Applications and research advances of the ancient plant DNA technology.

内容摘要

Ancient DNA technology directly retrieves genetic information from preserved biological materials, thereby offering significant advantages for elucidating species origins and evolution. In recent years, ancient DNA studies have yielded significant advances in our understanding of human evolution and the origins and dispersal of animals. With the rapid development of ancient DNA extraction, library construction, and sequencing techniques, ancient DNA technology is increasingly contributing to plant research and is gradually developing into a standardized and systematic research area. These studies have not only deepened our understanding of the origins, dispersal routes, and evolutionary history of crop domestication, but have also provided novel perspectives for interpreting the interactive evolution among humans, plants, and the environment. In this review, we introduce the workflow of ancient plant DNA research and review the progress of ancient plant DNA technology in the fields of crop domestication, plant diseases, environmental reconstruction, and utilization of plant resources to provide a reference for the in-depth development of this field. 古DNA技术能够直接获取古代生物的遗传信息，在解析物种起源与演化方面具有独特优势。近年来，古DNA研究在人类演化及动物起源、扩散等领域取得了诸多突破性进展。随着古DNA提取、建库及测序技术的不断革新，该技术也被引入植物研究领域，并逐渐形成规范化、体系化的研究方法与技术流程。相关研究深化了作物驯化起源、传播路径及演化历史的认知，也为解析“人类−植物−环境”间的相互作用及协同演变机制提供了全新视角。本文介绍了植物古DNA研究的基本技术流程，综述了该技术在作物驯化、植物病理、环境重建及植物资源利用等方面的研究进展，以期为相关领域的深入研究提供参考。.