搜索结果：AJOB neuroscience

According to the World Health Organization, over 700,000 people die by suicide each year, accounting for 1.3% of global deaths. As neuroscience and neurotechnology increasingly shape suicide research and prevention, East Asian societies such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan-historically more permissive toward suicide-have enacted laws emphasizing multi-level psychosocial interventions. Despite advances in neuroscientific inquiry, neuroethical reflection on suicide prevention remains limited. This paper proposes a culturally grounded neuroethical framework that integrates neurorights, disability rights, and cultural perspectives. Rejecting reductionist views of suicide as mere brain dysfunction, it examines how direct and indirect brain interventions, cognitive liberty, and cultural mediation interact in shaping moral and policy responses. It argues that the suicidal brain and culture are co-produced phenomena, dynamically evolving within complex neuroethical structures that shape contemporary suicide prevention.

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Closed-loop neurotechnologies bring great promise for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in their application raises ethical concerns, since AI-driven closed-loop devices may cause unforeseen mental interference that might, absent consent, infringe the user's mental rights. Whether such worries are warranted, however, may depend on whether closed-loop neurotechnologies qualify as moral agents, and on whether they are distinct from the moral agent on whose brain they act. If they are not moral agents, or are not separate moral agents, they will arguably be incapable of infringing the user's mental rights. In this article, we explore different possible agential relationships between the human user and closed-loop neurotechnologies and consider the implications for the protection that our mental rights provide.

The Republic of Korea is facing a rapidly aging population, with the prevalence of dementia expected to more than double by 2050, which will create major social and economic pressures. The Dementia Management Act (DMA), which came into effect in 2011, provides a national framework for dementia prevention, care and research. The DMA includes provisions to facilitate the substantial registration and statistical utilization of dementia-related data, as well as the establishment of central and regional Dementia Centers. The primary function of these centers is to coordinate care and governance. While these measures have improved monitoring, surveillance and management infrastructure, they have also raised significant neuroethical challenges relating to privacy and stigmatization when utilizing the dataset. In this study, we address these concerns and propose integrating data governance with social governance to strike a better balance between data utilization and societal values of equity and justice.

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Since its introduction, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been controversial. Recently, a report by the World Health Organization called for an ECT ban for children and adolescents. This has added a new layer to consider in the debate about the ethical use of ECT. To better understand ethical concerns and attitudes toward the use of ECT in this population, and to assess whether a ban might be justified, we conducted a comprehensive literature review. Close to 75% of our analyzed papers reported agreement about ECT's effectiveness for treating a wide range of adolescent mental disorders. Almost half of the papers reported memory side effects as an ethical concern. In addition, the lack of rigorous side-effect reporting was found to be a key barrier to the ethical use of ECT in this population. We hope this review will advance our understanding of ongoing ethical concerns and barriers regarding use of ECT in adolescents.

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Neurotechnology is a rapidly growing area in medicine. New neurotechnologies are often developed through partnerships between industry and academia (i.e., "IA partnerships"). These partnerships face ethical challenges due to differing goals and priorities among stakeholders (e.g. scientific vs. fiduciary obligations). We interviewed neuroethicists (N = 15) to understand their perspectives on prominent ethical issues and potential solutions. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed 12 themes. These themes included the potential for industry to unduly influence research, increasing communication among stakeholders, needing clearer and more transparent data management practices, prioritizing patients and involving them in device development, protecting scientific integrity and institutional reputation, enhancing informed consent, recognizing the unique challenges posed by neurotechnology, considering both short- and long-term impacts of neurotechnology, and increasing oversight of IA partnerships. Future research should explore how best to address these challenges through new policies, practices, regulations, and patient education.