[Characteristics of adverse drug reaction in 403 cases from a specialty stomatology hospital].

内容摘要

To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) in a specialized stomatology hospital and thus provide references for clinical rational drug use and risk management. A total of 403 ADR cases reported to the military ADR monitoring system by the School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University from January 2022 to December 2025 were collected. Descriptive statistical and Pareto chart analyses were conducted by using Excel 2019. ADR reports were predominantly submitted by pharmacists (91.32%). The proportion of male patients was slightly higher than that of females (53.35% vs. 46.65%). Patients aged 41-60 years accounted for the highest proportion (37.72%) of cases. Intravenous administration was the most common route (60.79%). The main drug categories causing ADR were anti-infective (31.02%), antineoplastic (28.78%), and immune system (18.36%) agents. ADR primarily involved the digestive system (32.75%), skin, and appendages (29.53%). Three new ADR cases and 10 severe ADR cases, with all cases involving multiple drug categories, were reported. ADR in specialized stomatology hospitals exhibit certain specialty-specific characteristics, and high-risk drugs predominate. Although the incidence of severe ADR is low, enhanced monitoring is still required. Establishing an ADR early warning system for stomatology hospitals, promoting multidisciplinary collaboration, and improving clinical medication safety are recommended. 目的: 分析口腔专科医院药品不良反应（ADR）的发生特点，为临床合理用药与风险防控提供参考。方法: 收集2022年1月—2025年12月期间空军军医大学口腔医院通过军队ADR监测管理系统上报的403例ADR报告，采用Excel 2019进行统计分析和帕累托图分析。结果: ADR上报人员以药师为主（91.32%）;男性患者占比（53.35%）略高于女性（46.65%）;41~60岁患者占比最高（37.72%）;静脉滴注为最常见给药途径（60.79%）。引发ADR的前三大类药物为抗感染药（31.02%）、抗肿瘤药（28.78%）和免疫系统药（18.36%）。ADR主要累及消化系统（32.75%）和皮肤及其附属器官（29.53%）。新发ADR 3例，严重ADR 10例，均涉及不同药物类别。结论: 口腔专科医院ADR发生具有一定专科特色，高风险药物较为集中，严重ADR虽发生率较低，但仍需加强监测。建议构建口腔专科ADR预警体系，促进多学科协作，提高临床用药安全性。.