Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to the lack of obvious symptoms and signs in the early stages, most patients are already in the middle or late stages at diagnosis. This makes treatment difficult and prognosis poor. Therefore, the identification of effective and specific biomarkers for lung cancer remains a focal area of research. So this study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P) in LUAD. Tissue samples of LUAD (n=50), adjacent normal lung tissue (n=50), and benign inflammatory lesions (n=50) were collected from The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, used as the LUAD group, normal group and benign group. Immunohistochemistry (SP method) was employed to detect the expression of S100P, C-C chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) proteins. Correlation analyses were carried out. Database analysis (UALCAN, GEPIA2) identified S100P as an mRNA with high expression in LUAD. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the protein levels of S100P and CCL4 were significantly higher in lung tissues of the LUAD group compared to those in the normal group and benign group (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of S100P for differentiating LUAD was 0.943. The expression of S100P showed no significant correlation with age, sex, tumor size, or degree of differentiation (all P>0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that S100P expression was moderately positively correlated with CCL4 (r=0.611, P<0.001), and positively correlated with CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration (r=0.461, P<0.001). CCL4 expression was also positively correlated with CD8+ infiltration (r=0.400, P<0.001). Database analysis indicates that S100P is highly expressed in LUAD and associated with a poor prognosis, making it a potential biomarker for the prognosis of LUAD. Clinical tissue analysis further shows that S100P expression is correlated with CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration in LUAD, suggesting that S100P can serve as a biomarker of lymphocyte infiltration and a potential predictor of the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. 【中文题目：S100P在肺腺癌中的表达及其临床意义】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 肺腺癌（lung adenocarcinoma, LUAD）是非小细胞肺癌最常见的组织学亚型。由于早期无明显症状及体征，多数患者就诊时处于中晚期，治疗困难，预后较差。因此，筛选鉴定高效、特异的肺癌生物标志物仍是研究热点。本研究旨在探究S100钙结合蛋白P（S100 calcium-binding protein P, S100P）在LUAD中的表达及其临床意义。方法 收集广州医科大学附属肿瘤医院LUAD组织、癌旁正常组织和肺炎症性病变组织各50例分别作为LUAD组、正常组和良性组，利用免疫组织化学SP法检测钙结合蛋白家族成员S100P、C-C趋化因子配体4（C-C chemokine ligand 4, CCL4）及白细胞跨膜糖蛋白8（cluster of differentiation 8, CD8）在相应组织中的表达情况并进行相关性分析。结果 基于UALCAN和GEPIA2数据库，分别获得了相对正常组织的LUAD mRNA高表达差异基因谱。免疫组化结果显示S100P蛋白、CCL4蛋白在临床LUAD组织中的表达均高于对照组以及良性组（P均<0.05）。S100P蛋白表达用于辅助鉴别LUAD的曲线下面积可达0.943。S100P蛋白表达与LUAD患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小及分化程度均无明显关联（P均>0.05）。相关性分析显示，S100P蛋白与CCL4蛋白表达呈中度正相关（r=0.611, P<0.001），S100P蛋白表达与CD8+淋巴细胞浸润呈正相关（r=0.461, P<0.001），CCL4蛋白表达与CD8+淋巴细胞浸润也呈正相关（r=0.400, P<0.001）。结论 数据库分析显示，S100P在LUAD中高表达且与不良预后有关，是LUAD预后相关生物标志物。同时，临床组织分析发现S100P高表达还与LUAD中CD8+淋巴细胞浸润相关，S100P是LUAD淋巴细胞浸润的生物标志物，并具有预测免疫检查点抑制剂疗效的潜力。
】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；S100P；生物标志物；预测潜力】.
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