To systematically analyze the clinical manifestations, dynamic changes in hematological parameters, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tongue characteristics, and syndrome differentiation patterns in children with influenza A during spring, so as to provide clinical evidence for the integrated Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of pediatric influenza A in spring. A single-center retrospective study design was adopted. A total of 143 children who visited the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of our hospital in the spring of 2024 and 2025 and were initially diagnosed with influenza A were included. General information, initial symptoms, and symptom combinations were collected. Hematological parameters were measured, including white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (NEU), absolute lymphocyte count (LYM), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalc itonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP). According to disease duration, patients were divided into three stages: <1 d, >1-≤3 d, and >3-14 d, and trends of change were compared. Tongue characteristics including tongue color, coating texture, and coating color were recorded, and TCM syndrome differentiation types were statistically analyzed. (1) General data and symptom characteristics: Among the 143 children, 78 were male (54.55%) and 65 were female (45.45%), with a mean age of (6.48 ± 3.61) years. The main age group was >5-≤10 years (64 cases, 44.76%). The mean disease duration was (1.82 ± 1.69) d, and 100 cases (69.93%) sought medical care within ≤1 d. Fever was the most common initial symptom (132 cases, 92.31%). The most frequent symptom combination was " fever + cough" (116 cases, 81.12%), followed by "fever + constipation" (85 cases, 59.44%). (2) Changes in hematological parameters: At the initial visit, 129 cases (90.21%) had LYM below the normal reference range, and 84 cases (58.74%) had elevated PCT. With disease progression, WBC showed a s light downward trend without statistical significance (P > 0.05); NEU gradually decreased, and was lower in the >3-14 d stage than in the <1 d stage (P < 0.05); LYM gradually increased, and was higher in the >1-≤3 d and >3-14 d stages than in the <1 d stage (P < 0.05); NLR gradually decreased, and was lower in the >3-14 d stage than in the <1 d stage (P < 0.05). PCT and CRP increased in the >1-≤3 d stage and decreased in the >3-14 d stage; PCT in the >3-14 d stage was lower than that in the >1-≤3 d stage (P < 0.05), and CRP in the >1-≤3 d stage was higher than that in the <1 d stage (P < 0.05). (3) Tongue characteristics: Red tongue was predominant (134 cases, 93.71%), and the proportion of red tongue increased with disease progression (<1 d 92.00%, >3-14 d 100%). Thick coating was predominant (91 cases, 63.64%), and the proportion increased with prolonged disease duration (<1 d 60.00%, >3-14 d 73.33%). White coating was the most common (89 cases, 62.24%), while the proportion of yellow coating increased with disease progression (<1 d 30.00%, >3- 14 d 60.00%). (4) TCM syndrome differentiation characteristics: The distribution of syndromes was as follows: heat-toxin attacking the lung syndrome (50 cases, 34.97%), wind-heat invading the exterior syndrome (47 cases, 32.87%), wind-cold constraining the exterior syndrome (29 cases, 20.28%), and dampness obstructing the defensive qi syndrome (17 cases, 11.89%). Stratification by sex showed that wind-heat invading the exterior syndrome was slightly more common in males (35.90%), while heat-toxin attacking the lung syndrome was slightly more common in females (38.46%). Stratification by age showed that in the 0-≤5 years and >5-≤10 years groups, wind-heat invading the exterior syndrome was more common (35.71% and 35.94%, respectively), whereas in the >10-16 years group, heat-toxin attacking the lung syndrome predominated (56.52%). Stratification by disease duration showed that the >3-14 d stage had the highest proportion of heat-toxin attacking the lung syndrome (53.33%). Spring influenza A in children was characterized by fever-dominant onset, frequent cough and constipation, early lymphopenia, dynamic inflammatory marker changes, and progressive tongue/coating changes across disease-duration stages. The observed increase in red tongue, thick coating, yellow coating, and heat-related TCM syndromes suggests a possible disease-duration-related shift toward intensified heat signs. These findings may provide exploratory reference for integrated clinical assessment, but they should be interpreted with caution because of the single-center retrospective design, small late-stage subgroup, absence of treatment/outcome data, and lack of standardized digital tongue imaging. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to validate these observations and clarify their clinical value.
使用 AI 将内容摘要翻译为中文，便于快速阅读
使用 AI 分析这篇文章的核心发现、关键要点和深度见解
由 DeepSeek AI 提供分析 · 首次使用需配置 API Key
arXiv · 2026-07-17
arXiv · 2025-08-22
arXiv · 2022-10-24