Russian and Arabic are among the major languages of scientific communication. Language barriers impede the exchange of research results between these communities, which affects international collaboration and the progress of sustainability-related research. We present a benchmark for Arabic--Russian scientific translation. The benchmark includes a hybrid parallel corpus of about 27,000 sentence pairs, compiled from scientific abstracts and general-domain texts (religion, news, conversations). We fine-tune three multilingual language models -- mT5-base (580M parameters), NLLB-200-distilled-1.3B (1.3B), and Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct (7B) -- using LoRA with ranks 8, 16, 32, and 64. The Qwen2.5-7B model with QLoRA (rank 8) yields BLEU 23.15, chrF 43.89, BERTScore 0.906, and COMET 0.758. These are +4.36 BLEU and +0.051 COMET above the zero-shot baseline. Few-shot prompting with three examples does not improve performance, indicating that domain-specific fine-tuning is required. We release the models, the corpus, and the evaluation code. By lowering the language barrier for scientific texts, the work enables knowledge exchange between Arabic-speaking and Russian-speaking researchers. It contri
We measure how much one recurrence is worth to a looped (depth-recurrent) transformer, in equivalent unique parameters. From an iso-depth pretraining sweep across recurrence counts $r \in \{1, 2, 4, 8\}$ spanning ${\sim}50\times$ in training compute, we fit a joint scaling law $L = E + A\,(N_\text{once} + r^{\varphi} N_\text{rec})^{-α} + B\,D^{-β}$ and measure a recurrence-equivalence exponent $\varphi = 0.46$. Intuitively, $\varphi$ tells us whether looping a block $r$ times is equivalent in validation loss to $r$ unique blocks of a non-looped model (full equivalence, $\varphi{=}1$) or to a single block run repeatedly with no capacity gain ($\varphi{=}0$). Our $\varphi = 0.46$ sits in between, so replacing unique blocks with shared recurrences increases validation loss at matched training compute. For example, at $r{=}4$ a 410M looped model performs on par with a 580M non-looped model, but incurs the training cost of a 1B non-looped one. We demonstrate the utility of $\varphi$ as a diagnostic tool on two case studies: commonly used truncated backpropagation lowers $\varphi$ to $0.38$, indicating that the loop mechanism is poorly trained under truncation, even though validation los
Traditional OCR systems (OCR-1.0) are increasingly unable to meet people's usage due to the growing demand for intelligent processing of man-made optical characters. In this paper, we collectively refer to all artificial optical signals (e.g., plain texts, math/molecular formulas, tables, charts, sheet music, and even geometric shapes) as "characters" and propose the General OCR Theory along with an excellent model, namely GOT, to promote the arrival of OCR-2.0. The GOT, with 580M parameters, is a unified, elegant, and end-to-end model, consisting of a high-compression encoder and a long-contexts decoder. As an OCR-2.0 model, GOT can handle all the above "characters" under various OCR tasks. On the input side, the model supports commonly used scene- and document-style images in slice and whole-page styles. On the output side, GOT can generate plain or formatted results (markdown/tikz/smiles/kern) via an easy prompt. Besides, the model enjoys interactive OCR features, i.e., region-level recognition guided by coordinates or colors. Furthermore, we also adapt dynamic resolution and multi-page OCR technologies to GOT for better practicality. In experiments, we provide sufficient result
A supersonic beam of metastable neon atoms has been decelerated by exploiting the interaction between the magnetic moment of the atoms and time-dependent inhomogeneous magnetic fields in a multistage Zeeman decelerator. Using 91 deceleration solenoids, the atoms were decelerated from an initial velocity of 580m/s to final velocities as low as 105m/s, corresponding to a removal of more than 95% of their initial kinetic energy. The phase-space distribution of the cold, decelerated atoms was characterized by time-of-flight and imaging measurements, from which a temperature of 10mK was obtained in the moving frame of the decelerated sample. In combination with particle-trajectory simulations, these measurements allowed the phase-space acceptance of the decelerator to be quantified. The degree of isotope separation that can be achieved by multistage Zeeman deceleration was also studied by performing experiments with pulse sequences generated for $^{20}$Ne and $^{22}$Ne.
A total solar eclipse will plunge parts of Europe into darkness on August 12, 2026, with Spain offering some of the best views。 ESA will livestream the spectacle from the Javalambre Observatory, combining telescope feeds, drone footage, and expert commentary。 At 20:31 CEST, the observatory will experience 1 minute and 21 seconds of totality, reveal
Scientists have identified LHAASO J1912+1014u as a cosmic accelerator that can push protons beyond one quadrillion electron volts。 The finding may help reveal where the Milky Way’s most energetic cosmic rays come from and how they influence the galaxy
Photons traveling through a cloud of atoms can emerge so early that they appear to have spent a negative amount of time inside。 Researchers tested whether this was merely a misleading feature of the light pulse by making extremely weak measurements of the atoms。 Surprisingly, the atoms confirmed the same negative dwell time
A surprisingly simple change could make sodium-ion batteries far more powerful while opening the door to turning seawater into drinking water。 Researchers at the University of Surrey found that sodium vanadium oxide performs much better when its naturally occurring water is left inside instead of being removed during manufacturing
A new 3D printing technique can produce exceptionally hard tungsten carbide cobalt while using less of its expensive raw materials。 By softening rather than fully melting the material, researchers created defect-free samples with industrial-grade hardness and opened the door to more efficient manufacturing
Phone and Bluetooth signals could turn roadside cameras into far richer tracking tools
Chemists have developed a catalyst that breaks a long-standing rule governing which molecules receive electrons during chemical reactions。 By releasing electrons directly into solution, the technique could unlock reactions—and potentially useful new molecules—that were previously out of reach
Trump has resisted urge to fire FCC Democrat despite recent Supreme Court win
August brings four major celestial events, including a solar eclipse and the peak of the Perseid meteor shower。 Dark New Moon skies could make the Perseids especially impressive, while Venus will blaze in the west after sunset。 A deep partial lunar eclipse closes the month, darkening most of the Moon
Ultrafast X-rays revealed how a molecule converts absorbed light into motion in just trillionths of a second。 Individual atoms recorded different stages of the process, opening a powerful new window into light-driven chemistry
A ten-month Antarctic experiment found that astronauts may struggle not only with loneliness but also with spending too much time around the same people。 Frequent contact was linked to greater tension and mistrust, while the crew increasingly divided into cultural and language-based groups