in that I took Introductory Psychology and a Graduate Seminar in Psychology from him. Although my undergraduate degree was in Mathematics and Physics, Don Hebb accepted me into the M.Sc. program in Psychology at McGill. He was not interested in how many Psychology courses one had taken but was rather interested in whether a student was capable of thinking and focussing on issues rather than facts. (I might add, parenthetically, that I probably would not be accepted into the Graduate Programme in Psychology at York, my home University, because I did not have the requisite eight undergraduate psychology courses. Now, back to McGill.)The Graduate Seminar with Hebb on the Organization of Behavior was and still is the best Psychology course I ever took. He focussed on concepts, issues and encouraged us to think and to challenge his ideas.Not only did Don Hebb teach us how to think clearly and concisely, but he also taught us how to express ourselves in seminar presentations. We were limited to 10-minute presentations. At 9 minutes, Professor Hebb would start tapping on the table and at 10 minutes you were history even if you were in the middle of a word. This was a very sobering experience, indeed! With respect to revising papers, he suggested we discard our drafts and start afresh, because none of us could part with our pearls of wisdom. I must admit I have never been able to do this -- much as I have tried. I had planned a much longer paper, but in tribute to Hebb, I have cut it down.With respect to Comprehensive Exams, Hebb would contact us by surprise a few days before the exam and ask us to appear. He said he knew that we were frightened, but to calm down. He wanted to know how well we could think and conceptualize; not how well we could memorize.The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory (Hebb, 1949) (affectionately known by us as The Bible) has provided the foundation for the cognitive revolution in psychology and many aspects of physiological psychology. His concepts of cell assemblies and phase sequences developed in the 1940s are very relevant today. This book is probably one of the most seminal psychology books in this century and he is probably the most eminent psychologist Canada has produced. I still cherish, some 40 plus years later, the skills, values, and orientations I learned from Prof. …

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationships between job characteristics and coping in predicting levels of anxiety and depression in nurses. The study was based on current theories of occupational stress, and predictors included job demands, social support, decision authority and skill discretion control, effort, over-commitment, rewards, and ways of coping. It was predicted that job demands, extrinsic effort, over-commitment, and negative coping behaviours would be positively associated with depression and anxiety, and social support, rewards, decision authority, skill discretion control, and positive coping would be negatively associated with depression and anxiety. METHODS: Participants were 870 nurses, who responded to a bulk mail sent randomly to 4,000 nurses from the south of England. RESULTS: The results showed that job demands, extrinsic effort, and over-commitment were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Social support, rewards, and skill discretion were negatively associated with mental health problems. Few interactions were found between the variables. Coping behaviours significantly added to the explanation of variance in anxiety and depression outcomes, over and above the use of demand-control-support, and effort-reward factors alone. CONCLUSION: The results from the study demonstrated the importance of coping factors in work-stress research, in accordance with the multi-factorial premise of transactional stress models. It is argued that multi-factor research is needed to help develop effective organizational interventions.

OBJECTIVE: Although stress is often presumed to cause sleep disturbances, little research has documented the role of stressful life events in primary insomnia. The present study examined the relationship of stress and coping skills, and the potential mediating role of presleep arousal, to sleep patterns in good sleepers and insomnia sufferers. METHODS: The sample was composed of 67 participants (38 women, 29 men; mean age, 39.6 years), 40 individuals with insomnia and 27 good sleepers. Subjects completed prospective, daily measures of stressful events, presleep arousal, and sleep for 21 consecutive days. In addition, they completed several retrospective and global measures of depression, anxiety, stressful life events, and coping skills. RESULTS: The results showed that poor and good sleepers reported equivalent numbers of minor stressful life events. However, insomniacs rated both the impact of daily minor stressors and the intensity of major negative life events higher than did good sleepers. In addition, insomniacs perceived their lives as more stressful, relied more on emotion-oriented coping strategies, and reported greater presleep arousal than good sleepers. Prospective daily data showed significant relationships between daytime stress and nighttime sleep, but presleep arousal and coping skills played an important mediating role. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the appraisal of stressors and the perceived lack of control over stressful events, rather than the number of stressful events per se, enhance the vulnerability to insomnia. Arousal and coping skills play an important mediating role between stress and sleep. The main implication of these results is that insomnia treatments should incorporate clinical methods designed to teach effective stress appraisal and coping skills.

The influence of personality on the way people cope with stressful situations has been discussed many times. It has even been discussed whether stress-coping styles and personality traits could be confused. In this paper, we examine the relationships between coping strategies in stressful situations and personality dimensions, and anxiety and depression. We also study the modulating effect of gender, both in the type of coping strategies used, as well as in its relationship with personality. To do this, a sample of 274 participants (56% women) completed assessment instruments of stress-coping styles, personality traits, locus of control, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. Correlation analyses and tests of mean differences were carried out. In general, differences in coping styles between groups of participants with both high and low levels in different dimensions of personality were found. Furthermore, it was observed that gender modulates the coping styles used (for example, although task-focused coping is used equally by both genders, the emotion-focused coping is used more by women). Considering overall measures of coping styles, the results indicate that task-focused coping is used more by participants with low external locus of control, high self-esteem, and low anxiety and depression. On the contrary, the emotion-focused coping is used more by participants with high external locus of control, low self-esteem, and high depression. However, gender exerts a modulating effect on these results. Finally, some suggestions are made on assessment of coping styles, for the purpose of supplementing information from the questionnaires with other methods (rating scales, etc.).

Objective: Virtual Reality (VR) is a technological interface that allows users to interact with a simulated environment. VR has been used extensively for mental health and clinical research. Mental health disorders are globally burdening health problems in the world. According to the Psychological Interventions Implementation Manual published by WHO on 6th March 2024, around one in eight people in the world lived with a mental disorder. This literature review is synthesized to find out the effects of VR therapy on stress, anxiety and depression. Method: We used Google Scholar database using keywords of VR, stress, anxiety and depression. Publication from last ten years (2014 to 1024) are considered. Researches only in the English language are included. All the papers and articles with the keyword VR missing were rejected. Result: Google Scholar yielded 17,700 results from our keywords. Nine studies met our search criteria that are included in this review. Out of nine, five studies encountered mental stress and gave effective results in reducing it by VR therapy. The other four targeted mood disorders, Social anxiety disorders, depression, loss of happiness and sleep deprivation. Th

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the association of anxiety with self-rated general health, satisfaction with life, stress and coping strategies of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Poland. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: = 2.60), participated in an online survey. The study was performed between 30 March and 30 April 2020, during the general coronavirus quarantine. Participants completed a standard psychological questionnaire, including General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), General Self-Rated Health (GSRH), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). RESULTS: The majority of students (65%) showed mild to severe GAD and a high level of perceived stress (56%). Those students who had the worst evaluated current GSRH, in comparison to the situation before the COVID-19 outbreak, also demonstrated higher levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and emotion-oriented coping styles. The study indicates that the variance of anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak may be explained for about 60% by such variables, like high stress, low general self-rated health, female gender, and frequent use of both emotion-oriented and task-oriented coping styles. CONCLUSION: University students experience extremely high stress and anxiety during quarantine period and they need professional help to cope with COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study may help prepare appropriate future intervention and effective prevention programs at universities.

Depression, anxiety, and stress are widespread mental health concerns that increasingly drive individuals to seek information from Large Language Models (LLMs). This study investigates how eight LLMs (Claude Sonnet, Copilot, Gemini Pro, GPT-4o, GPT-4o mini, Llama, Mixtral, and Perplexity) reply to twenty pragmatic questions about depression, anxiety, and stress when those questions are framed for six user profiles (baseline, woman, man, young, old, and university student). The models generated 2,880 answers, which we scored for sentiment and emotions using state-of-the-art tools. Our analysis revealed that optimism, fear, and sadness dominated the emotional landscape across all outputs, with neutral sentiment maintaining consistently high values. Gratitude, joy, and trust appeared at moderate levels, while emotions such as anger, disgust, and love were rarely expressed. The choice of LLM significantly influenced emotional expression patterns. Mixtral exhibited the highest levels of negative emotions including disapproval, annoyance, and sadness, while Llama demonstrated the most optimistic and joyful responses. The type of mental health condition dramatically shaped emotional respo

Participants completed anxiety and coping diaries during 10 periods that began 7 days before an academic stressor and continued through the evening after the stressor. Profile analysis was used to examine the anxiety and coping processes in relation to 2 trait anxiety grouping variables: debilitating and facilitating test anxiety (D-TA and F-TA). Anxiety and coping changed over time, and high and low levels of D-TA and F-TA were associated with different daily patterns of anxiety and coping. Participants with a debilitative, as opposed to facilitative, trait anxiety style had lower examination scores, higher anxiety, and less problem-solving coping. Covarying F-TA, high D-TA was associated with a pattern of higher levels of tension, worry, distraction, and avoidant coping, as well as lower levels of proactive coping. Covarying D-TA, high F-TA was associated with higher levels of tension (but not worry or distraction), support seeking, proactive and problem-solving coping.

Our review has focused centrally on the etiologic significance of social factors in the development of psychopathology. Our implicit assumption has been that social factors in general, and stressors in particular, may play a causal role in the development of psychopathology. Yet the evidence is clear that the vast majority of people who are exposed to stressful life events or to chronic stress situations do not develop significant psychiatric impairments. For this reason, research interest over the past decade has shifted to factors like social support and coping strategies that may ameliorate the impact of stress. We have examined some of the important empirical results from recent studies of stress, support, and coping, and we have discussed ways in which these new understandings have informed long-standing attempts to explain group differences in emotional functioning. In each section of the review we have attempted not only to summarize existing results but also to provide some evaluation of the literature and suggestions for future research. It is important to recognize that the contributors to the work reviewed here do not all share a common research agenda. Some of them are primarily committed to unraveling the psychosocial determinants of a particular clinical disorder. Others are mainly concerned with the effects of a particular stressor. Still others are interested in the processes that link stress to health across a broad array of stress situations and health outcomes. In the face of these diverse interests, it is little wonder that our understanding of social factors in psychopathology is uneven. There is good reason to believe, however that these diverse strands of research are beginning to converge on a common conception of the stress process and on a common research design. The conception at present is only in rough form, but its outlines are nonetheless capable of description. At its center is the notion that stress exposure sets off a process of adaptation. It recognizes that this process unfolds over time, and it acknowledges that this process is modified by structural factors as well as by personal dispositions and vulnerabilities. There is growing recognition that the analysis of this process requires longitudinal methods. Also, it is becoming increasingly clear that experimental interventions are required to unravel the parts of this process that link stress and health. It is too early to know if this nascent convergence will lead to an integrative theory of adaptation, yet it is almost certain to promote methodological and conceptual rigor and facilitate replication and cumulation of findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted various aspects of the society on a global scale. Schools and universities provide rich resources for adolescents and young adults to develop significant coping mechanisms. AIM: This study assessed the perceptions of risk, fear, mental health status, and coping strategies among Saudi student nurses amid the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Using an online survey, the mental health of the students was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale short form version, whereas the coping was assessed by the Brief-Coping Orientation of Problem Experienced scale. RESULTS: The students had modest risk perception and fear of contracting COVID-19. "Religion" was reported as the most frequently used coping strategy. Approximately 43.3%, 37.2%, and 30.9% of the respondents manifested some degree of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Poor COVID-19 knowledge, perceived seriousness of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia, perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, and the use of some coping strategies were predictors of fear. Knowing someone infected with COVID-19, fear, and several coping strategies predicted students' mental health. CONCLUSION: This study provides data that can be used to create educational and health policies that focus on the mental health of university students, specifically nursing students.

Mental health disorders affect over one-fifth of adults globally, yet detecting such conditions from text remains challenging due to the subtle and varied nature of symptom expression. This study evaluates multiple approaches for mental health detection, comparing Large Language Models (LLMs) such as Llama and GPT with classical machine learning and transformer-based architectures including BERT, XLNet, and Distil-RoBERTa. Using the DAIC-WOZ dataset of clinical interviews, we fine-tuned models for anxiety, depression, and stress classification and applied synthetic data generation to mitigate class imbalance. Results show that Distil-RoBERTa achieved the highest F1 score (0.883) for GAD-2, while XLNet outperformed others on PHQ tasks (F1 up to 0.891). For stress detection, a zero-shot synthetic approach (SD+Zero-Shot-Basic) reached an F1 of 0.884 and ROC AUC of 0.886. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of transformer-based models and highlight the value of synthetic data in improving recall and generalization. However, careful calibration is required to prevent precision loss. Overall, this work emphasizes the potential of combining advanced language models and data augmentatio

BACKGROUND: For many nursing students, clinical training represents a stressful experience. The levels of stress and anxiety may vary during students' educational training, depending on their ability to adopt behavioral strategies for coping with stress, and other factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, perceived stress, and the coping strategies used by nursing students during their clinical training. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational descriptive study. The sample consisted of 190 nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Faculty of Ciudad Real University in Spain. Participants provided data on background characteristics and completed the following instruments: the Perceived Stress Scale; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Coping Behavior Inventory. Relationships between scores were examined using Spearman's rho. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 20.71 ± 3.89 years (range 18-46 years). Approximately half of the students (47.92%) indicated a moderate level of stress with a mean Perceived Stress Scale score of 22.78 (±8.54). Senior nursing students perceived higher levels of stress than novice students. The results showed a significant correlation for perceived stress and state anxiety (r = 0.463, p < .000) and also for trait anxiety (r = 0.718, p < .000). There was also a significant relationship between the total amount of perceived stress and the following domains of the coping behavior inventory: problem solving (r = -.452, p < .01), self-criticism (r = .408 p < .01), wishful thinking (r = .459, p < .01), social support(r = -.220, p < .01), cognitive restructuring (r = -.375, p < .01), and social withdrawal (r = .388, p < .01). In the current study, the coping strategy most frequently used by students was problem-solving, followed by social support and cognitive restructuring. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students in our study presented a moderate level of stress, in addition there was a significant correlation with anxiety. Nursing teachers and clinical preceptors/mentors should be encouraged to develop programs to help prepare nursing students to cope with the challenges they are about to face during their clinical placements.

We introduce AFSTRESS, the first multi-label corpus of self-reported stress narratives in Dari (Eastern Persian), comprising 737 responses collected from Afghan individuals during an ongoing humanitarian crisis. Participants describe experienced stress and select emotion and stressor labels via Dari checklists. The dataset enables analysis at three levels: computational (multi-label classification), social (structural drivers and gender disparities), and psychological (learned helplessness, chronic stress, and emotional cascade patterns). It includes 12 binary labels (5 emotions, 7 stressors), with high label cardinality (5.54) and density (0.462), reflecting complex, multi-dimensional stress. Structural stressors dominate: uncertain future (62.6 percent) and education closure (60.0 percent) exceed emotional states, indicating stress is primarily structurally driven. The strongest co-occurrence is between hopelessness and uncertain future (J = 0.388). Baseline experiments show that character TF-IDF with Linear SVM achieves Micro-F1 = 0.663 and Macro-F1 = 0.651, outperforming ParsBERT and XLM-RoBERTa, while threshold tuning improves Micro-F1 by 10.3 points. AFSTRESS provides the fir