Biological and chemical investigation of metabolites from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium (Linnaeus, 1767) methanolic extract against melanoma cancer cell lines.

内容摘要

Geodia cydonium, a sponge belonging to Demospongiae and endemic species to the Mediterranean Sea, is capturing increasing attention due to its rich and chemically diverse metabolome. Previous studies reported the presence of sterols, alkaloids, polyketides, and glycosaminoglycans within this species, some of which exhibit notable antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects. In this study, extraction procedure of bioactive metabolites from G. cydonium (Linnaeus, 1767) was optimised. The methanolic extract showed a cytotoxic activity and was purified using chromatographic techniques. Kynurenic acid was isolated for the first time from this sponge and identified by spectroscopic methods (1H-NMR and ESI-MS). Furthermore, a mixture of heteroatom-containing metabolites was also obtained. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using in vitro assays on melanoma cell lines. Our findings contribute to the growing repository of marine natural products with anticancer activity but also underlined the significance of marine biodiversity as a reservoir for drug discovery for melanoma therapy.