Objective: To investigate the causal associations between 47 potential risk factors and the risks of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: Genome-wide association study summary statistics for 47 exposures, as well as for BE and EAC, were included. The causal associations were evaluated using the random-effects inverse variance weighted method. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO methods. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied for multiple testing correction. Results: The MR analysis showed that waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, trunk fat mass, trunk fat percentage, whole-body fat mass, and never smoking were causally associated with the risk of BE (adjusted P<0.05). Body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, trunk fat mass, trunk fat percentage, whole-body fat mass, basal metabolic rate, duration of regular smoking, educational attainment (college or above), and years of education were causally associated with the risk of EAC (adjusted P<0.05). Conclusions: Genetically predicted obesity-related traits and never smoking were causally associated with the risk of BE. Obesity-related traits, basal metabolic rate, duration of regular smoking, educational attainment (college or above), and years of education were causally associated with the risk of EAC. 目的： 利用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法探讨47个相关因素与Barrett食管（BE）和食管腺癌（EAC）发病风险之间的因果关联。 方法： 纳入47个因素的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据及BE和EAC的GWAS数据，采用随机效应逆方差加权法评估因果关联，并应用MR-Egger和MR-PRESSO方法检验多效性。采用Benjamini-Hochberg方法进行多重检验校正。 结果： MR分析结果显示腰臀比、体脂率、躯干脂肪质量、躯干脂肪率、全身脂肪质量、从不吸烟均与BE发病风险之间有因果关联（校正P<0.05）。BMI、腰围、臀围、体脂率、躯干脂肪质量、躯干脂肪率、全身脂肪质量、基础代谢率、定期规律吸烟时间、文化程度（大学及以上）及受教育年数与EAC发病风险之间有因果关联（校正P<0.05）。 结论： 遗传预测的肥胖相关指标和从不吸烟与BE发病风险之间有因果关联，肥胖相关指标、基础代谢率、定期规律吸烟时间、文化程度（大学及以上）及受教育年数与EAC发病风险之间有因果关联。.
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