搜索结果：AIDS reviews

Young people face challenges in accessing information on HIV and sexual and reproductive health services, with corresponding suboptimal uptake. Decision aids can provide information and decisional support to improve young people's engagement with health interventions. However, they have not been widely implemented among young people. The availability of different choices for HIV and pregnancy prevention means that it is important to implement interventions that facilitate informed choices for these methods. We describe a protocol for a scoping review that aims to explore the availability, acceptability and use of decision aids for HIV prevention and contraception for young people. We will identify relevant studies from the following electronic databases from inception to current date: PubMed, Scopus and Global Health; and grey literature databases, namely medRxiv and Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Eligible studies will report on HIV prevention and/or contraception decision aids and be written in English. Data extraction will be done by two reviewers independently using templates, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Analysis will be done narratively, and separate for HIV prevention and contraception decision aids. Analysis will also include determination of the suitability of each decision aid for use by young people aged 15-24 years. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews will be employed to present results. This review does not require ethics approval. The findings from this work will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at local and international conferences. This scoping review protocol is registered in Open Science Framework with Project DOI: 10.17605/OSF/IO/46YWG (accessible via: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/46YWG).

HIV/AIDS is not only a physiological condition requiring long-term medical intervention but also a complex public health issue embedded within social structures, psychological experiences and cultural contexts. Although the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly extended the life expectancy of people living with HIV and improved outcomes, socially stigmatized perceptions, persistent psychological trauma and systemic social exclusion remain obstacles that limit the effectiveness of care, forming a "physiologically manageable, psychologically and socially intractable" care paradox. Drawing on an interdisciplinary perspective integrating art therapy, public health, sociology and cultural studies, this paper reviews the value, mechanisms, and practical paradigms of visual arts, participatory arts, and arts education in HIV/AIDS care, prevention, and social support systems. By examining multiple globally documented art intervention projects, the study explores the logic of art as a non-clinical intervention medium in emotional empowerment, meaning reconstruction, and social network building, demonstrating its central role in supplementing limitations of traditional medical and social work approaches and addressing stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS. Ultimately, the paper proposes an integrated "art-medical-social" care pathway, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for establishing a more inclusive and human-centered HIV/AIDS care system.

Endometriosis is a chronic, oestrogen-dependent condition with a wide range of symptoms and comorbidities that significantly affect physical, emotional and psychological well-being, as well as quality of life. Women with endometriosis often face complex treatment decisions with no universally accepted gold-standard therapy. Shared decision-making, supported by patient decision aids (PtDAs), can enhance patient knowledge and promote informed preferences and decisions. Digital PtDAs, in particular, offer potential for personalised, interactive and accessible decision support. Their characteristics, development process and evaluation in endometriosis care remain underexplored. The objective of this scoping review is to map the existing literature on digital PtDAs developed for women of reproductive age (18-49) with endometriosis, across a range of healthcare and digital health contexts. This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive three-step search, developed with an information specialist, will be conducted across MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane databases and grey literature sources. Citations will be imported into Rayyan for screening. Two independent reviewers will conduct study selection, data extraction and analysis. Data will be summarised using tables and descriptive content analysis to identify key features, development processes and evaluation methods of digital PtDAs. The review will be reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. This review started off in July 2025, and the anticipated end date is November 2025. We plan to disseminate this research through publications, presentations at relevant national and international conferences and meetings with relevant stakeholders. This scoping review protocol has been registered at Open Science Framework (osf.io/fp86m). As this scoping review will use data from published and publicly available sources, research ethics approval is not required.

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections among AIDS patients. Clinical and neuroimaging manifestations are diverse and non-specific, resulting in frequent delayed diagnosis and even misdiagnosis, leading to neurological impairment, coma, and death. In addition to clinical and serological examinations, multimodal neuroimaging is indispensable for early diagnosis and subsequent treatment evaluation. Indeed, functional magnetic resonance imaging technologies and positron emission tomography provide complementary information for early diagnosis and treatment, which can improve prognosis when combined with prevention strategies. Recent advances in vaccine development have provided new hope for the prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis. This article reviews multimodal imaging evaluation strategies and other recent clinical advances for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AIDS-related cerebral toxoplasmosis.

To assess the prevalence and associated variables of spin bias in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment with intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PubMed and Embase were queried for peer-reviewed systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis reporting on intra-articular PRP treatment of KOA. Two authors independently analyzed the abstracts for the 15 most common types of spin by comparing details within the abstract to the full manuscript. Methodological quality was appraised using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, Version 2 scoring. Descriptive statistics were used for spin and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, Version 2 scores. Logistic regression and categorical association tests (Fisher's and chi-square) assessed the effect of study characteristics on the presence of spin. One or more forms of spin were found in 92% (45/49) of evaluated abstracts. The most common form of spin identified was type 11, "conclusion focuses selectively on statistically significant efficacy outcome," which was identified in 63% (31/49) of studies. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, Version 2 ratings were high for 10% (5/49) of studies, moderate in 8% (4/49), low in 27% (13/49), and critically low in 55% (27/49). Decreasing level of evidence was associated with inappropriate extrapolation spin (odds ratio = 2.528, 95% confidence interval 1.037-6.161, P = .041). Spin bias is highly prevalent in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of intra-articular PRP to treat KOA. Findings should be interpreted in the context of the subjective scoring system used to assess spin. A lower level in the hierarchy of evidence was associated with the presence of inappropriate extrapolation spin. Identified spin tended to favor the use of PRP in treating KOA. In the present study, abstract conclusions were found to have a high prevalence of spin. Identifying and understanding spin aids in the critical appraisal of research with implications for clinical decision making in the usage of PRP.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) reported alarmingly increase daily, and poses threat to epidemic control globally. A significant number of these new cases (up to 70%) is being accounted for by the Key Population (KP). However, stigma and discrimination in our conventional healthcare systems lead to poor access to treatment among these populations. The current study reviews some of the healthcare models implemented for KP HIV program. A retrospective data review of KP patients accessing care using the One Stop Shop (OSS) and Community Clinical Service Assistant Points (CCSAPs) models for HIV care in Zamfara State, Nigeria (May 2022 to May 2023). Important patient data were extracted, analysed and explored in frequency and percentage. Pearson’s chi-square and fisher exact test were also used. Of the 4043 patients, 3737 patients with known viral load were used, CCSAPs had (77.8%) patients and OSS (22.2%). The majority were females (60.7%). The ages were between 25 and 34 years of ages (42.9%). The patients had a mean weight of 58.15Kg. Overal retention to care was (98.6%) with suppression rate of (99.4%), with CCSAPs (99.6%) suppression rate and OSS (99.0%) suppression. Both the CCSAPs and OSS models demonstrated a high rate of viral load suppression and retention in care for KP.The CCSAPs particularly excelled in viral suppression rates and patient retention. More HIV programs need to adopt these service delivery to improve access to care and sustain the progress for epidemic control.

Throughout pregnancy, the immune microenvironment undergoes dynamic changes in patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases (AIDs). These alterations not only affect disease activity and clinical manifestations, but also play a pivotal role in sustaining maternal-fetal immune tolerance and pregnancy outcomes. Extensive preclinical studies have elucidated the mechanisms of immune regulation in normal pregnancy, whereas the dynamic immune changes in pregnancies complicated by AIDs remain poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed significant variations in immune responses to pregnancy among individuals with AIDs, which may contribute to distinct patterns of AIDs flares during this period. Despite substantial progress in immunology and reproductive medicine, comprehensive reviews addressing the dynamic changes in the immune microenvironment during pregnancy in the context of AIDs are lacking. In this review, we summarize existing knowledge and incorporate recent multidisciplinary findings, focusing on the dynamic changes in systemic immune adaptation and maternal-fetal immune interactions in the context of AIDs during pregnancy. We emphasize the clinical significance of these immune dynamics for optimizing management and therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we propose new perspectives and provide recommendations to guide future research and the development of personalized treatment approaches.

The GRADE system is a transparent approach to assess the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations in health. It aids in converting evidence into guidelines, enhancing clarity and application in clinical practice. This study aims to identify scoping and systematic reviews using GRADE in top rehabilitation and neurology journals from 2020 to 2022. The top 13 journals of rehabilitation and/or neurology area were selected by Scopus Sources. All systematic reviews and scoping reviews published between 2020 and 2022 were included. Studies that did not use the original GRADE system or failed to describe the GRADE details were excluded. The data of interest were extracted and analyzed by three researchers for an Excel table. There is no relation between the journals' quality and the number of systematic reviews that used the GRADE system. The Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair and Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases had the highest number of systematic reviews that used the GRADE system (16.7% and 4.8%, respectively). The most used downgrading criteria are both risk of bias and imprecision (100%). The GRADE system is not widely used in the top 13 journals in the rehabilitation and neurology journals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hearing devices for adults with mild-to-severe hearing losses. Specifically, we assessed the magnitude of change across outcome domains, identified measurement tools used, and reported adverse effects associated with device use. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults (≥ 18 years of age) with mild-to-severe hearing loss, comparing any air-conduction hearing device to passive or active controls. Effect sizes were calculated as Hedges's g, and random-effects models estimated pooled effects. Thirty-three RCTs (N = 4,471 participants) met the inclusion criteria, although pooled estimates could be derived from only a subset of trials due to limited reporting. Hearing aids demonstrated moderate-to-large benefits on hearing-related self-report outcomes compared with no-intervention or waitlist controls; however, pooled meta-analytic estimates could not be generated for this comparison because of insufficient data across trials. Compared with placebo, hearing aids yielded a small pooled effect (g ≈ 0.37), driven largely by trials including participants with comorbid Alzheimer's disease. Personal sound amplification products (PSAPs) showed a pooled medium effect compared with no intervention (g ≈ 0.42), with benefits primarily observed for hearing-specific self-report outcomes and selected behavioral measures. In head-to-head comparisons, hearing aids showed a large pooled advantage over other hearing devices, including smartphone hearing aid applications (SHAAs) and extended-wear hearing aids (EWHAs; g ≈ 0.88), based on data from two trials. Across the included studies, most outcomes were self-reported (≈ 81%) and behavioral (≈ 45%), with very limited assessment of cognitive or neurophysiological domains. Nine studies reported adverse events, with only one device-related incident. Heterogeneity was high (I2 > 80%), but no publication bias was detected. Hearing aids provide substantial benefit for hearing-related self-reported outcomes in comparison to PSAPs, SHAAs, EWHAs, and placebo. However, high heterogeneity prevents reliable conclusions based on pooled estimates. There also remains limited evidence on cognitive, neurophysiological, and long-term behavioral outcomes, underscoring the need for more rigorous, domain-diverse RCTs in this field. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.32086299.

Introduction Of the 49.7 million HIV infections that had occurred worldwide by late 1999, 72% were in sub-Saharan Africa; 84% of AIDS deaths, 91% of child HIV infections and 94% of child AIDS deaths worldwide have occurred in Africa [1]. Of children orphaned by AIDS throughout the world, 95% have occurred Africa where numbers of orphans will continue to rise throughout the next decade reaching 40 million by 2010 (Figure 1). Long term solutions will need to be crafted for these children because the impact of HIV/AIDS will linger for decades after the epidemic begins to wane. Even if rates of new infections were to level off in the next few years, the long incubation period means mortality rates will not plateau until 2020. Thus, the proportion of orphans will remain unusually high at least through 2030 [2]. For a variety of reasons, little attention has been paid to the situation of children affected by HIV/AIDS [3]. Greater understanding of the impact of HIV/AIDS on children is important in the design and evaluation of programmes to support children living in difficult circumstances. This paper reviews epidemiological characteristics of children affected by HIV/AIDS, coping mechanisms and current knowledge of the impact of HIV on children. Areas where important gaps in knowledge exist are highlighted.

Conventional treatments have been frequently reported to offer partial relief for some individuals managing arthritis pain and related symptoms, leading many to consider alternative options, such as cannabis. Informed decision-making about cannabis use requires patients to weigh potential benefits and risks in light of their personal values and preferences. This study aims to systematically develop a theory-driven, evidence-based, user-centered decision aid (DA) for older adults with arthritis, considering medical cannabis. The Ottawa Decision Support Framework, the International Patient Decision Aids Standards, and the User-Centeredness approach guided the DA development process in 4 phases. Phase 1 (completed) involved scoping reviews to explore the development of shared decision-making (SDM) tools and the literature addressing cannabis use in arthritis, guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. Phase 2 (in progress) consists of semistructured interviews that are conducted with older adults living with arthritis to explore their decisional needs. Phase 3 (in progress) involves semistructured interviews that are conducted with clinicians to explore how they can participate with their patients during cannabis use decision-making. For phases 2 and 3, recruitment has been initiated in a large urban center in Alberta, Canada. Purposive sampling is conducted, and the sample size will be guided by the principle of information power. Phase 4 (not initiated yet) will involve the development of the DA and alpha testing to explore qualification as a DA and acceptability with advisory board members, including patients and clinicians who participate in the development process. Based on the feedback received, the prototype will be refined accordingly. Subsequently, a future study involving a beta testing phase will be conducted to evaluate the usability, accessibility, and comprehensibility of the DA among naive users. The University of Alberta Human Research Ethics Board approved this study. This protocol is based on the latest version of the ethics application, dated December 14, 2024 (Pro00133420). This project was funded in November 2022. Phase 1 is completed; the advisory board is assembled. Two scoping reviews have been published. The first review showed that the most commonly reported development bases for SDM tools were the Ottawa Decision Support Framework and International Patient Decision Aids Standards criteria, reported in 16% and 53% of tools, respectively. The second review highlighted limited high-quality evidence addressing medical cannabis use for arthritis. Phases 2 and 3 have been initiated. Phase 4 will be initiated when the findings from phases 2 and 3 are available. As of November 2025, we have recruited 10 patients for phase 2 and 7 clinicians for phase 3. This protocol outlines the systematic development of a patient-centered DA to support SDM about medical cannabis for arthritis pain. The findings will show the feasibility of development and inform the refinement of the DA, guiding its readiness for beta testing and future implementation.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, originally developed for hematologic malignancies, has emerged as a transformative candidate for systemic rheumatic diseases and autoimmune disorders (AIDs). Its unique efficacy in refractory AIDs relies on depleting autoreactive B cells and driving antigen-naïve immune reconstitution, achieving durable drug-free remission in early-phase trials. Despite promising clinical and serological responses lasting 2-5 years without long-term immunosuppression, the field faces unmet needs: complex manufacturing, limited tissue penetration, antigen escape, immunological sequelae, and lack of predictive biomarkers. Existing reviews predominantly focus on oncology adaptations or isolated technical aspects, lacking systematic integration of mechanisms, challenges, and precision-oriented innovations for rheumatic diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes CAR-T's action mechanisms in AIDs, analyzes core clinical challenges, and highlights emerging strategies-including universal/in vivo-generated CAR-T cells, multitargeted/logic-gated designs, organ-homing engineering, and rational combinations with tolerance-enhancing agents. It further emphasizes multiomics integration (single-cell transcriptomics, spatial mapping, B-cell receptor/T-cell receptor repertoire analysis) for patient stratification and relapse prediction. By bridging mechanism-driven engineering with clinical translation, this work provides an actionable framework to advance CAR-T toward functional immune reset, enabling precision immunotherapy for refractory rheumatic diseases and AIDs.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention has advanced substantially, yet ending new transmissions by 2030 remains uncertain. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has high biological efficacy, but real-world effectiveness varies due to adherence, access, and delivery barriers. This review aims to synthesize evidence on the efficacy of PrEP in reducing HIV incidence and to discuss its implications for achieving the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2030 targets. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidance, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for English-language studies published between January 2010 and January 2025 assessing PrEP efficacy in high-risk populations. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising more than 20,000 participants across multiple continents were included. Across oral tenofovir-based PrEP trials, risk reduction ranged from 49% to 86% in intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses, with markedly higher efficacy in adherence-defined subgroups (e.g., up to 92-99% in trials with pharmacokinetic confirmation). Long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) was superior to daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) in two large RCTs, with relative risk reduction up to 89% and high observed adherence consistent with clinic-based dosing. Adverse events were generally mild to moderate (gastrointestinal symptoms, headache), with expected renal marker changes in some oral PrEP trials and injection-site reactions for CAB-LA; no consistent evidence of risk compensation was observed. PrEP is highly effective when taken as prescribed, but achieving population-level impact aligned with UNAIDS targets requires scale-up, improved access, and interventions that support persistence and adherence, including expanded delivery models and longer-acting options.

To retrieve, evaluate, and integrate the best available evidence on prevention and management of wound procedural pain management in patients with open wounds, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice. Following the "6S" pyramid model, we systematically searched guideline websites, professional association websites, and databases for guidelines, clinical decision aids, expert consensus statements, evidence summaries, recommended practices, and systematic reviews related to wound procedural pain management in patients with open wounds. The search period was from the establishment of the database to July 2025. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality assessment, evidence extraction, and synthesis. A total of 23 documents were included: 5 guidelines, 1 expert consensus, 3 recommended practices, 3 clinical decisions, 6 evidence summaries, and 5 systematic reviews. Thirty-two best evidence statements were summarized across six aspects: pain assessment and documentation, education and training, dressing selection and replacement, wound cleansing, debridement, and negative pressure therapy, pharmacological intervention strategies, and non-pharmacological intervention strategies. This study reviews the best available evidence on managing procedural pain in open wounds. It offers guidance on the principles of pain management, standardization of procedural techniques, and the timely application of analgesic, emphasizing the importance of pain awareness. The research serves as a reference for developing specialized pain management protocols to improve wound care quality.

With the proliferation of digital technology, the health sector, like other sectors of society, has increasingly adopted digital technologies, resulting in a dynamic landscape where the roles and impacts of digital health tools in different contexts are constantly evolving. This integration of digital technology into the health space has extended into the field of HIV prevention, ushering in new possibilities and challenges. However, review studies documenting the evolving use of digital health tools in HIV prevention are scant, particularly in regions with many low- and middle-income countries, such as in Africa, which have some of the highest HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the world. This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) 2020 guidelines for methodological rigour and will be reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Relevant published literature will be searched using a combination of keywords, Boolean terms and Medical Subject Headings in the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, WHO Digital Health ATLAS and Health Source with no date limits for the studies chosen. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) website and the reference lists of selected articles will also be used for backward searching, and Google Scholar will be used for forward citation tracking. The search strategy will be formulated following the guidelines provided by the Peer review of Electronic Search Strategies statement for peer assessment of electronic search strategies. Two reviewers will independently assess the references to ensure that they align with the predetermined eligibility criteria. Subsequently, the data from the included studies, published between January 2004 and January 2026, reflecting the period in which digital health innovations have rapidly expanded in Africa, will be extracted and any discrepancies resolved using a third reviewer. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse the data, and the findings will be reported using both tables and figures. The PRISMA-ScR will be followed to report this study's results. Quality appraisal of the included studies will be done using the mixed methods appraisal tool V.2018. This study does not involve human participants and only reviews existing literature in the public domain, and therefore ethical approval was not required. Our intention is to disseminate our research findings through a diverse range of channels, including peer-reviewed journals, conferences and webinars.

Stepped-wedge design (SWD) has gained prominence as a versatile research methodology, particularly in public health and implementation science, due to its ability to balance ethical concerns with methodological rigor. This systematic review aims to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of SWD in sub-Saharan African (SSA) research contexts, focusing on the types of interventions, primary outcomes, and the unique geographic and cultural factors influencing the studies. A systematic review protocol was developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under identification number CRD42024530774. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify studies conducted in SSA using SWD from January 2000 to March 2024 across five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library), along with Google Scholar and citation tracking. Studies were included if they utilized SWD in SSA settings and reported relevant public health, clinical, or social interventions. Data were extracted on study characteristics, SWD implementation details, statistical methods, and sample size calculations. A total of 85 studies were included after screening 873 titles and abstracts and conducting full-text reviews of 93 articles. The 85 studies included in the review spanned a wide range of health domains, including HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, tuberculosis, and malaria, conducted across diverse SSA settings such as hospitals, communities, and schools. The studies involved a total of 1,895,788 participants, with sample sizes ranging from 17 to 780,000. Most studies (84.7%) were facility-based, while 15.3% were community-based. The number of clusters per study varied, with some studies using as few as four clusters, while others utilized up to 54 clusters. The number of steps ranged from two to twelve, depending on the complexity and scale of the intervention. Sample size calculations were often based on expected changes in primary outcomes, with many studies assuming an intra-cluster correlation coefficient to account for clustering effects. The SWD was primarily chosen to address ethical concerns, logistical challenges, and resource limitations. The review highlights significant variability in study designs, interventions, and outcomes, reflecting the adaptability of SWD to different contexts and challenges. The SWD has been effectively utilized in SSA research to evaluate a wide range of interventions across diverse settings, demonstrating its flexibility and suitability for addressing complex public health challenges. However, the review also identifies challenges related to study duration, logistical implementation, randomization processes, and statistical analysis, suggesting the need for careful planning and methodological rigor in future studies using SWD. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers and policymakers seeking to optimize the use of SWD in resource-limited settings, ensuring that interventions are both effective and ethically implemented. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024530774, PROSPERO CRD42024530774.

Pregnancy-related Willis-Ekbom disease/restless legs syndrome (WED/RLS) is associated with adverse maternal outcomes, such as preeclampsia, an elevated risk of cesarean delivery, and perinatal depression. Although several guidelines address the management of WED/RLS, most target the general population, with only limited and fragmented recommendations specifically for pregnant women. Furthermore, existing guidelines vary substantially in quality and evidentiary basis, hindering the development of a clear, actionable care pathway for gestational WED/RLS. This study therefore aimed to systematically retrieve, appraise, and synthesize available evidence on the management of WED/RLS during pregnancy to inform obstetric clinical care practice. Evidence retrieval was guided by the 6S evidence pyramid, using a top-down approach to identify relevant guidelines, expert consensus statements, evidence summaries, clinical decision aids, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Literature published from database inception to December 2025 was included. Four reviewers independently screened and appraised the evidence. Evidence extraction and synthesis were subsequently conducted by two sleep medicine physicians using the JBI Grading of Evidence and Recommendation System. From nine included publications (three guidelines, two evidence summaries, three clinical decision aids, and one algorithm), 27 practice recommendations were formulated. These span five core domains: (1) avoidance and management of aggravating factors, (2) preconception counselling and health education, (3) iron supplementation, (4) non-pharmacological treatments, and (5) pharmacological treatments. Together, they outline a stepped-care management strategy for gestational WED/RLS, progressing from pre-pregnancy prevention, through post-diagnosis prioritization of non-pharmacological interventions alongside iron repletion, to pharmacological therapy-restricted to the lowest effective dose and shortest necessary duration in the second or third trimester-only for severe, refractory cases. This study proposes a stepped-care pathway for managing pregnancy-related WED/RLS. Implementation should align recommendations with patient preferences and locally available healthcare resources to ensure contextual applicability and clinical utility.

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to be the hub of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, globally. Despite several attempts to meet their HIV prevention needs, men continue to have high rates of HIV infection. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective treatment that, when taken as prescribed, can be very efficient in preventing and reducing the risk of HIV acquisition. HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been demonstrated to be acceptable among men in SSA. As such, this review aims to explore the existing literature on the integration of PrEP dispensing with HIVST among men in SSA. We will systematically search bibliometric databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, Sociological Abstracts, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses global. Our review will be guided by the Arskey and O'Malley framework and Levac et al. The review results will be reported using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis: extension for scoping reviews guidelines. To assess the methodological quality of the included articles, the mixed methods appraisal tool version 2018 will be used. We will use NVivo software (V.11) to synthesise data from the included studies using a thematic approach. Ethical approval is not required, as this review uses publicly available data. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and engagement with key stakeholders in HIV prevention and treatment across SSA.

To summarize the best available evidence on post-abortion contraceptive counseling for young women (aged 15-24 years) and provide an evidence-based basis for clinical practice. Following the "6S" model, we systematically searched international and Chinese guide websites, professional association websites, and databases in both Chinese and English, from inception to June 2025. The types of literature included clinical decisions, evidence summaries, guidelines, and expert consensus. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Guidelines were assessed by AGREE II, systematic reviews by AMSTAR 2.0, and RCTs and expert consensus by JBI critical appraisal tools. Evidence was graded using the JBI Evidence Grading System (2014) and synthesized by topic. Fifteen articles were included the following: 3 clinical decision aids, 7 guidelines, 2 expert consensus statements, 2 systematic reviews, and 1 RCT. Thirty-three pieces of evidence were summarized across seven categories: provision of contraceptive services, timing of initiation, assessment and counseling, values clarification, complications and management, follow-up, and support. This summary provides contraceptive guidance for young women after induced abortion. Healthcare providers should integrate local policies and personal preferences, follow patient-centered principles, and translate this evidence into practice to increase uptake of efficient contraceptive methods and reduce unintended pregnancies among young women. Fudan University Center for Evidence-Based Nursing (Registration No. ES20257666).