Electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors promise real-time, reagent-free drug and biomarker monitoring, but protein adsorption and enzymatic degradation of their target-recognizing aptamers rapidly depress their signal and induce drift in complex matrices, such as saliva or undiluted whole blood. Size-excluding hydrogels offer an approach to reducing these effects, but the problem remains of achieving long-duration operation without significantly throttling the analyte transport or electron transfer to the electrode. In response, here we show that a tetra-poly(ethylene glycol) (tetra-PEG) hydrogel coating forms a soft, highly hydrated, ∼31 nm mesh network that excludes large glycoproteins and cellular components, reduces drift while preserving electron transfer, and enables acceptably rapid small-molecule access. Specifically, in undiluted saliva and bovine blood, this coating reduces electrode fouling and helps sustain EAB performance. For example, in undiluted whole blood at 37 °C, hydrogel-protected sensors exhibit lower drift over 8 h (∼5.7 vs ∼25.1% for unprotected controls) while maintaining a comparable signal gain across the tested vancomycin concentrations. It thus appears that the tetra-PEG hydrogel network can balance antifouling efficacy and nuclease resistance with electron transfer compatibility, suggesting that it may prove to be a practical route to long-duration, in-matrix, and, ultimately, in vivo monitoring using EAB sensors.
DNA-editing enzymes such as those in the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases play important roles in both normal and pathogenic function, while engineered enzymes offer exciting new possibilities for genome editing. Despite their importance, widely used assays for DNA-editing enzymes are time-consuming and expensive. Here, we describe a new assay for DNA-editing enzymes in which the substrate in the reaction is a chemiluminescent deoxyribozyme called Supernova. Editing alters the sequence of Supernova, which results in a change in catalytic activity and light production. By analyzing a data set of Supernova variants previously identified by selection and high-throughput sequencing, it was possible to generate sensors with a wide range of specificities. Sensors were also developed for APOBEC3A, a cytidine deaminase which converts C to U in single-stranded DNA and RNA. These include a turn-off sensor that produces light 14-fold slower after incubation with recombinant APOBEC3A than in its absence, and a turn-on sensor that generates light 10-fold faster after incubation with APOBEC3A than in its absence. Assays that use these sensors are faster and less expensive than existing ones, and should be particularly useful for applications such as high-throughput screening.
The development of sensitive, selective, and low-cost gas sensors for hazardous pollutants remains a crucial challenge in environmental monitoring. Among gaseous pollutants, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to negatively influence ecosystem dynamics. The novelty of this study lies in the synergistic integration of graphene dots (GDs) with ZnO, which significantly enhances the sensing performance while enabling efficient operation at a reduced temperature. The synthesized materials were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric analysis, confirming the successful formation of the GD-ZnO hybrid structure. The fabricated thick-film sensors, tested in the 0.125-4 ppm of H2S concentration range, exhibited an optimal operating temperature of 200 °C and a linear and fast response with a good sensitivity and recovery time. Compared to pure ZnO, the GD-ZnO composite in a 1:1 ratio not only demonstrated higher sensitivity and selectivity toward H2S but also achieved efficient gas detection at a significantly lower operating temperature. The GD-ZnO (1:1) composition demonstrated the best performance, showing excellent repeatability, stability, and discrimination against interfering gases, such as CO, SO2, NO2, and H2. Overall, the enhanced sensing performance, characterized by a sensitivity of 2.8582 × 10-3, low operating temperature, and reliable response-recovery behavior, highlights the strong potential of the GD-ZnO nanocomposite for practical implementation in compact, low-power, and cost-effective H2S monitoring devices for environmental and industrial safety applications.
This study is part of a research effort motivated by the effective nanofiller functionalization of polymers for 3D printing sensors, enabling the fine-tuning of their functional properties. While the aspects of various conductive fillers, including their morphology, concentration, dispersion, and surface modification, are widely studied, the dispersing medium receives far less attention. Previously, we revealed a significant effect of conjugated electrons on the overall dielectric properties of filled aromatic polymers. This work examines another aspect of the complex interactions in multicomponent nanocomposite resins by investigating homopolymers and copolymers of two nonconjugated acrylic precursors with seemingly similar dielectric properties after curing but different orientational polarizability in the liquid state. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are employed as a model filler. The results linked rheological, dielectric, and photopolymerization properties with performance in a simple capacitance-correlated strain-sensor setup. It revealed nontrivial and unintuitive effects, scaling the functional properties up to an order of magnitude. The best sensors achieved a sensitivity of 57 pF per 1% of strain, linearity of 0.99, and drift below 1.5% after 500 cycles. These were attributed to the adjusted filler dispersion through the displacement effect, which was fueled by the presence of the second monomer acting as a cosolvent. The results guide the path to improved sensor performance and effective nanofiller functionalization while providing critical material considerations for future academic research and industrial development.
Background autofluorescence presents a major obstacle to fluorescence-based sensors in complex biological environments, creating substantial interference that undermines the sensitivity of detection. Here, we introduce a strategy for autofluorescence-free monitoring of biomarkers using time-gated fluorescent aptamer switches. The switches are labeled with a europium chelate donor and an acceptor fluorophore, and the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the dyes is modulated upon target binding. The long (∼1 ms) luminescence lifetime of the europium chelate enables the selective detection of the switch fluorescence while filtering out short-lived background autofluorescence. Furthermore, we present a generalizable framework for designing time-gated fluorescence aptamer switches and apply it to three clinically relevant biomarkers: glucose, lactate, and cortisol. By tuning the design of our switches, we can optimize the time-gated FRET signal change with target binding. These switches detect their targets across physiologically relevant concentration ranges and exhibit reversible responses with minute-scale temporal resolution, making them well suited for continuous monitoring applications. Finally, we develop a compact sensor platform that integrates our switches with custom hardware for monitoring biomarkers in undiluted human serum. Overall, our approach offers a simple, compact solution for biosensing in complex biological samples.
Two-polarized electrode (2PE) electrochemical configurations are adopted in miniaturized and disposable sensors, reducing instrumentation complexity and avoiding practical complications associated with reference electrodes. Redox-cycling strategies have been proposed for signal amplification by preconverting the target species to complete a reversible redox couple, thereby enabling sustained interconversion between the two polarized electrodes. In these configurations, rational device design and quantitative interpretation of the measured response require explicit consideration of the mutual coupling between the two interfacial processes. This work develops a theoretical framework for redox cycling in two-electrode, single-potentiostat configurations, describing the full current-potential-time response under chronoamperometric and cyclic voltammetric conditions. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the current, interfacial concentrations and local potentials at each electrode. Working curves map the signal enhancement and defining features of chronoamperometric and voltammetric responses across the steady-state, transient redox-cycling and semi-infinite diffusion regimes, thereby providing practical diagnostic criteria for the design, characterization and interpretation of 2PE devices. The theory and signal-analysis protocols are validated experimentally, obtaining good agreement between simulated and measured responses.
Wearable sensing technologies hold great promise for continuous and non-invasive monitoring of cardiovascular health, offering new avenues for early detection and effective management of cardiovascular diseases. Despite these advances, several critical challenges remain, including inefficiencies in sensor design, the degradation of calibration model accuracy over time, and difficulties in processing complex physiological signals under real-world conditions. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into wearable cardiovascular monitoring systems presents transformative solutions to these limitations by improving system performance, adaptability, and clinical applicability. In this review, we provide an overview of current wearable technologies for cardiovascular monitoring, including their mechanisms, characteristics, and limitations. An in-depth discussion is subsequently presented on AI-driven wearable cardiovascular monitoring, encompassing five critical facets: sensor design, sensor calibration, signal processing, pattern recognition, and disease management. Furthermore, we analyze the challenges associated with the widespread use of AI-based wearable systems and provide insights into potential strategies for addressing these challenges. This review is expected to serve as a roadmap for future research and development in the rapidly evolving field of intelligent cardiovascular health monitoring.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a key environmental trigger for the flare-ups of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), making personalized UV monitoring and early warning an urgent unmet clinical need for SLE management. Conventional UV detectors, however, cannot adapt to the cumulative and delayed characteristics of UV-induced damage in SLE patients or the interindividual differences in UV sensitivity and thus fail to provide personalized protection strategies. To enable precise UV damage assessment and proactive early warning for SLE patients, we developed an organic optoelectronic synaptic device through poly(amic acid) (PAA)/HfO2 heterogeneous interface engineering. Notably, these devices bridge fundamental UV detection with clinical personalization, as their bioinspired integration of "sensing-storage-computation" allows for capturing the complex characteristics of UV damage in SLE. The optimized devices demonstrate outstanding performance, featuring high mobility (27.5 cm2V-1s-1), responsivity (5.9 × 105 AW-1), specific detectivity (4.4 × 1016 Jones), and excellent cycling stability (>5,000 cycles). Functionally, these devices mimic biological sensitization and threshold-triggered responses to reproduce UV damage accumulation, a function unavailable in conventional devices. Dynamic tuning of the optical response threshold through gate voltage further allows customized configuration of early warning levels. Furthermore, the device can generate timely warnings before UV exposure reaches levels linked to SLE flare-ups, thus enabling effective preventive protection. This work offers a new strategy for personalized UV protection in SLE patients and expands the application scope of neuromorphic devices in autoimmune disease management.
In consumer electronics and industrial electronics today, transistors are common devices. With the rapid development of electronic skin and wearable electronics, there has been an escalating demand to extend thin film transistors as sensors to perceive multiple physiological signals and varieties of external stimuli. However, conventional single-function sensors are limited to detecting only one physical parameter, which is inadequate to meet the growing requirement for multifunctional integration in increasingly complex application scenarios. Consequently, recent efforts have been put forward to develop multimodal sensors for simultaneous detection of multiple physical quantities. To achieve full process perception of varieties of targets from proximity to contact, here in-plane interdigital piezoelectric polymer capacitors were introduced to amorphous oxide thin film transistors as extended gates to construct flexible multimodal sensors, in which the piezoelectric effect endowed the sensors with contact perception capability, and electrostatic induction realized sensitive proximity perception of a charged object, while the fringe capacitance effect further guaranteed noncontact perception of a zero potential and conductive target. The synergistic effect of both the piezoelectric effect and field effect further endowed the devices with effective perception of both static and dynamic mechanical excitation beyond the capability of a piezoelectric capacitor alone. Such devices realized proximity perception of a variety of common objects and tactile perception of pulse, breath, and bending of human joints. This piezoelectric extended gate transistor configuration was further developed as an electronic skin to control the grasping action of a mechanical hand as well as the measurement of the applied force. This work provides a feasible solution to design multimodal sensing systems for applications in electronic skin, wearable devices, and robotic perception.
Fiber-optic systems are fundamental optical platforms for constructing fluorometric biosensors. However, their light-collection efficiency at the fiber tip is inherently limited by the numerical aperture and is not particularly high. This poses a challenge for biosensors that require detecting trace molecules, such as in transcutaneous acetone gas sensing. Here, we propose a fluorescence light-collection approach that employs a hemi-ellipsoidal mirror that can be readily fabricated using a stereolithography-based 3D printer and a commercially available mirror-finish spray paint. Because an ellipse has two focal points, light emitted from one focus is reflected by the ellipsoidal surface and converges at the opposite focus. Based on this principle, we constructed and evaluated a hemi-ellipsoidal mirror-based fluorometric biosensor equipped with a flow cell and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) positioned at each focus. A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) was employed in the fluorometric biosensor, which selectively reduces acetone and consumes the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) with an autofluorescence property (ex 340 nm, fl 490 nm). The hemi-ellipsoidal mirror was fabricated by manually polishing the inner surface of a 3D-printed hemi-ellipsoidal shell, followed by coating with a mirror-finish spray to achieve a mirror surface. A collimated UV-LED light source, bandpass filters, a flow cell, and a PMT were aligned to assemble the system. Using this setup, NADH concentrations from 94 nM to 1 mM were quantified, achieving a limit of quantification nine times lower than that of a conventional fiber-optic system. Also, integrating an S-ADH-immobilized membrane enabled real-time monitoring of the acetone reduction reaction via fluorescence decrease. The dynamic range for acetone was 42 nM to 1 mM (14 times more sensitive than fiber-optics). These findings demonstrate that the hemi-ellipsoidal mirror enables highly sensitive fluorescence detection and holds strong potential for application in transcutaneous acetone gas sensing. Furthermore, the easily fabricable hemi-ellipsoidal mirror system showed high potential as a platform for fluorometric biosensors, capable of replacing fiber-optic systems.
The safe deployment of hydrogen (H2) energy requires highly sensitive sensing technologies that eliminate intrinsic ignition risks. Herein, this work reports a high-performance room-temperature calorimetric H2 sensor, achieved through the synergistic integration of a highly sensitive single-crystal silicon micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) thermopile with a two-dimensional (2D) Pd metallene catalyst. The ultrathin thickness and defect-rich structure of the Pd metallene provides exceptional catalytic activity for ambient hydrogen oxidation to water, a mechanism directly visualized by in situ Raman microspectroscopy, while the MEMS thermopile efficiently transduces the generated reaction heat into an electrical signal. Compared to sensors employing traditional Pd nanoparticles, the 2D Pd metallene-based device exhibits a remarkable 690-fold enhancement in response signal, alongside significantly accelerated response/recovery kinetics (response/recovery time: ∼3 s). The sensor demonstrates outstanding comprehensive performance, including an extremely low detection limit (<25 ppb), a wide linear detection range (25 ppb to 2%), good selectivity, minimal power consumption (∼4 mW), and long-term stability. This work not only elucidates the superior catalytic properties of 2D Pd metallenes for room-temperature hydrogen oxidation but also establishes a new pathway for developing ultralow-power, high-performance H2 sensors for safety-critical applications.
The engineered formation of ternary complexes, in which two proteins are bridged by small molecules such as PROTACs or molecular glues, is a prerequisite for the targeted enzymatic degradation of pathogenic proteins; however, the combined analysis of these ternary interactions during the drug discovery process remains challenging. Here, we introduce a proximity binding assay for the simultaneous measurement of binary and ternary interaction kinetics on a biosensor surface. Target proteins and the substrate binding subunit of ubiquitin E3 ligase are tethered to mobile swivel arms of a Y-shaped DNA scaffold. The Y-structure induces spatial proximity between the proteins and presents them to PROTAC analytes flown across the sensor. PROTAC-induced ternary complex formation is measured by fluorescence energy transfer (FRET), while binary interactions are detected by fluorescence quenching. The assay is applied to cereblon (CRBN) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) as E3 ligase substrate receptors, a range of compounds including AT1, MZ1, dBETs, and ARV-825 as PROTACs, and the two bromodomains of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT proteins as targets. Automated workflows enable the measurement of 384 real-time sensorgrams in a single run using picomole sample quantities. The insights into proximity-mediated binding kinetics can enable the development of PROTACs and molecular glues with improved properties for targeted protein degradation.
Hydrogen (H2) is a critical clean energy carrier, yet its flammability demands sensors that are both highly sensitive and selective. SnO2-based semiconductors show promise but typically suffer from poor selectivity, high operating temperatures, and complex fabrication methods. We report a simplified and reproducible two-step integration of flame spray pyrolysis (FSP)-derived SnO2 films with capillary-force-assisted drop-casting of 1 wt % Pd. This yields porous films with well-dispersed Pd that enhance catalytic activity and gas diffusion, while toluene-induced capillary forces promote nanoparticle necking and cluster formation, refining the microstructure. The Pd-functionalized sensor (1% Pd@M-SnO2) exhibits a strong response of ∼18.5 toward 400 ppm H2 at 200 °C, representing approximately 13- and 6-fold enhancements over pristine SnO2 (P-SnO2, ∼1.4) and surface-modified SnO2 (M-SnO2, ∼3), respectively. High H2 selectivity is further evidenced by the low cross-responses to CO, CH4, and CO2 (≤1.8 at 40 ppm and 150 °C), consistent with DFT results showing stronger H2 adsorption on Pd-SnO2 (Eads = -1.12 eV; H-H = 0.89 Å) than CO (-0.69 eV), CO2 (-0.15 eV), or CH4 (-0.13 eV). This approach bridges scalable nanomaterial synthesis with precision surface functionalization, offering a versatile route for next-generation hydrogen sensors.
With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy economy, there is an increasingly urgent demand for low-power-consumption and integrable sensors capable of accurate and real-time monitoring of hydrogen (H2). In this study, SnO2 nanoparticles rich in oxygen vacancies were successfully prepared via a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived method. Based on this, highly dispersed Pt-modified SnO2 nanoparticles were fabricated using a two-step annealing method, and a MEMS H2 sensor with high response and low power consumption was developed. Studies have shown that the 0.5%Pt-SnMOF/600-SnO2 sensor exhibits a high response of 31.5 to 100 ppm of H2 at an operating temperature of 201 °C, which is 2.7 times that of the SnMOF/600-SnO2 sensor (with an optimal operating temperature of 244 °C), and its power consumption is only 22.1 mW. Furthermore, this sensor demonstrates excellent comprehensive performance, including an extremely low limit of detection of 73.6 ppb, outstanding selectivity, and good long-term stability. Mechanistic studies indicate that the enhancement of gas-sensing performance is due to a combination of factors: plentiful oxygen vacancies, the role of Pt in promoting oxygen reactions, and its effect on the material's electronic properties.
Ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) gels offer a pathway for harvesting low-grade heat in flexible electronics, yet achieving the concurrent enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency, mechanical robustness, adhesion, and self-healing capabilities remains a significant challenge. Herein, sericin is incorporated into an ion-polymer matrix to construct a dual physical-chemical cross-linking network via hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, and dipole-dipole interactions. This network restricts anionic phosphate migration and amplifies the thermal diffusion entropy difference between charge carriers, thereby coupling ionic transport modulation to mechanical reinforcement. Consequently, the Seebeck coefficient rises from 3.45 to 10.16 mV/K, electrical conductivity increases from 0.31 to 0.55 mS/cm, and fracture elongation reaches 2698% with a toughness of 2.13 MJ·m-3. The resulting SHED gel adheres strongly to diverse substrates, undergoes rapid self-healing (94.65% tensile recovery; 330.7 ms conductivity restoration), and sustains performance under deformation. Molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations corroborate the sericin-induced synergy in ion transport and network mechanics. This strategy resolves the mechanical-thermoelectric trade-off, advancing i-TE gels toward high-performance, wearable, self-powered sensors and human-machine interfaces.
Metal nanoparticles and their environment can be locally heated on an ultrafast time scale using femtosecond pulsed illumination of their plasmon resonance, making them of interest for spatiotemporal temperature control. Here, we propose experimental approaches to obtain time-resolved particle and medium temperatures using gold nanoparticles. 23.5 and 39 nm nanoparticles dispersed in water and DMF:water mixture were heated and probed using transient absorption spectroscopy. Simulations indicate that the change in absorbance >10 ps after excitation arises from temperature-induced alterations in the dielectric functions of the particle and the medium. Thus, we measured the temperature-dependent absorbance spectra of nanoparticles, where the signal reflects the combined response of the particle and the medium to heating for a known temperature. We then disentangled the spectra obtaining the particle (Method 1) and the medium contributions (Method 2) to heating independently, followed by a consistency check between the two approaches (Method 3). Accordingly, the transient absorbance spectrum was resolved to extract particle and medium temperatures at each time delay. The resulting profiles are in line with each other, revealing temperature increases of ∼80 K for the particle and 5-15 K for the medium when excited at 400 nm with ∼4 J/m2 fluence. A faster particle temperature decay was observed with decreasing particle size and a faster medium temperature decay with increasing medium thermal diffusivity, in agreement with expectations. Overall, we demonstrate an experimental methodology for simultaneous determination of particle and medium temperatures under a spatiotemporal gradient which is relevant for studies with transient heating and nanoparticles as sensors.
Chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors are a promising technology for real-time, wireless monitoring of the structural health of infrastructures in complex environments; however, they have not seen wide-scale adaptation in deformation sensing because of performance and cost limitations. We have designed, manufactured, and prototyped a complementary U-shaped chipless RFID sensor using routine printing methods and an ink prepared from highly conductive and processable nitrogen-doped thermally reduced graphene oxide (N-TrGO) materials. The sensor is printed on a low-cost, flexible, plastic substrate. The electromagnetic performance of the sensor is evaluated under different mechanical deformation conditions, including bending, torsion, and linear strain. The assessment is based on key backscattered signal parameters such as the reflected intensity, resonance frequency, and quality (Q) factor. Under bending deformation, the sensor exhibits a linear negative correlation in reflected signal intensity and an exponential decay in the Q-factor. In contrast, torsional loading results in a linear reduction in both the reflected intensity and Q-factor. During strain sensing, the sensor exhibits a linear shift in resonance toward lower frequencies as strain increases, confirming its capability to detect tensile deformations effectively. Aside from being rather easy to manufacture, microscopic surface analysis and sheet resistance of the film before and after cyclic deformation confirm the mechanical robustness and electrical stability of graphene-based tags. The sensor's performance was further evaluated under varying environmental conditions, including changes in relative humidity and temperature, to assess its operational stability in realistic settings. Overall, the sensor addresses reading range limitations of printed chipless RFID devices reported so far, reaching reading distances in excess of 80 cm while facilitating the quantification of multimodal deformations. These results highlight the potential of graphene materials as a realistic substitute for metal-based inks for more mechanically robust, cost-effective, and tailored solutions for wireless deformation sensing in emerging applications.
The management of radioactive iodine, a typical fission product released in the nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear accidents, demands not only a deep decontamination capability but also reliable monitoring of adsorbent status. However, this critical need is yet unrealized by conventional sorbents. To bridge this gap, we propose a design strategy that integrates iodine adsorption with intrinsic optical properties within a series of zero-dimensional crown ether-based cuprous halide clusters (Cu-I-18C6-BnCl and Cu-X-18C6-PDA, X = I/Br/Cl, BnCl = protonated 4-chloroaniline ion, PDA = protonated 1,3-propanediamine ion). In these hybrids, both the crown ether-amine motifs and CuX clusters act as efficient iodine-binding sites, while the luminescent CuX clusters serve as stimuli-responsive optical sensors. The organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide Cu-Cl-18C6-PDA exhibits an exceptional iodine vapor adsorption capacity of 3.27 g·g-1, even rivaling conventional porous adsorbents. More strikingly, Cu-I-18C6-BnCl exhibits complete and irreversible fluorescence quenching exactly at the adsorption breakthrough point during dynamic flow experiments, providing an unambiguous visual signal of column saturation without the need for instrumentation. This work integrates an efficient iodine adsorbent and sensor within zero-dimensional (0D) crown ether-functionalized cuprous halide clusters, advancing smart adsorbent systems for nuclear waste treatment and environmental remediation.
Ferronematics, a class of materials capable of forming macroscopic ferromagnetic phases and offering magnetic control, were first proposed by Brochard and de Gennes over five decades ago and have recently been realized in molecular liquid crystals. However, this powerful tool remains untapped in colloidal chiral liquid crystals. Here, we report a lyotropic ferromagnetic chiral nematic liquid crystal by homogeneously dispersing anisotropic barium hexaferrite nanoplates into a cellulose nanocrystal matrix, which enables the formation of a macroscopic chiral monodomain with responsive features under weak magnetic fields (∼50 mT). We demonstrate that the nanoplates lock their surface normal to the chiral director, guiding domain alignment and coarsening while imparting a robust ferromagnetic response. This work provides a scalable platform for low-field fabrication of monodomains with applications spanning photonics, soft actuators, sensors, radiative cooling materials, and intelligent soft matter.
Continuously unobtrusive monitoring of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is highly desirable for public health. Current UV sensors often compromise optical transparency, mechanical flexibility, and power, limiting their seamless integration into eyewear for real-time and visualized monitoring. Here, we report an intelligent eyeglass patch based on a self-driven ionogel photosynaptic device for UV perception. The synapse is made from a silver nanoparticle-doped ionogel matrix integrated with transparent silver nanowire electrodes. This design ensures both high optical transparency and flexibility, offering a comfortable orientation to curved surfaces. The synergy of the particle-triggered photothermoelectric and nanowire electrode-induced electric double layer contributes to enhance optical absorption and transduce it into amplified, synaptic-like electrical responses upon light exposure. By further attachment onto eyewear, the patch provides continuous, real-time environmental UV monitoring with immediate visual feedback for early warning, all without obstructing vision or compromising comfort. This work offers a practical user-friendly platform to create interactive perception systems for proactive personal health protection.