Optimizing of ecological networks in old industrial city based on the coupling of nature-culture: A case study of Shenyang City, Northeast China.

内容摘要

The optimization of ecological networks based on the coupling of natural and human systems is of great significance for mitigating the fragmentation of ecological spaces and the disconnection of human landscape spaces in old industrial cities. Taking Shenyang City as a case, we identified ecological sources using morphological spatial pattern analysis and landscape connectivity analysis. We integrated historical landscapes and industrial heritage as human sources, applied the circuit theory to construct three types of spatial networks: ecological, historical landscape, and industrial heritage networks. We further employed topological structure analysis and the coupling coordination degree model to analyze the structural characteristics and spatial coupling relationships among these three networks and propose optimization strategies. The results showed that the ecological network structure of Shenyang City was relatively fragile, with network closure (α), connectivity (β), and connection rate (γ) indices being 0.30, 1.48, and 0.54, respectively. A total of 16 ecological sources were identified, with a corridor density of 0.07 km·km-2. There were 38 ecological key points and 115 ecological interference points. The historical landscape network structure was intermediate, with the three indices being 0.35, 1.66, and 0.57, respectively, exhibiting a polycentric radial pattern spatially. The industrial heritage network structure was relatively stable, with the three indices being 0.38, 1.70, and 0.59, respectively, showing a high concentration of industrial heritage in Tiexi District. The coordination degree of the three networks decreased from the center to the periphery. Interaction hotspot areas were all located within the Third Ring Road of Shenyang City, where the ecological-historical landscape hotspot areas highly overlapped with the composite hotspot areas of the three networks. After optimization, the number of ecological sources increased to 33, and the area increased 144.31 km2. Corridor density increased to 0.15 km·km-2, while the α, β and γ indices improved by 37.7%, 19.1%, and 11.2%, respectively, compared to those of the pre-optimization ecological network. This study validated the feasibility of integrating historical landscape conservation and ecological restoration of industrial brownfields into ecological networks, which would provide a quantitative scientific basis for old industrial cities to implement "multi-plan integration" and achieve systematic governance and collaborative optimization of ecological, historical, and industrial spaces within territorial spatial planning. 基于自然与人文耦合的生态网络优化,对缓解老工业城市生态空间破碎与人文景观空间割裂问题具有重要意义。本研究以沈阳市为例,基于形态学空间格局分析和景观连通性分析方法识别生态源地,整合历史景观和工业遗产作为人文源地,运用电路理论构建生态、历史景观、工业遗产3类空间网络,并通过拓扑结构分析和耦合协调度模型解析三网结构特征和空间耦合关系,最后提出优化策略。结果表明:沈阳市生态网络结构较脆弱,网络闭合度(α)、连接度(β)和连通率(γ)指数分别为0.30、1.48和0.54,生态源地共16处,廊道密度为0.07 km·km-2,生态关键点和干扰点分别为38和115处;历史景观网络结构居中,3项指数分别为0.35、1.66和0.57,空间上呈现多中心放射状格局;工业遗产网络结构较稳定,3项指数分别为0.38、1.70和0.59,工业遗产在铁西区高度集聚。三网协调度从中心向边缘递减,交互热点区均位于沈阳市三环以内,其中,生态-历史景观热点区与三网复合热点区高度重叠。优化后生态源地数量增至33处,面积增加144.31 km2,廊道密度提升至0.15 km·km-2,α、β和γ指数较优化前的生态网络分别提升37.7%、19.1%和11.2%。本研究验证了历史景观保护和工业棕地生态修复融入生态网络的可行性,能够为老工业城市落实“多规合一”、在国土空间规划中实现生态、历史与工业空间的系统治理和协同优化,提供定量化的科学依据。.