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Machine learning has created new opportunities for gas adsorption research using nanoporous materials, but the field's evolution remains insufficiently quantified. This study retrieved literature from the Web of Science Core Collection for 2010-2026 and retained 730 valid records from 1581 initial publications after screening. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R were used to analyze publication growth, collaboration networks, journal sources, and thematic evolution. Results show that annual output remained generally below 20 before 2019, then increased rapidly and reached approximately 280 publications in 2025, indicating accelerated integration of machine learning with adsorption simulation, material screening, and performance evaluation. The source distribution broadened from a limited set of chemistry and engineering journals to diverse venues, with recent high publication weights in Chemical Engineering Journal, Separation and Purification Technology, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, and Journal of Materials Chemistry A. Collaboration analysis identified 10 compact author clusters, including groups associated with Randall Q. Snurr, Seda Keskin, Zhiwei Qiao, Qingyuan Yang, and Chongli Zhong, whereas the weak bridging links among clusters indicate that cross-community collaboration remains limited. Country and institutional analyses show that China, the United States, Canada, Iran, India, South Korea, and the United Kingdom are leading contributors, with Guangzhou University, Koç University, Northwestern University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, and the United States Department of Energy occupying prominent positions. Keyword evolution reveals a shift from adsorption behavior and porous adsorbents toward data-guided material selection, high-throughput screening, deep learning, Bayesian optimization, and performance optimization, offering guidance for data-driven adsorbent discovery.

Complex refractive indices of materials encode fundamental information on light-matter interactions and are critical for the design of advanced photonic and optoelectronic devices. In many emerging materials, refractive indices change under external stimuli such as temperature, electric fields, or strain. Tracking these changes in-operando is critical for active photonic and optoelectronic device design, but remains challenging. Conventional methods such as ellipsometry rely on labor-intensive model fitting and are often impractical for multilayer stacks or in-operando measurements. Optical reflectometry offers a simpler alternative but suffers from ambiguous extraction of refractive index from reflectance spectra and limited applicability under dynamic modulation. Here, we present ReflectoRNN, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered reflectometry framework based on recurrent neural networks (RNN), for real-time extraction of complex refractive indices in evolving materials. ReflectoRNN extracts refractive indices from reflectance spectra under thermal, electrical, magnetic, or mechanical stimuli. It achieves a median Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) of 0.998 and a relative accuracy score (RAS) of 0.968 on generated datasets. Validation experiments on MoS2 and WS2 across diverse substrates, including single-layer and multilayer dielectric stacks, and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), demonstrate high accuracy and physical consistency, with temperature-dependent exciton resonance energy matching Bose-Einstein predictions. ReflectoRNN enables in-operando optical characterization of materials across complex photonic structures and offers a pathway toward automated, real-time monitoring and accelerated materials discovery.

The accelerating demand for high-performance energy storage systems, driven by renewable energy integration and the electrification of transportation, necessitates the development of next-generation batteries with higher energy density, enhanced safety, and long-term stability. Among various anode materials, transition-metal oxides (TMOs) and transition-metal sulfides (TMSs) have emerged as two highly promising families due to their structural versatility, abundant redox-active centers, and cost-effective synthesis. TMOs, such as MnO2 and Fe2O3, offer high theoretical capacities and chemical robustness but are hindered by poor electronic conductivities and sluggish ion transport. In contrast, TMSs, such as FeS2 and VS2, exhibit superior electrical conductivity, multielectron redox activity, and high energy density; however, they suffer from severe polysulfide dissolution, large volume expansion, and interfacial instability. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of TMOs and TMSs in terms of their electrochemical performance, synthesis strategies, and structural evolution during cycling. Furthermore, it highlights recent advances in structural engineering techniques, such as high-entropy strategies, defect modulation, and crystal facet engineering, that address their intrinsic limitations. Finally, emerging research directions and green synthesis strategies are discussed, offering a critical perspective on the future design of oxide- and sulfide-based anodes for high-performance lithium- and sodium-ion batteries.

Excitons in two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) exhibit large and tunable binding energies, making them promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. In particular, long-range exciton energy transfer in these materials holds potential for light-harvesting technologies and nanoscale interconnects. Here, using cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that exciton energy can be transferred over ultralong distances─up to 150 μm─in heterostructures composed of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and RPPs. This transfer is enabled by efficient exciton coupling to defect centers in hBN and subsequent defect-defect interactions. This mechanism not only facilitates long-range energy transfer but also leads to enhanced luminescence intensity, narrower emission line widths, extended exciton lifetimes, and reduced electron beam-induced degradation. Owing to the high density of emitters within the hBN layers, the investigated van der Waals heterostructure emerges as a robust and stable hybrid platform. Our findings enable room-temperature excitonic devices with enhanced performance, including quantum transducers, light-harvesting systems, and optoelectronic interconnects.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer exceptional tunability of optoelectronic properties, enabling wide-band-gap absorbers that are highly attractive for semitransparent devices in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, challenges associated with stability, scalability, and materials' cost continue to limit their practical deployment, highlighting the pivotal role of hole transport materials (HTMs) in achieving high efficiency and durable device operation. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of three novel small-molecule HTMs based on phenothiazine-triarylamine cores, prepared via concise synthetic routes with moderate-to-high yields. The electron-rich, nonplanar phenothiazine scaffold enables suppressed aggregation and favorable energy-level alignment, rendering these materials particularly suitable for wide-band-gap and semitransparent PSCs. When implemented in FAPbBr3-based semitransparent devices, two candidates (SM1 and SM2) achieve power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of the state-of-the-art poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) (PCE = 6.26% and 6.09% for SM1 and SM2, respectively, vs 6.39% for PTAA). Notably, their enhanced optical transparency leads to comparable light-utilization efficiency (LUE) (4.05 and 3.99 for SM1 and SM2, respectively, vs 4.07 for PTAA), with outstanding and superior bifaciality factors (84% and 82% for SM1 and SM2, respectively, vs 81% for PTAA), providing a distinct advantage beyond conventional opaque-PV efficiency metrics. These findings position phenothiazine-based HTMs as promising, cost-effective alternatives to PTAA for scalable semitransparent perovskite solar cells.

The scaling limits of conventional electronics necessitate a shift toward alternative physical computing substrates. We present a universal logic design based on a novel materials platform employing FRET-coupled Fluorescent Protein (FP) NOR gates. By leveraging the nonlinear dynamics of Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) to bypass slow protein backbone rearrangements, this system enables all-optical switching at speeds ranging from 1 GHz to potentially even 1 THz. We developed a dynamic multistage model of a three-protein FRET-STED cascade to evaluate performance. While a "lifetime bottleneck" initially limits standard operation, we demonstrate that engineering the plasmonic environment via Nanometal Surface Energy Transfer (NSET) enables 1 GHz operation with current protein variants. Analysis of fundamental electronic transitionsspecifically vibrational relaxationconfirms a theoretical bandwidth of ∼3.15 THz for optimized synthetic chromoproteins. This work establishes a robust foundation for high-speed, nanoscale, all-optical computing using DNA origami as a molecular breadboard for precise sub-10 nm positioning.

The urgent need to scale carbon capture technologies to gigaton levels has intensified the search for sorbent materials combining high CO2 capacity, selectivity, and stability with low regeneration energy and practical processability. Recent advances in polymer science and materials engineering have enabled the rational synthesis of polymeric gels with precisely controlled backbones, functional groups, morphologies, and additives. Unlike conventional porous solids or liquid amine sorbents, polymeric gels are soft, adaptive three-dimensional networks that offer high surface area, tunable polymer-CO2-H2O interactions, and structural versatility across multiple length scales, presenting an emerging class of materials for CO2 capture. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in molecular design of polymeric networks, nano-to microscale morphological control and macroscale device integration with sorption columns, separation membranes, and renewable energy-driven regeneration systems. We highlight the versatile tunability of polymeric gels for durable, energy-efficient CO2 capture and discuss the remaining challenges and future opportunities to transform these current findings into practical carbon mitigation technologies.

Organic cathode materials are promising candidates for sustainable energy development due to their ready accessibility and structural diversity compared with inorganic materials. However, the widely used commercial binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) that generates persistent fluorocarbon waste. Furthermore, PVDF is not ionically conductive, which limits its effectiveness in organic electrodes. The solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), which is broadly used in the fabrication of organic electrodes, also presents significant drawbacks, including health risks and high energy demands during fabrication due to its high boiling point. In this study, we report a green binder-solvent combination for organic cathode materials. A sustainable, novel polyether dopamine polymer binder (PDO) with an ion-conductive backbone and dopamine pendant groups is developed as a sustainable alternative to PVDF. The polymer can be synthesized on the gram scale with facile modification. Following binder synthesis, we investigated several green solvents in combination with PDO to develop a greener processing method for organic cathode materials. Preliminary electrochemical testing in aqueous zinc-ion batteries with two commonly used carbonyl-based cathode molecules demonstrates that the PDO-GS system outperforms the conventional PVDF-NMP system. Mechanistic studies revealed enhanced ion charge transfer in electrodes prepared with PDO-GS. These findings emphasize the potential of PDO-GS as a sustainable performance-enhancing binder and solvent system for organic cathodes.

Lignin is an attractive precursor for renewable carbon materials due to its low cost and comparatively high carbon yield. The resulting carbons may be used in energy storage devices (supercapacitors and batteries) and structural composites. Since lignin has substantial variability in its chemical structure, influenced by its botanical origin and the method of extraction, this work explores the effect of lignin type on the structure and performance of porous carbon materials, using electrospun carbon nanofibers applied as freestanding supercapacitor electrodes as an example. Precursor nanofiber mats were electrospun from aqueous NaOH solutions of six technical lignins, which originated from commercially relevant biomass types, i.e., hardwood (eucalyptus and beech), softwood (pine/spruce mix), and grass (Miscanthus) and three extraction methods (ethanol organosolv, Kraft, and ionosolv), with poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the spinning aid. After stabilization at 250 °C and carbonization/activation at 1000 °C, the supercapacitor performance was evaluated in symmetric two-electrode cells using an aqueous electrolyte (6 M KOH). Correlation of a large number of microstructural characteristics and lignin chemical properties showed that a high micropore (1-2 nm) volume increased gravimetric capacitance of the lignin-derived carbon nanofiber (LCNF) mats (up to 192 F/g at 0.25 A/g), while a high packing density maximized volumetric capacitance (up to 19.9 F/cm3 at 0.25 A/g). The packing density of the LCNF electrodes was strongly correlated to the viscosity of the lignin-PEO solution, showing potential for engineering material performance through spinning solution composition. Technical lignins with higher contents of phenylpropanoid linkages and hydroxyl groups, especially phenolic hydroxyl groups, exhibited increased microporosity and hence gravimetric capacity but also decreasing packing density and hence volumetric capacitance, indicating a trade-off situation. Finally, by changing the aqueous electrolyte to a water-in-salt electrolyte (12 mol/kg NaNO3), the energy density of the best-performing supercapacitor cell was increased from 8.9 to 15.5 Wh/kg, due to the higher stable operating voltage (1.8 vs 1.2 V), delivering competitive performance with typical activated carbon powder-based supercapacitors (5-15 Wh/kg) and highlighting the importance of the whole device design for boosting performance.

The nitrogen-containing compounds in coal tar have always been an essential focus in the field of sustainable resources. They play a crucial role in the full utilization of coal-derived energy substances. The molecular-level structural characterization and quantitative analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds in coal tar represent key challenges for the energy and chemical industries. However, the two-dimensional 1H-15N HMBC method suffers from limitations in quantitative applications owing to low signal sensitivity and poor compatibility with internal standards. This study screened and validated a small-molecule internal standard and systematically investigated its linear response characteristics across various nuclear magnetic resonance experiments (1H NMR, 19F NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-13C HMBC, 1H-13C HSQC, and 1H-15N HMBC). The results showed that the internal standard exhibited a good linear relationship (R 2 ≥ 0.984) under all tested pulse sequences within a specified concentration range. In the 1H-15N HMBC experiment, the peak integral values of the internal standard signal showed excellent linear correlation with the characteristic signal integral values of various quinoline compounds (R 2 ≥ 0.957). The internal standard was applied to the analysis of raw and nitrogen-doped coal tar samples, successfully enabling signal identification and relative quantification of specific nitrogen-containing compounds in nitrogen-doped tar, and clearly revealing the structural evolution patterns in the transformation of particular nitrogen functional groups during pyrolysis. The cross-sequence linear internal standard developed in this study addresses the poor internal standard compatibility of internal standards for quantitative analysis using multipulse NMR sequences in complex matrices, which helps reduce intersequence systematic errors, achieve cross-validation, and streamline experimental design and sample preparation in future applications, and provides a novel strategy and reliable data support for the quantitative application of 1H-15N HMBC technology in the fields of energy and materials.

Multilayer plastic films play a critical role in packaging, with each polymer layer contributing specific properties to the multilayer film. Multilayer plastic films are not currently recyclable due to the bound polymers. With multilayer film production of about 20 million metric tons in 2024 and rising, end-of-life treatment becomes pressing. This work presents a scalable solvent-based delamination recycling process that is applied to commercial postindustrial multimaterial films to unbind the materials within a multilayer film by dissolving only the adhesive layer and recover polyethylene (PE) as an intact solid film. Solvent-based delamination is a simple process that allows the complete recovery of materials and solvents used in the process. The delaminating solvent, 88% formic acid in water, induces delamination of PE/PEI/PET and PE/PU/PET films at 70 °C in under an hour. Recovered PE has no contamination detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical properties on par with those of virgin resin. The recovery of high-quality solid PE film fit for reprocessing, at low operating temperatures and with closed-loop solvent reuse, promotes delamination as a low energy consumption and environmentally friendly recycling process. PE recovered from delamination can be reused in equivalent products, promoting circularity of multimaterial films.

This study reports the synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of gel-synthesized ZrB2 for all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitors. The prepared ZrB2 powders were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and XPS analyses. Electrochemical performance was tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte in both positive and negative voltage ranges at a wide range of scan rates from 5 to 500 mV/s. Specific capacitances ranged from 18 to 55 F/g in the positive region and 19-73 F/g in the negative region. Dunn's method analysis revealed that pseudocapacitive contributions dominated at low scan rates (80%), while electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) contributions dominated at high scan rates (70%), indicating hybrid energy storage behavior. A solid-state symmetric supercapacitor cell was assembled using ZrB2 electrodes with PVA/Na2SO4 gel electrolyte, exhibiting a low internal resistance of 2.79 Ω·cm2 and an operational voltage of 1.4 V with rectangular CV profiles. Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) tests showed an energy density of 5.0 Wh/kg and a power density of 5600 W/kg at 8 mA cm-2. The cell exhibited good cyclic stability of 90.7% after 5000 cycles. Additionally, a gel-derived ZrB2 electrode was successfully applied in a solid-state zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor configuration, demonstrating a high specific capacity of 230 mAh/g at 0.9 C and excellent reversibility with 87% Coulombic efficiency. These results confirm the versatility of gel-synthesized ZrB2 for both symmetric and hybrid energy storage systems, making it a promising electrode material for multifunctional solid-state devices.

The conventional synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is often time-consuming and energy-intensive, which has become a bottleneck restricting their practical applications. Herein, we report a novel strategy utilizing a capacitively coupled alternating electric field (CCAEF) to accelerate MOF synthesis. The CCAEF could activate the precursor solution and lower the nucleation energy barrier, thereby facilitating the rapid formation of MOF materials. Using UiO-66 as a model, rapid synthesis was achieved within 25 min under relatively mild conditions, and the obtained material exhibited crystallinity and stability comparable to those of products from traditional synthesis methods. Furthermore, this method demonstrated good generality, successfully applied to the synthesis of various zirconium-based MOFs (e.g., UiO-66-NH2, MOF-801, MOF-808) and nonzirconium-based MOFs (e.g., MOF-5, MIL-88A, MIL-53). Notably, the CCAEF enhanced electron transfer, promoting the reduction of multivalent metals and leading to superior catalytic activity. This study provides an efficient strategy for the rapid and efficient synthesis of MOFs.

The electronic, structural, and optical properties of layered transition metal dichalcogenides, ZrS2 and ZrSeS, with trigonal structures, were comprehensively investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Calculations employed various approximations, including LDA, GGA, PBE+U, and PBE0, within the Quantum ESPRESSO framework. Rigorous convergence tests were conducted to ensure computational accuracy for both materials. The calculated equilibrium lattice constants demonstrate good agreement with existing experimental data, validating the chosen computational methods. Analysis of electronic properties revealed that LDA and GGA significantly underestimate the band gap values; in contrast, PBE+U and PBE0 approaches yielded values consistent with experimental results. Furthermore, the optical properties, including the absorption spectrum, complex dielectric function, refractive index, and static and dynamic polarizability, were thoroughly studied. To ensure accuracy, a scissor-operator correction was applied to the optical spectra to align with corrected electronic transitions. Key energy levels and intensities for significant transitions were identified, and the notable anisotropic behavior of these materials was characterized. By positioning these findings within the most recent 2025 developments in solid-state systems, this study provides a high-fidelity benchmark for the optoelectronic and polarizable response of Zr-based TMDs.

Magnesium-air batteries offer high energy density and intrinsic safety, yet their practical deployment is hindered by rapid passivation that suppresses kinetics. Here, we develop an in situ hydrogenation strategy that embeds uniformly dispersed cerium hydride (CeH2.73) nanodomains within magnesium, reprogramming dissolution from localized corrosion to a spatially uniform mode. The CeH2.73 phase establishes a hydride-regulated reaction pathway, acting as a weak-cathodic catalytic unit that enriches local electron density and activates neighboring magnesium. During discharge, partial oxidation of CeH2.73 yields CeH2.73-CeO2 clusters, enabling rapid interfacial turnover and constructing a percolating pore-channel architecture that shortens ion/electron transport pathways and refreshes reactive surfaces. This dynamic hydride-oxide conversion prevents passivation even under high current densities. Consequently, under an ultrahigh current density of 200 mA cm-2, the CeH2.73|Mg anode delivers an energy density of 396 Wh kg-1 and a peak power density of 140 mW cm-2, representing the highest energy and power output reported for Mg-air anodes in this extreme high-current regime, while maintaining stability across 0 °C, 80 °C and low-oxygen seawater environments. In seawater batteries, the CeH2.73|Mg||AgCl cell achieves a peak power density exceeding 200 mW cm-2. These results establish hydride phase engineering as a generalizable strategy for high-power, wide-temperature metal-air energy systems.

Achieving spatiotemporal control over photonic functions within a unified materials platform is a central goal for developing adaptive and secure information technologies. Herein, we report a light-gated dynamic coordination assembly that integrates a chiral spiropyran photoswitch with a terbium(III)-terpyridine complex. Upon UV irradiation, the spiropyran-to-merocyanine transformation triggers supramolecular polymerization via Tb3+-phenolate coordination process, which synergistically enables efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from Tb3+ to merocyanine, resulting in reversible emission color switching. Notably, this process also induces coordination-enhanced circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) through supramolecular chirality amplification, a feature that distinguishes this system from conventional photochromic coordination assemblies. The resulting time-resolved multicolor optical switches exhibit tunable fading kinetics governed by the lanthanide-coordinated architecture. Leveraging these temporally programmable, multimodal optical responses that integrate modulation of apparent color, emission color, luminescence lifetime, and chiroptical signatures, we demonstrate sophisticated hierarchical information encryption with time-gated decryption and fully rewritable patterns. This work establishes a versatile coordination-driven assembly strategy for designing intelligent photonic materials whose chiroptical and emissive properties can be dynamically and precisely regulated by light.

The buried interface of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) PEDOT:PSS/perovskite in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) presents several challenges, such as low work function (WF) causing energy level mismatch, poor conductivity limiting transport, and defect states inducing nonradiative recombination and carrier loss. To address these issues, this work introduced the interfacial modifier sodium acetate (NaOAc) into the PEDOT:PSS precursor solution, enabling molecular-level modulation of the physicochemical properties of the buried interface. Experimental results confirm that sodium ions (Na+) preferentially coordinate with the sulfonic acid groups at the termini of PEDOT:PSS molecular chains, displacing the nonconductive H+ and forming a more ordered molecular packing. This ion-exchange process increases the WF of the PEDOT:PSS film at the buried interface (from 4.27 to 4.38 eV) while enhancing its conductivity by 55%, effectively optimizing interfacial energy level alignment and reducing the hole transport barrier. More importantly, the residual acetate anions exert an in situ passivation effect during the subsequent perovskite crystallization, coordinating with unreacted Pb2+ at the buried interface, thereby reducing the defect density by 11%. The optimized buried interface exhibits excellent carrier dynamics characteristics, with photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirming that the sodium acetate treated PEDOT:PSS buried interface reduces nonradiative recombination and enhances charge extraction. As a result, the device fill factor exceeds 81.7%, and the efficiency improves to 19.38%. When applied to mixed tin lead perovskite (FASnI3)0.6(MAPbI3)0.4, the optimized buried interface further demonstrates universal advantages, achieving an efficiency exceeding 21%. This work reveals the synergistic modulation mechanism of ion coordination engineering at the buried interface on carrier transport and recombination dynamics, providing a new paradigm for the development of high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells.

Carbon sequestration is essential to mitigate climate change and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Utilizing indoor plants, such as Spathiphyllum (Peace Lily), is desirable for sustainable living, thanks to their carbon sequestration characteristics and ability to remove air toxins and adjust humidity. In this study, a luminescent energy storage material, calcium sulfide doped with europium and dysprosium (CaS:Eu,Dy) phosphor, was synthesized and applied to the surface of Spathiphyllum (Peace Lily) leaves to improve its photosynthetic efficiency and carbon sink potential. This phosphor absorbs incident visible light and converts short-wavelength light to long-wavelength light. When excited by 514 nm light, the CaS:Eu,Dy phosphor emits a red light at 652 nm. Additionally, CaS:0.5%Eu,0.25%Dy has the best luminescence duration compared to other dopants, with a relaxation time of 2.392 s. To prevent the phosphor from hygroscopic degradation in the air, a SiO2 coating was applied to the material's surface, increasing the phosphor's lifespan and preventing environmental damage. Based on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction OJIP curve, it was observed that using the phosphor on the leaves of Peace Lily does not affect the plant's physiological condition, and the plant remains healthy. Furthermore, compared to untreated leaves, the photosynthetic efficiency of treated Peace Lily leaves could increase by 42%, resulting in an additional carbon sequestration of about 0.045 mol of CO2 per square meter of leaves per day. This also allows the Peace Lily to emit red light in the dark, thereby enhancing its ornamental value as an indoor plant.

In this study, acid-treated lamellar perlite (ALP) and Fe3O4-decorated acid-treated lamellar perlite (Fe3O4-ALP) were synthesized and applied as sorbents for dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (DSPE-FAAS) for trace Co-(II) determination. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and BET surface area analysis. Fe3O4 decoration onto the lamellar aluminosilicate framework of perlite yielded a mesoporous composite with enhanced surface heterogeneity and convenient magnetic recoverability, facilitating rapid phase separation in the DSPE workflow. Comparative experiments demonstrated that Fe3O4-ALP exhibited substantially higher extraction efficiency than ALP, confirming the beneficial role of Fe3O4 decoration on Co-(II) uptake. Under optimized analytical conditions, the DSPE-FAAS method showed a linear response for Co-(II) in the range of 5-250 ng mL-1 with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.999. The limits of detection and quantification were determined as 0.626 ng mL-1 and 2.086 ng mL-1, respectively, corresponding to a 122-fold LOD improvement factor relative to direct FAAS analysis. The method exhibited satisfactory precision, with relative standard deviations ranging from 4.4% to 8.1%. The applicability of the developed DSPE-FAAS method was validated by analyzing groundwater and rock leachate samples, which yielded recoveries in the range of 84.4-110.4%, confirming method robustness under geochemically complex matrix conditions. Overall, Fe3O4-ALP represents a cost-effective and analytically efficient sorbent for trace Co-(II) determination in environmental samples.