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Background: the prevalence of obesity is reaching a pandemic status. The SCALE trials showed that liraglutide 3 mg among people with obesity (PwO) was effective to reduce bodyweight and related complications. The fact that almost two-thirds of patients did not achieve the desired weight loss with the maximum dose of liraglutide made almost mandatory the development of other pharmacological options. The STEP 1-5 trials showed the effectiveness of semaglutide in reducing bodyweight in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the STEP 8 trial proved the superiority of semaglutide 2,4 mg/week versus liraglutide 3 mg/daily. We aimed to assess the effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide 0.5 mg/weekly compared with s.c. liraglutide 3 mg/daily in PwO on anthropometric parameters in a real world-scenario for 3 months. Methods: we retrospectively evaluated 179 PwO (91.9 % ♀, 45.7 ± 10 years, and 33.3 ± 7 kg/m2) who received treatment with aGLP-1 as add-on therapy to lifestyle interventions. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months. Ninety-nine patients were prescribed s.c. semaglutide 0.5 mg/weekly with an off-label indication for weight reduction. These patients were compared with 80 patients treated with s.c. liraglutide 3 mg/daily. The main reason for prescribing of s.c. semaglutide was economic. Body composition was evaluated using a bioimpedance device (Tanita MC 580M®). Results: baseline weight was significantly greater with semaglutide compared to liraglutide (97.19 ± 21.09 vs. 90.73 ± 21.88 kg; p < 0.01) as was fat mass (42.43 ± 15.04 vs. 34.84 ± 16.07 kg; p < 0.01), whereas baseline lean mass was lesser among subjects treated with semaglutide (31.62 ± 7.56 vs 45.69 ± 15.51 kg; p < 0.01). PwO experienced a significant reduction in weight using s.c. semaglutide 0.5 mg/weekly (96.67 ± 20.83 vs. 91.44 ± 19.6 kg; p < 0.01) or s.c. liraglutide 3 mg/daily (90.73 ± 21.88 vs. 80.13 ± 18.38 kg; p < 0.01) No significant differences were seen between the amount of weight lost (5.28 ± 4.22 vs 5.72 ± 1.62 kg; p = 0.5) in the two groups. Furthermore, both groups were comparable in fat mass (2.69 ± 5.34 vs 0.96 ± 4.22 kg; p = 0.3) and fat-free mass (0.86 ± 1.63 vs 1.03 ± 0.94 kg; p = 0.07) after 3 months of treatment with both aGLP1. Side effects were gastrointestinal and transient/comparable between groups Conclusions: subcutaneous semaglutide 0.5 mg and subcutaneous liraglutide 3 mg are effective treatments for reducing weight safely among PwO in a real-world scenario at short term and without a negative impact on fat-free mass. Moreover, low doses of semaglutide were similar to liraglutide 3 mg in reducing bodyweight at short term. Introducción: casi dos tercios de los pacientes en tratamiento con 3 mg de liraglutida no lograran los objetivos de pérdida de peso, lo que lleva a la búsqueda de otras opciones farmacológicas. El STEP 8 demostró la superioridad de la semaglutida, 2,4 mg/semana, en comparación con la liraglutida, 3 mg/día. Evaluamos los efectos de 0,5 mg de semaglutida sc semanal en comparación con 3 mg de liraglutida/día en personas con obesidad (PwO) sobre los parámetros antropométricos en la vida real durante 3 meses. Métodos: 179 PwO (91,9 % mujeres, 45,7 ± 10 años e IMC de 33,3 ± 7 kg/m2) recibieron tratamiento con aGLP-1 e intervenciones en el estilo de vida y fueron evaluadas retrospectivamente al inicio y después de 3 meses. A 99 pacientes se les prescribió semaglutida sc, 0,5 mg semanales, con indicación fuera de la ficha técnica para reducción del peso, y se les comparó con 80 pacientes tratados con 3 mg día de liraglutida sc. Se estudió la evolución de los parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal en ambos grupos. Resultados: las PwO experimentaron una reducción significativa del peso con la semaglutida sc en dosis de 0,5 mg semanales (96,67 ± 20,83 vs. 91,44 ± 19,6 kg; p < 0,01) y la liraglutida en dosis de 3 mg al día (90,73 ± 21,88 vs. 80,13 ± 18,38 kg; p < 0,01). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en la cantidad de peso perdida ni en términos de la masa grasa ni de la masa libre de grasa. Conclusión: tanto la semaglutida en dosis de 0,5 mg y como la liraglutida en dosis de 3 mg son tratamientos eficaces y seguros para reducir el peso en las PwO sin impacto negativo sobre la masa magra. Además, en la vida real, las dosis bajas de semaglutida fueron similares a las de 3 mg de liraglutida para reducir el peso corporal a corto plazo.
Fatigue is a frequent and disabling symptom in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). There is evidence for the benefit of exercise on fatigue in haematological malignancies, but clinical trials targeting patients with MDS do not exist. A prospective, non-randomized feasibility trial was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of a home-based exercise intervention in patients with MDS. Exercise schedule contained endurance or strength training in daily turns over 12 weeks. Outcome measures included 6-min walking distance (6-MWD), an ergometer check, strength measurement of lower limb, abdomen and back, quality of life and fatigue. Twenty-one patients (13 male, 8 female) were included. Median age was 66 years (range 29-87). Fifteen patients (71%) continued the program till week 12 (T1), of whom eleven patients met criteria for program completion. There were no adverse events reported due to the intervention. 6-MWD significantly improved from 580m at T0 to 645m at T1 (p<0.05). Fatigue scores did not significantly change over time (MFI: 12.8 vs. 12.3 vs. 11.9; QLQ-C30 fatigue scale: 48.2 vs. 46.7 vs. 47.4). These data provide evidence that an unsupervised outpatient exercise program is feasible and can improve physical capacity. Randomized, controlled studies implementing these interventions are warranted.
Halomonas hydrothermalis strain Slthf2 is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids in South Pacific Ocean vent fields located at 2,580-m depth. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which has a genome size of 4.12 Mb, with a GC content of 53.2%.
Russian and Arabic are among the major languages of scientific communication. Language barriers impede the exchange of research results between these communities, which affects international collaboration and the progress of sustainability-related research. We present a benchmark for Arabic--Russian scientific translation. The benchmark includes a hybrid parallel corpus of about 27,000 sentence pairs, compiled from scientific abstracts and general-domain texts (religion, news, conversations). We fine-tune three multilingual language models -- mT5-base (580M parameters), NLLB-200-distilled-1.3B (1.3B), and Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct (7B) -- using LoRA with ranks 8, 16, 32, and 64. The Qwen2.5-7B model with QLoRA (rank 8) yields BLEU 23.15, chrF 43.89, BERTScore 0.906, and COMET 0.758. These are +4.36 BLEU and +0.051 COMET above the zero-shot baseline. Few-shot prompting with three examples does not improve performance, indicating that domain-specific fine-tuning is required. We release the models, the corpus, and the evaluation code. By lowering the language barrier for scientific texts, the work enables knowledge exchange between Arabic-speaking and Russian-speaking researchers. It contri
We measure how much one recurrence is worth to a looped (depth-recurrent) transformer, in equivalent unique parameters. From an iso-depth pretraining sweep across recurrence counts $r \in \{1, 2, 4, 8\}$ spanning ${\sim}50\times$ in training compute, we fit a joint scaling law $L = E + A\,(N_\text{once} + r^{\varphi} N_\text{rec})^{-α} + B\,D^{-β}$ and measure a recurrence-equivalence exponent $\varphi = 0.46$. Intuitively, $\varphi$ tells us whether looping a block $r$ times is equivalent in validation loss to $r$ unique blocks of a non-looped model (full equivalence, $\varphi{=}1$) or to a single block run repeatedly with no capacity gain ($\varphi{=}0$). Our $\varphi = 0.46$ sits in between, so replacing unique blocks with shared recurrences increases validation loss at matched training compute. For example, at $r{=}4$ a 410M looped model performs on par with a 580M non-looped model, but incurs the training cost of a 1B non-looped one. We demonstrate the utility of $\varphi$ as a diagnostic tool on two case studies: commonly used truncated backpropagation lowers $\varphi$ to $0.38$, indicating that the loop mechanism is poorly trained under truncation, even though validation los
Traditional OCR systems (OCR-1.0) are increasingly unable to meet people's usage due to the growing demand for intelligent processing of man-made optical characters. In this paper, we collectively refer to all artificial optical signals (e.g., plain texts, math/molecular formulas, tables, charts, sheet music, and even geometric shapes) as "characters" and propose the General OCR Theory along with an excellent model, namely GOT, to promote the arrival of OCR-2.0. The GOT, with 580M parameters, is a unified, elegant, and end-to-end model, consisting of a high-compression encoder and a long-contexts decoder. As an OCR-2.0 model, GOT can handle all the above "characters" under various OCR tasks. On the input side, the model supports commonly used scene- and document-style images in slice and whole-page styles. On the output side, GOT can generate plain or formatted results (markdown/tikz/smiles/kern) via an easy prompt. Besides, the model enjoys interactive OCR features, i.e., region-level recognition guided by coordinates or colors. Furthermore, we also adapt dynamic resolution and multi-page OCR technologies to GOT for better practicality. In experiments, we provide sufficient result
A supersonic beam of metastable neon atoms has been decelerated by exploiting the interaction between the magnetic moment of the atoms and time-dependent inhomogeneous magnetic fields in a multistage Zeeman decelerator. Using 91 deceleration solenoids, the atoms were decelerated from an initial velocity of 580m/s to final velocities as low as 105m/s, corresponding to a removal of more than 95% of their initial kinetic energy. The phase-space distribution of the cold, decelerated atoms was characterized by time-of-flight and imaging measurements, from which a temperature of 10mK was obtained in the moving frame of the decelerated sample. In combination with particle-trajectory simulations, these measurements allowed the phase-space acceptance of the decelerator to be quantified. The degree of isotope separation that can be achieved by multistage Zeeman deceleration was also studied by performing experiments with pulse sequences generated for $^{20}$Ne and $^{22}$Ne.
A total solar eclipse will plunge parts of Europe into darkness on August 12, 2026, with Spain offering some of the best views。 ESA will livestream the spectacle from the Javalambre Observatory, combining telescope feeds, drone footage, and expert commentary。 At 20:31 CEST, the observatory will experience 1 minute and 21 seconds of totality, reveal
Scientists have identified LHAASO J1912+1014u as a cosmic accelerator that can push protons beyond one quadrillion electron volts。 The finding may help reveal where the Milky Way’s most energetic cosmic rays come from and how they influence the galaxy
Photons traveling through a cloud of atoms can emerge so early that they appear to have spent a negative amount of time inside。 Researchers tested whether this was merely a misleading feature of the light pulse by making extremely weak measurements of the atoms。 Surprisingly, the atoms confirmed the same negative dwell time
A surprisingly simple change could make sodium-ion batteries far more powerful while opening the door to turning seawater into drinking water。 Researchers at the University of Surrey found that sodium vanadium oxide performs much better when its naturally occurring water is left inside instead of being removed during manufacturing
A new 3D printing technique can produce exceptionally hard tungsten carbide cobalt while using less of its expensive raw materials。 By softening rather than fully melting the material, researchers created defect-free samples with industrial-grade hardness and opened the door to more efficient manufacturing
Phone and Bluetooth signals could turn roadside cameras into far richer tracking tools
Chemists have developed a catalyst that breaks a long-standing rule governing which molecules receive electrons during chemical reactions。 By releasing electrons directly into solution, the technique could unlock reactions—and potentially useful new molecules—that were previously out of reach
Trump has resisted urge to fire FCC Democrat despite recent Supreme Court win